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Cosmographical scheme showing<br />
Jambu-dvipa, the island continent,<br />
at the centre. Rajasthan, c. 18th<br />
century. Gouache on cloth.<br />
74<br />
Cosmograms, in contrast to psychograms, are characteristically<br />
outward-directed. They are more like charts mapping natural<br />
phenomena, arising from the basic impulse to codify external<br />
reality. Just as in contemporary art space, time, light and motion<br />
have been directly influenced by modern scientific discoveries such<br />
as Einstein's theory of relativity or Minkovsky's non-Euclidean<br />
ideas, and other discoveries in nuclear physics, so in the same way<br />
tantric cosmograms are primarily interpretations of a reality<br />
complex based on scientific norms. On the other hand, a<br />
psychogram is inward-directed: through it the adept seeks to find a<br />
unification of the self through a symbolic visual mode (yantra,
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