9. Tribe ANTHEMIDEAE

Synflorescence a broad panicle. Capitula pedunculate, nodding.
Involucre globose or hemispheric, 5–7 mm in diam.; phyllaries
puberulent. Marginal female florets 15–20. Disk florets 80–150,
bisexual. Achenes obovoid or ellipsoid. Fl. and fr. Aug–Oct.
● Hills, outer forest margins; low to middle elevations. SW Henan,
Hubei, S Shaanxi, E Sichuan, N Yunnan.
39. Artemisia caruifolia Buchanan-Hamilton ex Roxburgh, Fl.
Ind., ed. 1832, 3: 422. 1832 [“carnifolia”].
青蒿 qing hao
Herbs, annual or biennial, 30–150 cm, much branched,
glabrous. Basal and lowermost stem leaves usually withering
before anthesis. Middle stem leaves: petiole 5–10 mm; leaf
blade oblong, oblong-ovate, or elliptic, 5–15 × 2–5.5 cm, abaxially
green, 2- or 3-pinnatisect; segments 4–6 pairs, pectinate or
lanceolate; lobules pectinate, acutely or acuminately serrate;
rachis serrate. Uppermost leaves and leaflike bracts 1(or 2)-pinnatisect
and pectinatisect. Synflorescence a moderately broad
panicle. Capitula many; peduncle slender, 2–6 mm, nodding.
Involucre hemispheric, 3.5–7 mm in diam.; phyllaries oblong,
radiately spreading or not, scarious margin yellow. Marginal
female florets 10–20; corolla ca. 1.5 mm. Disk florets 30–40,
bisexual; corolla yellowish, ca. 1.8 mm. Achenes oblong or
ellipsoid, ca. 1 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.
Riverbanks, floodlands, waysides, outer forest margins, canyons,
coastal beaches; low to high elevations. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong,
Guangxi, Guizhou, S Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin,
Liaoning, S Shaanxi, Shandong, E Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [N
India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, N Vietnam].
The epithet of this species has been given both as “caruifolia”
and as “carvifolia” and is based on the similarity of the leaves to those
of Carum carvi Linnaeus (Apiaceae). Both forms are therefore orthographically
correct, depending on whether they are based on the genus
name or the species epithet, and there is no case for regarding either as
an orthographical error. The protologue actually gives the spelling as
“carnifolia.” It seems rather likely that the “n” is an upside-down “u”
and that the correct spelling should be “caruifolia.”
Artemisia caruifolia contains abrotanine used in anti-inflammatory
and antifebrile drugs.
1a. Leaf margins with acuminate teeth;
involucre 3.5–4.5 mm in diam.,
phyllaries erect after anthesis ............... 39a. var. caruifolia
1b. Leaf margins with acute teeth;
involucre 4.5–7 mm in diam.,
phyllaries radiate after anthesis .............. 39b. var. schochii
39a. Artemisia caruifolia var. caruifolia
青蒿(原变种) qing hao (yuan bian zhong)
Artemisia apiacea Hance; A. caruifolia var. apiacea
(Hance) Pampanini; A. thunbergiana Maximowicz.
Middle stem leaves with lobes acuminate-serrate. Involucre
3.5–4.5 mm in diam.; phyllaries not radiate after anthesis.
Moist riverbanks, floodlands, waysides, outer forest margins,
canyons, coastal beaches; low elevations. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong,
ANTHEMIDEAE
691
Guangxi, Guizhou, S Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi,
Jilin, Liaoning, S Shaanxi, Shandong, E Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
[N India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, N Vietnam].
39b. Artemisia caruifolia var. schochii (Mattfeld) Pampanini,
Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34: 649. 1927.
大头青蒿 da tou qing hao
Artemisia schochii Mattfeld, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Veg. 22: 245. 1926; A. apiacea var. schochii (Mattfeld) Handel-
Mazzetti.
Middle stem leaves with lobes acutely serrate. Involucre
4.5–7 mm in diam.; phyllaries radiate and florets deciduous after
anthesis.
● Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi,
Yunnan.
40. Artemisia annua Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 847. 1753.
黄花蒿 huang hua hao
Artemisia annua f. macrocephala Pampanini; A. chamomilla
C. Winkler; A. stewartii C. B. Clarke; A. wadei Edgeworth.
Herbs, annual, 70–160(–200) cm tall, much branched,
sparsely puberulent, soon glabrous, strongly aromatic. Leaves
gland-dotted. Lowermost stem leaves: leaf blade ovate or triangular-ovate,
3–7 × 2–6 cm, 3(or 4)-pinnatipartite; segments 5–
8(–10) pairs. Middle stem leaves: petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade
2(or 3)-pinnatisect or pectinatisect; lobules deeply serrate to
pectinate; teeth triangular, 1–2 × ca. 0.5 mm; rachis narrowly
winged, sparsely serrate or not; midvein prominent adaxially.
Uppermost leaves and leaflike bracts 1(or 2)-pinnatipartite.
Synflorescence a panicle to 15 × 8 cm, produced from most
nodes to form broad, conical compound panicle. Capitula many,
shortly pedunculate, closely subtended by whorl of bracteoles,
nodding. Involucre globose, 1.5–2.5 mm in diam.; phyllaries
broad and scarious, ± glabrous. Marginal female florets 10–18.
Disk florets 10–30, bisexual; corolla dark yellow or yellow.
Achenes ellipsoid-ovoid. Fl. and fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 18.
Hills, waysides, wastelands, outer forest margins, steppes, forest
steppes, dry floodlands, terraces, semidesert steppes, rocky slopes, roadsides,
saline soils; 2000–3700 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong,
Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,
Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong,
Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang
[widely distributed in N Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America].
Artemisia annua contains, among other essential oils, artemisinin
(青蒿素 qing hao su). It is well known in Traditional Chinese Medicine
for its anti-inflammatory, antifebrile, and hemostatic properties,
and artemisinin has become widely valued as an effective treatment
for strains of Plasmodium resistant to other anti-malarial drugs.
41. Artemisia hedinii Ostenfeld in Hedin, S. Tibet 6(3): 41.
1922.
臭蒿 chou hao
Herbs, annual, 15–60(–100) cm tall, purple, capitate