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142<br />
Both mudras and nyasas are external expressions of 'inner<br />
resolve', suggesting that such non-verbal communications are<br />
more powerful than the spoken word. In recent years there has<br />
been a growing awareness of the efficacy of such non-verbal<br />
communication. A group of scientists studying this form of<br />
communication has established that there appears to be an<br />
'alphabet' of gestures, postures, body movements which express<br />
much more than words can convey. A recent study by the<br />
psychologist Albert Mehrabian based on extensive laboratory<br />
measurement of the communication between two persons,<br />
concluded that 'only 7% of the message's effect is carried by<br />
words, while 93% of the total impact reaches the "listener"<br />
through non-verbal means. . . . Feelings are conveyed mainly by<br />
non-verbal behaviour.' 33<br />
Bhuta-suddhi<br />
Like nyasa and mudra, the ritual of bhuta-suddhi, the 'purification<br />
of the elements', is a great aid to the mental process of<br />
identification. Performed prior to all tantric worship, the ritual<br />
consists of a gradual dissolution of each of the five grosser elements<br />
of which the body is composed into ultra-subtle primordial<br />
sources. The ritual is carried out by reciting appropriate mantras:<br />
'Om hrim prthivyai [earth element] hum phat'; 'Om hrim<br />
adbhyah [water element] hum phat'; 'Om hrim tejase [fire<br />
element] hum phat'; 'Om hrim vayave [air element] hum phat';<br />
'Om hrim akasaya [ether element] hum phat.' These mantras act<br />
on the mind of the adept until the material body is purified,<br />
dissolving it mentally step by step. In the various parts of the<br />
adept's body exist all the elements and cosmic principles.<br />
According to the Laksmi Tantra:<br />
The place of the earth [element] is considered to be up to the waist; the<br />
place of the fire [element] is up to the heart. The place of the ether<br />
[element] is up to the ears. The place of ahamkara is up to the hole [the<br />
cavity of the mouth or the fontanelle, the hole on the crown of the head].<br />
The place of mahat is up to the brows, and in the space [above the head] is<br />
said to be the place of the absolute. 34<br />
The earth element of the body is dissolved by that of water,<br />
water by fire, fire by air, air by ether. Ether, finally, is absorbed<br />
into the subtle principles until the source of all is reached. By the<br />
dissolution of the five gross elements (maha-bhutas), together with<br />
the subtle principles (tanmatras) and all the organs of senses and