Ornithology, Evolution, and Philosophy 123

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70 2 The Budding Scientist Fig.2.10. Huon Peninsula, southeastern New Guinea. Expedition routes in the Saruwaget Mountains and the Herzog Mountains (dashed lines). Approximate locations of villages in the Saruwaget Mountains are based on a map by Wagner and Reiner (1986: 63). For a location map see Fig. 2.4. Sa Sattelberg, N Nanduo, J Junzaing, Jo Joangeng, K Kulungtufu, To Tobou, O Ogeramnang, Z Zangung, T Mt. Titaknan, M Mindik, E Ebabe, RAW Rawlinson Range, D Dawong
Expeditions to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands 71 Burrum people and all they knew about bird life. On 22 February he had a severe malaria attack which he treated with quinine and the next day with plasmochine, an experimental drug offered by a pharmaceutical firm in Germany. It had never been licensed for it sometimes caused bad side-effects, particularly on the spleen. In his case it worked wonders. Mayr coped well with his situation, remembering that Erwin Stresemann also suffered with malaria throughout his expedition to the Moluccas in 1912. Although still weak, Mayr made a first short excursion on 25 February to watch one of the dance festivals of the natives some of whom wore large grass skirts. Each of the mountain tribes in this region had its own dialect or language and, besides it, the natives usually knew no more than one or two of the adjacent tribes. Therefore Mayr who spoke Pidgin English and Malay needed up to four local interpreters to communicate with certain groups of people. On 5 March he left Ogeramnang for the high mountains, the Rawlinson Range, part of the Saruwaget Mountains (Fig. 2.10). Walking for him was still difficult and every step an effort. Ascending all day they reached a forest with tree ferns and unknown bird voices. The night was cold with pouring rain and only about 5°C. Marshy meadows, tree ferns, stretches of grassland along the water courses and woodland on the upper parts of the hills made it a very diversified landscape. The occurrence of grassland birds with endemic subspecies (Megalurus and Anthus) again indicated that much or at least most of the grasslands are old (see p. 65). On 8 March they reached a plateau with a lot of rhododendron and a high altitude bog. Here they found shelter in a hunting cottage of the natives. On the way up Mayr saw pipits (Anthus), the Alpine Thrush (Turdus poliocephalus), Rhipidura brachyrhynchus, high altitude species of Crateroscelis, Sericornis, etc.Abovethe tree limit on 9 March only Megalurus, Turdus and Anthus were observed. From the top of Mt. Titaknan (close to 4,000 m in elevation) they had a beautiful view over the Markham Valley to the southwest, the Huon Gulf in the south and toward the eastern part of the Rawlinson Range. The Saruwaget Mountains proper to the west were cloud covered. Collecting of birds and plants continued until 13 March, when they started the descent via Zangung, which was reached after dark; they were back in Ogeramnang the next day. There was no mail, only disappointment, fatigue and exhaustion. Nevertheless the bird collection now comprised 1,000 specimens. Mayr here used again his system of paper money which, as in the Arfak Mountains (p. 58), was readily accepted by the mountain tribes. A very desirable bird was worth ten paper slips. A forest rail which Mayr later described as a new subspecies was at first such a most desirable bird, but after the natives had brought in more than ten specimens, he was forced to reduce its value (Mayr 2004g). Eventually, he had a total of 42 specimens of this montane rail which is shy, retiring and most difficult to observe. The explanation of why his natives had been able to collect so many specimens of this bird was their knowledge of how to catch them in their sleeping nests at night. This bird builds characteristic football-sized sleeping nests of moss and leaves in low trees in which several birds crowd together to spend the night (later confirmed by Mayr and Gillard 1954f). Thirty-five specimens of Mayr’s series are still preserved in the Museum of Natural History of Berlin (Steinheimer 2004).
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Jürgen Haffer Ornithology, Evoluti
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Preface Ernst Mayr (1904-2005), emi
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Contents Introduction 1 Part I The
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Contents IX 2 Bibliography of Ernst
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2 Introduction and speciation, the
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4 Introduction (1928-1929) to repla
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Ernst Mayr has been an observer all
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The Family 9 court system. He had a
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The Family 11 Fig.1.1. Family genea
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The Family 13 where they learned La
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Birdwatching 15 even finishing befo
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Birdwatching 17 Fig.1.5. ErnstMayr
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Page 39 and 40: Friendships at School and Universit
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Page 43 and 44: TheInfluenceofTeachers 37 excellent
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122 3 The New York Years (1931-1953
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4 Ornithologist and Zoogeographer B
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142 4 Ornithologist and Zoogeograph
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184 5 Biological Species and Specia
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6 Life in North America during Worl
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244 6 Life in North America during
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Part III Professor of Zoology at Ha
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256 7 The Harvard Years (1953-2005)
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8 Evolutionary Biology— Mayr’s
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268 8 Evolutionary Biology—Mayr
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284 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man his coll
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292 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man His hand
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294 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Prize (1
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296 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man the inte
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298 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man I have s
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300 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Fig.9.4.
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302 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man not mali
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304 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man papers d
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306 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man 2005. Me
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308 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Fig.9.5b
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310 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man health i
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312 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man person a
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314 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man with a r
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316 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man conceptu
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318 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man the two
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10 Systematics and Classification T
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322 10 Systematics and Classificati
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11 History and Philosophy of Biolog
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340 11 History and Philosophy of Bi
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376 12 Summary: Appreciation of Ern
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Acknowledgments Iamdeeplygratefulto
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List of Abbreviations AAAS American
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386 References Beehler BM, Pratt TK
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388 References Cracraft J (2002) Go
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390 References Haffer J (1997a) Ess
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392 References Keast JA (1996) Avia
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394 References Olson SL (1975) The
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396 References Smith JJ (1936) Eric
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398 References Wiglesworth LW (1898
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Appendix 1 Curriculum Vitae (includ
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Appendix 1 403 1978 Prêmio Jabuti,
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Appendix 1 405 Society Offices Linn
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Appendix 2 407 1926c Das Freibrüte
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Appendix 2 409 1932 1932a Birds col
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Appendix 2 411 1936g Melidectes bel
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Appendix 2 413 1941e Birds collecte
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Appendix 2 415 1944f Chromosomes an
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Appendix 2 417 1947g On the correct
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Appendix 2 419 1952e Six new subspe
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Appendix 2 421 1954g The tail molt
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Appendix 2 423 1958c Concluding rem
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Appendix 2 425 in E. Mayr, Evolutio
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Appendix 2 427 1964l Introduction [
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Appendix 2 429 1967d Subfamily Pach
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Appendix 2 431 in Acta Soc. Zool. B
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Appendix 2 433 1974b The diversity
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Appendix 2 435 1976m Evolution and
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Appendix 2 437 Mankind 13:430; P.W.
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Appendix 2 439 (1984) in Queen’s
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Appendix 2 441 1984c Evolution and
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Appendix 2 443 1987b The status of
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Appendix 2 445 1990 1990a The Myth
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Appendix 2 447 1992f Haldane’s Ca
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Appendix 2 449 1995g The search for
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Appendix 2 451 1999 1999a Thoughts
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List of Books by Ernst Mayr 453 200
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Coauthorship 455 Coauthorship In th
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Appendix 3 457 (4) Systematics 1942
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Index Achievements 379 Adaptation 2
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Index 461 Faunas 164-165 Family 8-1
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Index 463 Realism and education 372
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