FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes Western

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856 Shrimps and Prawns Guide to Major Groups GUIDE TO THE MAJOR GROUPS OF SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS OCCURRING IN THE AREA SERGESTOIDEA Page 858 Sergestoid shrimps Usually small to microscopic, body strongly compressed laterally, shell rather soft; rostrum and last 2 pairs of legs (pereiopods) reduced (absent in Luciferidae); abdomen with posterior part of pleura (lateral plates) covering anterior part of succeeding pleura; males with large copulatory organ (petasma) on first pair of pleopods (abdominal appendages); generally pelagic, with eggs released directly into the water (eggs carried on second pair of legs in Luciferidae). PENAEOIDEA Page 866 Penaeoid shrimps Small to large; all 5 pairs of legs (pereiopods) well developed, with first 3 pairs forming a pincer, none of the pincers particularly large; abdomen with posterior part of pleura (or lateral plates) covering anterior part of succeeding pleura; with large specific copulatory organ on first pair of pleopods (abdominal appendages) in males (petasma), and on posterior thoracic sternites in females (thelycum); eggs released directly into the water, not retained by the females. STENOPODIDEA Page 955 Stenopodid shrimps Usually small; all 5 pairs of legs (pereiopods) well developed, with first 3 pairs forming a pincer, third pair huge and massive; abdomen with posterior part of pleura (lateral plates) covering anterior part of succeeding pleura; males and females without large specific copulatory organ on first pair of pleopods (abdominal appendages) or posterior thoracic sternites, respectively; females carry the eggs on the abdomen until hatching. CARIDEA Page 957 Caridean shrimps Size very small to large; all 5 pairs of legs (pereiopods) well developed, the first 2 pairs with or without pincer, but third pair never bearing a pincer; second abdominal pleuron (lateral plate) greatly expanded, pear-shaped and overlapping posterior part of first pleuron and anterior part of third pleuron; males and females without large specific copulatory organ on first pair of pleopods (abdominal appendages) or posterior thoracic sternites, respectively; females carry the eggs on the abdomen until hatching. 3 rd maxilliped 2 first 3 legs with pincers 1 2 3 3 no pincer 1 2 3 1 rostrum short or absent Sergestoidea 4 Penaeoidea 1 2 Stenopodidea 4 5 4 5 2 nd pleuron not expanded anteriorly 5 2 nd pleuron pear-shaped females carry eggs on abdomen Caridea 3 rd leg enlarged 2 nd pleuron not expanded anteriorly females carry eggs on abdomen 3
List of Families 857 List of Families LIST OF FAMILIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA The symbol is given for those families which are treated further in this contribution. Infraorder PENAEIDEA Superfamily SERGESTOIDEA LUCIFERIDAE SERGESTIDAE Superfamily PENAEOIDEA ARISTEIDAE SOLENOCERIDAE PENAEIDAE SICYONIIDAE Infraorder STENOPODIDEA STENOPODIDAE Infraorder Caridea Superfamily PASIPHAEOIDEA PASIPHAEIDAE Superfamily OPLOPHORIDEA OPLOPHORIDAE Superfamily ATYOIDEA ATYIDAE Superfamily BRESILIOIDEA BRESILIIDAE Superfamily NEMATOCARCINOIDEA EUGONATONOTIDAE NEMATOCARCINIDAE RHYNCHOCINETIDAE Superfamily PSALIDOPODOIDEA PSALIDOPODIDAE Superfamily STYLODACTYLOIDEA STYLODACTYLIDAE Superfamily CAMPYLONOTIDEA BATHYPALAEMONELLIDAE Superfamily PALAEMONOIDEA ANCHISTIOIDIDAE GNATHOPHYLLIDAE HYMENOCERIDAE PALAEMONIDAE Superfamily ALPHEOIDEA ALPHEIDAE HIPPOLYTIDAE OGYRIDIDAE Superfamily PROCESSOIDEA PROCESSIDAE Superfamily PANDALOIDEA PANDALIDAE THALASSOCARIDIDAE Superfamily CRANGONOIDEA CRANGONIDAE GLYPHOCRANGONIDAE
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click for previous page iv Table of
Page 3 and 4:
vi Page Brachaeluridae . . . . . .
