FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes Western

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958 Shrimps and Prawns (particularly those of the genus Heterocarpus), are large in size and are often caught in great numbers during exploratory trawling operations. They are generally considered to have commercial potential with the development of a future deep-sea fishery in the area. Finally, it should be mentioned that some coral reef carideans (mainly members of the families Alpheidae, Gnathophyllidae, Hippolytidae, Hymenoceridae, Palaemonidae, and Rhynchocinetidae) have an attractive coloration and can be sporadically found in the aquarium trade, where those uncommon species often command a high price. Nevertheless, their supply are usually unstable and they are commercially much less important as marine coral fishes. There<strong>for</strong>e, individual identification sheets are provided here <strong>for</strong> several selected species only, as representatives of the infraorder in the area. For keys to the families and genera of carideans, users may consult L.B. Holthuis (1993), “The recent genera of the Caridean and Stenopodidean shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda): with an appendix on the order Amphionidacea, C.H.J.M. Fransen and C. van Achterberg (eds), Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden.” For the identification of species, users may refer to the keys published by F.A. Chace, Jr (1976-1997: Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 222, 277, 381, 384, 397, 411, 432, 466, 543, 587), or are encouraged to send the sample(s) to the author of the present contribution. Other major groups of shrimps and prawns occurring in the area Sergestoidea: last 2 pairs of legs reduced or absent; anterior part of second abdominal pleuron not overlapping first abdominal pleuron; males with large copulatory organ on first pair of pleopods; eggs usually released directly into water, not retained by the female. Penaeoidea: third leg with pincer; anterior part of second abdominal pleuron not overlapping first abdominal pleuron; with large copulatory organ, on first pair of pleopods in males, and on posterior thoracic sternites in females; eggs released directly into water, not retained by the female. 3 Stenopodidea: third leg bearing a very large pincer; anterior part of second abdominal pleuron not overlapping first abdominal pleuron. rd 2 3 maxilliped 1 2 3 4 5 2 (after Liu, 1955) nd pleuron pincer not expanded anteriorly Penaeoidea List of families and species treated in this contribution The symbol is given when species accounts are included. Infraorder CARIDEA Superfamily PASIPHAEOIDEA PASIPHAEIDAE Superfamily OPLOPHORIDEA OPLOPHORIDAE Superfamily ATYOIDEA ATYIDAE Atyopsis moluccensis (De Haan, 1849) Atyopsis spinipes (Newport, 1847) Caridina weberi De Man, 1892 1 1 rostrum short or absent Sergestoidea 3 4 2 Stenopodidea 5 3 rd leg enlarged
Infraorder Caridea 959 Superfamily BRESILIOIDEA BRESILIIDAE Superfamily NEMATOCARCINOIDEA EUGONATONOTIDAE NEMATOCARCINIDAE RHYNCHOCINETIDAE Rhynchocinetes durbanensis Gordon, 1936 Superfamily PSALIDOPODOIDEA PSALIDOPODIDAE Superfamily STYLODACTYLOIDEA STYLODACTYLIDAE Superfamily CAMPYLONOTIDEA BATHYPALAEMONELLIDAE Superfamily PALAEMONOIDEA ANCHISTIOIDIDAE GNATHOPHYLLIDAE HYMENOCERIDAE Hymenocera picta Dana, 1852 PALAEMONIDAE Exopalaemon styliferus (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) Exopalaemon vietnamicus Nguyên, 1992 Leandrites indicus Holthuis, 1950 Leptocarpus potamiscus (Kemp, 1917) Macrobrachium equidens (Dana, 1852) Macrobrachium lar (Fabricius, 1798) Macrobrachium mirabile (Kemp, 1917) Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) Nematopalaemon tenuipes (Henderson, 1893) Palaemon concinnus Dana, 1852 Superfamily ALPHEOIDEA ALPHEIDAE HIPPOLYTIDAE Lysmata amboinensis (De Man, 1888) Lysmata debelius Bruce, 1983 Saron neglectus De Man, 1902 OGYRIDIDAE Superfamily PROCESSOIDEA PROCESSIDAE Superfamily PANDALOIDEA PANDALIDAE Heterocarpus hayashii Crosnier, 1988 Heterocarpus parvispina De Man, 1917 Heterocarpus sibogae De Man, 1917 THALASSOCARIDIDAE Superfamily CRANGONOIDEA CRANGONIDAE GLYPHOCRANGONIDAE
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click for previous page iv Table of
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vi Page Brachaeluridae . . . . . .