Page 5 and 6:
688 Cephalopods Introduction and Ge
Page 7 and 8:
690 Cephalopods Principal PRINCIPAL
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692 Cephalopods To examine the cont
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694 Cephalopods Chitin(ous) - a hor
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696 Cephalopods Ink sac - the struc
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698 Cephalopods Spermatophore groov
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700 Cephalopods 6a. Fins small and
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702 Cephalopods 15a. Surface of man
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704 Cephalopods 23a. Arms short, ty
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706 Cephalopods Order SEPIIDA - Cut
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708 Cephalopods List of Familes LIS
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710 Cephalopods Key to the species
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712 Cephalopods Sepiolidae SEPIOLID
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714 Cephalopods Eupryma morsei (Ver
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716 Cephalopods Rossia bipapillata
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718 Cephalopods Sepiolina nipponens
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720 Cephalopods Sepiadarium kochii
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722 Cephalopods Spirulidae SPIRULID
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724 Cephalopods anterior last locul
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726 Cephalopods it may be necessary
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728 Cephalopods 4a. Five to 6 wine-
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730 Cephalopods 11a. Tentacular clu
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732 Cephalopods 23a. Hectocotylus w
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734 Cephalopods List of species occ
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736 Cephalopods Sepiidae Sepia acul
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click for previous page 738 Cephalo
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740 Cephalopods Sepia brevimana Ste
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742 Cephalopods Sepia esculenta Hoy
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744 Cephalopods Sepia latimanus Quo
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746 Cephalopods Sepia opipara (Ired
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748 Cephalopods Sepia pharaonis Ehr
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752 Cephalopods Sepia rozella (Ired
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754 Cephalopods Sepia stellifera Ho
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756 Cephalopods Sepiella inermis F
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758 Cephalopods Sepia bartletti (Ir
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760 Cephalopods Sepia mestus Gray,
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762 Cephalopods Sepia vossi Khromov
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766 Cephalopods Loligo reesi (Voss,
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768 Cephalopods 6a. Gladius relativ
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770 Cephalopods ventral view Fig. 1
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772 Cephalopods Nipponololigo beka
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774 Cephalopods “Photololigo chin
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776 Cephalopods “Photololigo edul
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778 Cephalopods “Sepioteuthis les
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780 Cephalopods Loliolus affinis St
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782 Cephalopods Similar families oc
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784 Cephalopods Onychoteuthidae ONY
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786 Cephalopods List of species occ
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790 Cephalopods 4a. Mantle very sle
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792 Cephalopods Nototodarus hawaiie
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794 Cephalopods Sthenoteuthis ouala
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796 Cephalopods Todaropsis eblanae
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798 Cephalopods Chiroteuthidae CHIR
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802 Cephalopods Ocythoidae (suborde
Page 121 and 122: 804 Cephalopods 5a. Distinctly elon
Page 123 and 124: 806 Cephalopods 14a. Small, elongat
Page 125 and 126: 808 Cephalopods 22a. Pale longitudi
Page 127 and 128: 810 Cephalopods Cistopus indicus (R
Page 129 and 130: 812 Cephalopods Octopus cyanea Gray
Page 131 and 132: 814 Cephalopods Octopus cf. luteus
Page 133 and 134: 816 Cephalopods Octopus nocturnus N
Page 135 and 136: 818 Cephalopods Octopus tetricus Go
Page 137 and 138: 820 Cephalopods Ameloctopus litoral
Page 139 and 140: 822 Cephalopods Octopus abaculus No
Page 141 and 142: 824 Cephalopods Octopus australis H
Page 143 and 144: 826 Cephalopods Octopus polyzenia G
Page 145 and 146: 828 Stomatopods Technical Terms and
Page 147 and 148: 830 Stomatopods propodus of HARPIOS
Page 149 and 150: 832 Stomatopods ODONTODACTYLIDAE Od
Page 151 and 152: 834 Stomatopods Odontodactylus scyl
Page 153 and 154: 836 Stomatopods 2a. Antennal protop
Page 155 and 156: 838 Stomatopods Harpiosquillidae HA
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Page 159 and 160: 842 Stomatopods Squillidae SQUILLID
Page 161 and 162: 844 Stomatopods 7a. Dorsal surface
Page 163 and 164: 846 Stomatopods Cloridopsis scorpio
Page 165 and 166: 848 Stomatopods Oratosquillina grav
Page 167 and 168: click for previous page SHRIMPS AND
Page 169 and 170: Technical Terms and Measurements 85
Page 171: General Remarks 855 The terms “sh
Page 175 and 176: Infraorder Penaeidae, Superfamily S
Page 177 and 178: Sergestidae 861 6a. Lower antennula
Page 179 and 180: Sergestidae 863 Acetes intermedius
Page 181 and 182: Sergestidae 865 Acetes vulgaris Han
Page 183 and 184: Superfamily Penaeoidea 867 Caridea:
Page 185 and 186: Aristeidae 869 Similar families occ
Page 187 and 188: Aristeidae 871 List of species occu
Page 189 and 190: Aristeidae 873 Aristeus virilis (Ba
Page 191 and 192: Solenoceridae 875 Solenoceridae SOL
Page 193 and 194: Solenoceridae 877 Stenopodidae: thi
Page 195 and 196: Solenoceridae 879 9a. Anterior end
Page 197 and 198: Solenoceridae 881 Haliporoides sibo
Page 199 and 200: Solenoceridae 883 Solenocera crassi
Page 201 and 202: Solenoceridae 885 Solenocera alfons
Page 203 and 204: Solenoceridae 887 Solenocera koelbe
Page 205 and 206: click for previous page Penaeidae 8
Page 207 and 208: Penaeidae 891 Sergestidae: size sma
Page 209 and 210: Penaeidae 893 9a. Carapace without
Page 211 and 212: Penaeidae 895 2a. Rostrum armed wit
Page 213 and 214: Penaeidae 897 17a. In males, basial
Page 215 and 216: Penaeidae 899 5a. Epigastric spine
Page 217 and 218: Penaeidae 901 2a. In males, petasma
Page 219 and 220: Penaeidae 903 9a. Adrostral crest e
Page 221 and 222: Penaeidae 905 Metapenaeopsis mannar
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click for previous page Penaeidae 9
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Penaeidae 909 Metapenaeus anchistus
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Penaeidae 911 Metapenaeus intermedi
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Penaeidae 913 Parapenaeopsis hardwi
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Penaeidae 915 Penaeus esculentus Ha
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Penaeidae 917 Penaeus japonicus Bat
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Penaeidae 919 Penaeus longistylus K
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Penaeidae 921 Penaeus merguiensis D
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Penaeidae 923 Penaeus penicillatus
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Penaeidae 925 Penaeus semisulcatus
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Penaeidae 927 Trachypenaeus curviro
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Penaeidae 929 Atypopenaeus formosus
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Penaeidae 931 Metapenaeopsis novaeg
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Penaeidae 933 Metapenaeopsis wellsi
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Penaeidae 935 Metapenaeus conjunctu
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Penaeidae 937 Metapenaeus eboracens
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Penaeidae 939 Metapenaeus lysianass
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click for previous page Penaeidae 9
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Penaeidae 943 Parapenaeopsis gracil
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Penaeidae 945 Parapenaeopsis tenell
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Penaeidae 947 Parapenaeus longipes
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Penaeidae 949 Trachypenaeus gonospi
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Penaeidae 951 Trachypenaeus villalu
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Sicyoniidae 953 Solenoceridae: body
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Stenopodidae 955 Stenopodidae Infra
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Infraorder Caridea 957 Infraorder C
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Infraorder Caridea 959 Superfamily
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Atyidae/Hippolytidae 961 Caridina w
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Hymenoceridae 963 Hymenoceridae HYM
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Palaemonidae 965 Exopalaemon stylif
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click for previous page Palaemonida
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Palaemonidae/Pandalidae 969 Palaemo
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Rhynchocinetidae 971 Rhynchocinetid