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688 Cephalopods Introduction and Ge
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690 Cephalopods Principal PRINCIPAL
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692 Cephalopods To examine the cont
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694 Cephalopods Chitin(ous) - a hor
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696 Cephalopods Ink sac - the struc
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698 Cephalopods Spermatophore groov
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700 Cephalopods 6a. Fins small and
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702 Cephalopods 15a. Surface of man
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704 Cephalopods 23a. Arms short, ty
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706 Cephalopods Order SEPIIDA - Cut
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708 Cephalopods List of Familes LIS
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710 Cephalopods Key to the species
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712 Cephalopods Sepiolidae SEPIOLID
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714 Cephalopods Eupryma morsei (Ver
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716 Cephalopods Rossia bipapillata
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718 Cephalopods Sepiolina nipponens
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720 Cephalopods Sepiadarium kochii
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722 Cephalopods Spirulidae SPIRULID
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724 Cephalopods anterior last locul
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726 Cephalopods it may be necessary
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728 Cephalopods 4a. Five to 6 wine-
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730 Cephalopods 11a. Tentacular clu
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732 Cephalopods 23a. Hectocotylus w
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734 Cephalopods List of species occ
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736 Cephalopods Sepiidae Sepia acul
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click for previous page 738 Cephalo
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740 Cephalopods Sepia brevimana Ste
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742 Cephalopods Sepia esculenta Hoy
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744 Cephalopods Sepia latimanus Quo
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746 Cephalopods Sepia opipara (Ired
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748 Cephalopods Sepia pharaonis Ehr
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752 Cephalopods Sepia rozella (Ired
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754 Cephalopods Sepia stellifera Ho
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756 Cephalopods Sepiella inermis F
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758 Cephalopods Sepia bartletti (Ir
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760 Cephalopods Sepia mestus Gray,
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762 Cephalopods Sepia vossi Khromov
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766 Cephalopods Loligo reesi (Voss,
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768 Cephalopods 6a. Gladius relativ
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770 Cephalopods ventral view Fig. 1
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772 Cephalopods Nipponololigo beka
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774 Cephalopods “Photololigo chin
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776 Cephalopods “Photololigo edul
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778 Cephalopods “Sepioteuthis les
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780 Cephalopods Loliolus affinis St
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782 Cephalopods Similar families oc
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784 Cephalopods Onychoteuthidae ONY
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786 Cephalopods List of species occ
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790 Cephalopods 4a. Mantle very sle
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792 Cephalopods Nototodarus hawaiie
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794 Cephalopods Sthenoteuthis ouala
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796 Cephalopods Todaropsis eblanae
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798 Cephalopods Chiroteuthidae CHIR
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802 Cephalopods Ocythoidae (suborde
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804 Cephalopods 5a. Distinctly elon
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806 Cephalopods 14a. Small, elongat
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808 Cephalopods 22a. Pale longitudi
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810 Cephalopods Cistopus indicus (R
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812 Cephalopods Octopus cyanea Gray
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814 Cephalopods Octopus cf. luteus
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816 Cephalopods Octopus nocturnus N
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818 Cephalopods Octopus tetricus Go
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820 Cephalopods Ameloctopus litoral
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822 Cephalopods Octopus abaculus No
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824 Cephalopods Octopus australis H
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826 Cephalopods Octopus polyzenia G