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974 Lobsters Technical Terms and Me
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976 Lobsters General Remarks GENERA
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978 Lobsters ENOPLOMETOPIDAE Page 9
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980 Lobsters List of FamiliesLIST a
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click for previous page 982 Lobster
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984 Lobsters Palinuridae: carapace
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986 Lobsters 6a. Abdomen smooth, wi
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988 Lobsters Acanthacaris tenuimana
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990 Lobsters Metanephrops thomsoni
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992 Lobsters Metanephrops andamanic
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994 Lobsters Metanephrops velutinus
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996 Lobsters Similar families occur
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998 Lobsters 3a. Carapace with 5 me
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1000 Lobsters Enoplometopus holthui
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1002 Lobsters Enoplometopidae: body
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1004 Lobsters Palibythus magnificus
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1006 Lobsters gonopore female leg 1
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1008 Lobsters Synaxidae: body very
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1010 Lobsters Key to the species of
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1012 Lobsters Key to the species of
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1014 Lobsters 8a. Antennular plate
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1016 Lobsters Panulirus homarus (Li
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1018 Lobsters Panulirus ornatus (Fa
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1020 Lobsters Panulirus polyphagus
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1022 Lobsters Justitia chani Poupin
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1024 Lobsters Linuparus sordidus Br
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1026 Lobsters Panulirus pascuensis
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click for previous page 1028 Lobste
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1030 Lobsters 5a. Medium size (adul
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1032 Lobsters 2a. Articulated parts
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1034 Lobsters Ibacus ciliatus (Von
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1036 Lobsters Ibacus pubescens Holt
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click for previous page 1038 Lobste
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1040 Lobsters Thenus orientalis (Lu
Page 357 and 358:
1042 Lobsters Parribacus holthuisi
Page 359 and 360:
click for previous page CRABS by P.
Page 361 and 362:
Technical Terms and Measurements 10
Page 363 and 364:
General Remarks 1049 Poisonous Crab
Page 365 and 366:
General Remarks 1051 Adult male and
Page 367 and 368:
General Remarks 1053 longitudinally
Page 369 and 370:
Imported Crabs of Commercial Import
Page 371 and 372:
Guide to Families 1057 CALAPPIDAE P
Page 373 and 374:
Guide to Families 1059 PORTUNIDAE P
Page 375 and 376:
Guide to Families/Key to Brachyura
Page 377 and 378:
Key to Brachyura 1063 Fig. 9 Cyclod
Page 379 and 380:
Key to Brachyura 1065 13a. Opening
Page 381 and 382:
Key to Brachyura 1067 18a. Antennae
Page 383 and 384:
Key to Brachyura 1069 Fig. 46 Atele
Page 385 and 386:
Key to Brachyura 1071 30a. Last pai
Page 387 and 388:
Key to Brachyura 1073 strongly recu
Page 389 and 390:
Key to Brachyura 1075 42a. Longitud
Page 391 and 392:
Key to Anomura 1077 48a. Male first
Page 393 and 394:
Key to Anomura 1079 a) Fig. 103 Coe
Page 395 and 396:
List of Families 1081 * CHEIRAGONID
Page 397 and 398:
click for previous page Infraorder
Page 399 and 400:
Dromiidae 1085 Dromiidae DROMIIDAE
Page 401 and 402:
Dromiidae 1087 Dromia dormia (Linna
Page 403 and 404:
Raninidae 1089 Raninidae RANINIDAE
Page 405 and 406:
Calappidae 1091 Calappidae CALAPPID
Page 407 and 408:
Calappidae 1093 3a. Entire posterio
Page 409 and 410:
Calappidae 1095 Matuta victor (Fabr
Page 411 and 412:
Calappidae 1097 Calappa hepatica (L
Page 413 and 414:
Xanthidae 1099 Key to species of in
Page 415 and 416:
Xanthidae 1101 Etisus splendidus Ra
Page 417 and 418:
click for previous page Eriphiidae
Page 419 and 420:
Eriphiidae 1105 6a. Dorsal surface
Page 421 and 422:
Eriphiidae 1107 Menippe rumphii (Fa
Page 423 and 424:
Eriphiidae 1109 Myomenippe fornasin
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Carpiliidae 1111 Carpilius convexus
Page 427 and 428:
Pilumnidae 1113 A single species of
Page 429 and 430:
click for previous page Portunidae
Page 431 and 432:
Portunidae 1117 6a. Posterior borde
Page 433 and 434:
Portunidae 1119 16a. Carapace with
Page 435 and 436:
Portunidae 1121 Charybdis japonica
Page 437 and 438:
Portunidae 1123 Podophthalmus vigil
Page 439 and 440:
Portunidae 1125 Portunus sanguinole
Page 441 and 442:
Portunidae 1127 The differences in
Page 443 and 444:
Portunidae 1129 Thalamita crenata (
Page 445 and 446:
Portunidae 1131 Charybdis annulata
Page 447 and 448:
Geryonidae 1133 3a. Anterolateral m
Page 449 and 450:
Geryonidae 1135 Chaceon australis M
Page 451 and 452:
Majidae 1137 Schizophrys aspera (H.
Page 453 and 454:
Grapsidae 1139 2a. Carapace squaris
Page 455 and 456:
Grapsidae 1141 Key to food species
Page 457 and 458:
Grapsidae 1143 Episesarma versicolo
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Grapsidae 1145 Episesarma chengtong
Page 461 and 462:
click for previous page Gecarcinida
Page 463 and 464:
Gecarcinidae 1149 Cardisoma carnife
Page 465 and 466:
Gecarcinidae 1151 Cardisoma hirtipe
Page 467 and 468:
Ocypodidae 1153 Ocypode ceratophtha
Page 469 and 470:
Infraorder Anomura - Coenobitidae 1
Page 471 and 472:
1158 Holothurians General Remarks G
Page 473 and 474:
1160 Holothurians dentritic peltate
Page 475 and 476:
1162 Holothurians oral tentacles ge
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1164 Holothurians Interradii (or in
Page 479 and 480:
1166 Holothurians 11a. Tables with
Page 481 and 482:
1168 Holothurians Actinopyga maurit
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1170 Holothurians Actinopyga palaue
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1172 Holothurians Bohadschia argus
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1174 Holothurians Bohadschia vitien
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1176 Holothurians Holothuria (Halod
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1178 Holothurians Holothuria (Merte
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1180 Holothurians Holothuria (Metri
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1182 Holothurians Holothuria (Micro
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1184 Holothurians Pearsonothuria gr
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1186 Holothurians Stichopus chloron
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1188 Holothurians Stichopus variega
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1190 Holothurians Thelenota anax Cl
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1192 Hagfishes MYXINIDAE Hagfishes
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1194 Sharks Technical Terms and Mea
Page 509 and 510:
1196 Sharks General Remarks GENERAL
Page 511 and 512:
1198 Sharks Key to Families KEY TO
Page 513 and 514:
1200 Sharks 12a. No lobe and groove
Page 515 and 516:
1202 Sharks 21a. First dorsal fin l
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1204 Sharks PRISTIOPHORIDAE: Sawsha
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1206 Sharks PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE: False
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click for previous page 1208 Sharks
Page 523 and 524:
1210 Sharks Heptranchias perlo (Bon
Page 525 and 526:
1212 Sharks Key to the species of E
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1214 Sharks Squatinidae: trunk much
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1216 Sharks 11a. Diagonal distance
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1218 Sharks 20a. Upper teeth relati
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1220 Sharks 29a. Denticles on sides
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1222 Sharks Etmopterus molleri Whi
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1224 Sharks Centrophorus niaukang T
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1226 Sharks Etmopterus brachyurus S
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1228 Sharks Euprotomicrus bispinatu
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1230 Sharks Squalus megalops (Macle
Page 545 and 546:
1232 Sharks Squalus sp. F [Last and
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1234 Sharks Key to the species of P
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1236 Sharks Rays (Batoidea): pector
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1238 Sharks HETERODONTIDAE Bullhead
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1240 Sharks Heterodontus galeatus (
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1242 Sharks List of species occurri
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1244 Sharks Key to the species of B
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1246 Sharks Similar families occurr
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1248 Sharks Orectolobus ornatus (de
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1250 Sharks Ginglymostomatidae: pre
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1252 Sharks 7a. Black spot behind g
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1254 Sharks Chiloscyllium hasselti
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1256 Sharks Chiloscyllium plagiosum
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1258 Sharks Hemiscyllium freycineti