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828 Stomatopods Technical Terms and
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830 Stomatopods propodus of HARPIOS
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832 Stomatopods ODONTODACTYLIDAE Od
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834 Stomatopods Odontodactylus scyl
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836 Stomatopods 2a. Antennal protop
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838 Stomatopods Harpiosquillidae HA
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840 Stomatopods 8a. Rostral plate l
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842 Stomatopods Squillidae SQUILLID
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844 Stomatopods 7a. Dorsal surface
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846 Stomatopods Cloridopsis scorpio
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848 Stomatopods Oratosquillina grav
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click for previous page SHRIMPS AND
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Technical Terms and Measurements 85
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General Remarks 855 The terms “sh
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List of Families 857 List of Famili
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Infraorder Penaeidae, Superfamily S
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Sergestidae 861 6a. Lower antennula
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Sergestidae 863 Acetes intermedius
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Sergestidae 865 Acetes vulgaris Han
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Superfamily Penaeoidea 867 Caridea:
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Aristeidae 869 Similar families occ
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Aristeidae 871 List of species occu
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Aristeidae 873 Aristeus virilis (Ba
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Solenoceridae 875 Solenoceridae SOL
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Solenoceridae 877 Stenopodidae: thi
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Solenoceridae 879 9a. Anterior end
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Solenoceridae 881 Haliporoides sibo
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Solenoceridae 883 Solenocera crassi
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Solenoceridae 885 Solenocera alfons
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Solenoceridae 887 Solenocera koelbe
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click for previous page Penaeidae 8
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Penaeidae 891 Sergestidae: size sma
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Penaeidae 893 9a. Carapace without
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Penaeidae 895 2a. Rostrum armed wit
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Penaeidae 897 17a. In males, basial
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Penaeidae 899 5a. Epigastric spine
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Penaeidae 901 2a. In males, petasma
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Penaeidae 903 9a. Adrostral crest e
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Penaeidae 905 Metapenaeopsis mannar
Page 223 and 224: click for previous page Penaeidae 9
Page 225 and 226: Penaeidae 909 Metapenaeus anchistus
Page 227 and 228: Penaeidae 911 Metapenaeus intermedi
Page 229 and 230: Penaeidae 913 Parapenaeopsis hardwi
Page 231 and 232: Penaeidae 915 Penaeus esculentus Ha
Page 233 and 234: Penaeidae 917 Penaeus japonicus Bat
Page 235 and 236: Penaeidae 919 Penaeus longistylus K
Page 237 and 238: Penaeidae 921 Penaeus merguiensis D
Page 239 and 240: Penaeidae 923 Penaeus penicillatus
Page 241 and 242: Penaeidae 925 Penaeus semisulcatus
Page 243 and 244: Penaeidae 927 Trachypenaeus curviro
Page 245 and 246: Penaeidae 929 Atypopenaeus formosus
Page 247 and 248: Penaeidae 931 Metapenaeopsis novaeg
Page 249 and 250: Penaeidae 933 Metapenaeopsis wellsi
Page 251 and 252: Penaeidae 935 Metapenaeus conjunctu
Page 253 and 254: Penaeidae 937 Metapenaeus eboracens
Page 255 and 256: Penaeidae 939 Metapenaeus lysianass
Page 257 and 258: click for previous page Penaeidae 9
Page 259 and 260: Penaeidae 943 Parapenaeopsis gracil
Page 261 and 262: Penaeidae 945 Parapenaeopsis tenell
Page 263 and 264: Penaeidae 947 Parapenaeus longipes
Page 265 and 266: Penaeidae 949 Trachypenaeus gonospi
Page 267 and 268: Penaeidae 951 Trachypenaeus villalu
Page 269 and 270: Sicyoniidae 953 Solenoceridae: body
Page 271 and 272: Stenopodidae 955 Stenopodidae Infra
Page 273: Infraorder Caridea 957 Infraorder C
Page 277 and 278: Atyidae/Hippolytidae 961 Caridina w
Page 279 and 280: Hymenoceridae 963 Hymenoceridae HYM
Page 281 and 282: Palaemonidae 965 Exopalaemon stylif
Page 283 and 284: click for previous page Palaemonida
Page 285 and 286: Palaemonidae/Pandalidae 969 Palaemo
Page 287 and 288: Rhynchocinetidae 971 Rhynchocinetid
Page 289 and 290: 974 Lobsters Technical Terms and Me
Page 291 and 292: 976 Lobsters General Remarks GENERA
Page 293 and 294: 978 Lobsters ENOPLOMETOPIDAE Page 9
Page 295 and 296: 980 Lobsters List of FamiliesLIST a
Page 297 and 298: click for previous page 982 Lobster
Page 299 and 300: 984 Lobsters Palinuridae: carapace
Page 301 and 302: 986 Lobsters 6a. Abdomen smooth, wi
Page 303 and 304: 988 Lobsters Acanthacaris tenuimana
Page 305 and 306: 990 Lobsters Metanephrops thomsoni
Page 307 and 308: 992 Lobsters Metanephrops andamanic
Page 309 and 310: 994 Lobsters Metanephrops velutinus
Page 311 and 312: 996 Lobsters Similar families occur
Page 313 and 314: 998 Lobsters 3a. Carapace with 5 me
Page 315 and 316: 1000 Lobsters Enoplometopus holthui
Page 317 and 318: 1002 Lobsters Enoplometopidae: body
Page 319 and 320: 1004 Lobsters Palibythus magnificus
Page 321 and 322: 1006 Lobsters gonopore female leg 1
Page 323 and 324: 1008 Lobsters Synaxidae: body very
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1010 Lobsters Key to the species of
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1012 Lobsters Key to the species of
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1014 Lobsters 8a. Antennular plate
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1016 Lobsters Panulirus homarus (Li
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1018 Lobsters Panulirus ornatus (Fa
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1020 Lobsters Panulirus polyphagus
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1022 Lobsters Justitia chani Poupin
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1024 Lobsters Linuparus sordidus Br
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1026 Lobsters Panulirus pascuensis
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click for previous page 1028 Lobste
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1030 Lobsters 5a. Medium size (adul
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1032 Lobsters 2a. Articulated parts
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1034 Lobsters Ibacus ciliatus (Von
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1036 Lobsters Ibacus pubescens Holt
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click for previous page 1038 Lobste
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1040 Lobsters Thenus orientalis (Lu
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1042 Lobsters Parribacus holthuisi
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click for previous page CRABS by P.
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Technical Terms and Measurements 10
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General Remarks 1049 Poisonous Crab
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General Remarks 1051 Adult male and
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General Remarks 1053 longitudinally
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Imported Crabs of Commercial Import
Page 371 and 372:
Guide to Families 1057 CALAPPIDAE P
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Guide to Families 1059 PORTUNIDAE P
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Guide to Families/Key to Brachyura
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Key to Brachyura 1063 Fig. 9 Cyclod
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Key to Brachyura 1065 13a. Opening
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Key to Brachyura 1067 18a. Antennae
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Key to Brachyura 1069 Fig. 46 Atele
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Key to Brachyura 1071 30a. Last pai
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Key to Brachyura 1073 strongly recu
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Key to Brachyura 1075 42a. Longitud
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Key to Anomura 1077 48a. Male first
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Key to Anomura 1079 a) Fig. 103 Coe
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List of Families 1081 * CHEIRAGONID
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click for previous page Infraorder
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Dromiidae 1085 Dromiidae DROMIIDAE
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Dromiidae 1087 Dromia dormia (Linna
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Raninidae 1089 Raninidae RANINIDAE
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Calappidae 1091 Calappidae CALAPPID
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Calappidae 1093 3a. Entire posterio
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Calappidae 1095 Matuta victor (Fabr
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Calappidae 1097 Calappa hepatica (L
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Xanthidae 1099 Key to species of in
Page 415 and 416:
Xanthidae 1101 Etisus splendidus Ra
Page 417 and 418:
click for previous page Eriphiidae
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Eriphiidae 1105 6a. Dorsal surface
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Eriphiidae 1107 Menippe rumphii (Fa
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Eriphiidae 1109 Myomenippe fornasin
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Carpiliidae 1111 Carpilius convexus
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Pilumnidae 1113 A single species of
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click for previous page Portunidae
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Portunidae 1117 6a. Posterior borde
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Portunidae 1119 16a. Carapace with
Page 435 and 436:
Portunidae 1121 Charybdis japonica
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Portunidae 1123 Podophthalmus vigil
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Portunidae 1125 Portunus sanguinole
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Portunidae 1127 The differences in
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Portunidae 1129 Thalamita crenata (
Page 445 and 446:
Portunidae 1131 Charybdis annulata
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Geryonidae 1133 3a. Anterolateral m
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Geryonidae 1135 Chaceon australis M
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Majidae 1137 Schizophrys aspera (H.