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1260 Sharks GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE Nurs
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1262 Sharks A single species in thi
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1264 Sharks Odontaspididae ODONTASP
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1266 Sharks Carcharias taurus Rafin
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1270 Sharks Key to the species of A
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1272 Sharks Alopias superciliosus (
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1274 Sharks LAMNIDAE Mackerel shark
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1276 Sharks Carcharodon carcharias
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1278 Sharks Isurus paucus Guitart M
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1280 Sharks Key to the species of S
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1282 Sharks 13a. Pectoral fin broad
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1284 Sharks 25a. Labial furrows ver
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1286 Sharks Apristurus herklotsi (F
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1288 Sharks Atelomycterus macleayi
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1290 Sharks Galeus gracilis Compagn
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1292 Sharks Scyliorhinus garmani (F
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1294 Sharks Triakidae: no gill rake
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1298 Sharks Proscylliidae: gill rak
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1300 Sharks 9a. Snout bluntly round
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1302 Sharks Galeorhinus galeus (Lin
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1304 Sharks Mustelus antarcticus G
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1306 Sharks Similar families occurr
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1308 Sharks Chaenogaleus macrostoma
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1310 Sharks Hemipristis elongatus (
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click for previous page 1312 Sharks
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1314 Sharks Odontaspididae: fifth g
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1316 Sharks 6a. Second dorsal-fin o
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1318 Sharks 12a. Head very flat and
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1320 Sharks 22a. Second dorsal fin
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1322 Sharks 30a. Usually 11 lower a
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1324 Sharks List of species occurri
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1326 Sharks Carcharhinus altimus (S
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1328 Sharks Carcharhinus amblyrhync
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1330 Sharks Carcharhinus borneensis
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1332 Sharks Carcharhinus brevipinna
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1334 Sharks Carcharhinus dussumieri
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1336 Sharks Carcharhinus fitzroyens
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1338 Sharks Carcharhinus hemiodon (
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1340 Sharks Carcharhinus limbatus (
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1342 Sharks Carcharhinus macloti (M
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1344 Sharks Carcharhinus obscurus (
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1346 Sharks Carcharhinus sealei (Pi
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1348 Sharks Carcharhinus tilstoni (
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1350 Sharks Lamiopsis temmincki (M
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1352 Sharks Negaprion acutidens (R
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1354 Sharks Rhizoprionodon acutus (
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1356 Sharks Rhizoprionodon taylori
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1358 Sharks Triaenodon obesus (Rüp
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1360 Sharks Glyphis sp. B En - Born
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1362 Sharks 2a. Anterior margin of
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1364 Sharks Sphyrna lewini (Griffit
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1366 Sharks Sphyrna zygaena (Linnae
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1368 The Living Marine Resources of
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FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE FO
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Carpenter, K.E.; Niem, V.H. (eds) F
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FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes Western

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