Page 453 and 454:
Grapsidae 1139 2a. Carapace squaris
Page 455 and 456:
Grapsidae 1141 Key to food species
Page 457 and 458:
Grapsidae 1143 Episesarma versicolo
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Grapsidae 1145 Episesarma chengtong
Page 461 and 462:
click for previous page Gecarcinida
Page 463 and 464:
Gecarcinidae 1149 Cardisoma carnife
Page 465 and 466:
Gecarcinidae 1151 Cardisoma hirtipe
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Ocypodidae 1153 Ocypode ceratophtha
Page 469 and 470:
Infraorder Anomura - Coenobitidae 1
Page 471 and 472:
1158 Holothurians General Remarks G
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1160 Holothurians dentritic peltate
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1162 Holothurians oral tentacles ge
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1164 Holothurians Interradii (or in
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1166 Holothurians 11a. Tables with
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1168 Holothurians Actinopyga maurit
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1170 Holothurians Actinopyga palaue
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1172 Holothurians Bohadschia argus
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1174 Holothurians Bohadschia vitien
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1176 Holothurians Holothuria (Halod
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1178 Holothurians Holothuria (Merte
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1180 Holothurians Holothuria (Metri
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1182 Holothurians Holothuria (Micro
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1184 Holothurians Pearsonothuria gr
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1186 Holothurians Stichopus chloron
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1188 Holothurians Stichopus variega
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1190 Holothurians Thelenota anax Cl
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1192 Hagfishes MYXINIDAE Hagfishes
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1194 Sharks Technical Terms and Mea
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1196 Sharks General Remarks GENERAL
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1198 Sharks Key to Families KEY TO
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1200 Sharks 12a. No lobe and groove
Page 515 and 516:
1202 Sharks 21a. First dorsal fin l
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1204 Sharks PRISTIOPHORIDAE: Sawsha
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1206 Sharks PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE: False
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click for previous page 1208 Sharks
Page 523 and 524:
1210 Sharks Heptranchias perlo (Bon
Page 525 and 526:
1212 Sharks Key to the species of E
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1214 Sharks Squatinidae: trunk much
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1216 Sharks 11a. Diagonal distance
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1218 Sharks 20a. Upper teeth relati
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1220 Sharks 29a. Denticles on sides
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1222 Sharks Etmopterus molleri Whi
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1224 Sharks Centrophorus niaukang T
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1226 Sharks Etmopterus brachyurus S
Page 541 and 542:
1228 Sharks Euprotomicrus bispinatu
Page 543 and 544:
1230 Sharks Squalus megalops (Macle
Page 545 and 546:
1232 Sharks Squalus sp. F [Last and
Page 547 and 548:
1234 Sharks Key to the species of P
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1236 Sharks Rays (Batoidea): pector
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1238 Sharks HETERODONTIDAE Bullhead
Page 553 and 554:
1240 Sharks Heterodontus galeatus (
Page 555 and 556:
1242 Sharks List of species occurri
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1244 Sharks Key to the species of B
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1246 Sharks Similar families occurr
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1248 Sharks Orectolobus ornatus (de
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1250 Sharks Ginglymostomatidae: pre
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1252 Sharks 7a. Black spot behind g
Page 567 and 568:
1254 Sharks Chiloscyllium hasselti
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1256 Sharks Chiloscyllium plagiosum
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1258 Sharks Hemiscyllium freycineti
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1260 Sharks GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE Nurs
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1262 Sharks A single species in thi
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1264 Sharks Odontaspididae ODONTASP
Page 579 and 580:
1266 Sharks Carcharias taurus Rafin
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1270 Sharks Key to the species of A
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1272 Sharks Alopias superciliosus (
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1274 Sharks LAMNIDAE Mackerel shark
Page 589 and 590:
1276 Sharks Carcharodon carcharias
Page 591 and 592:
1278 Sharks Isurus paucus Guitart M
Page 593 and 594:
1280 Sharks Key to the species of S
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1282 Sharks 13a. Pectoral fin broad
Page 597 and 598:
1284 Sharks 25a. Labial furrows ver
Page 599 and 600:
1286 Sharks Apristurus herklotsi (F
Page 601 and 602:
1288 Sharks Atelomycterus macleayi
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1290 Sharks Galeus gracilis Compagn
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1292 Sharks Scyliorhinus garmani (F
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1294 Sharks Triakidae: no gill rake
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1298 Sharks Proscylliidae: gill rak
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1300 Sharks 9a. Snout bluntly round
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1302 Sharks Galeorhinus galeus (Lin
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1304 Sharks Mustelus antarcticus G
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1306 Sharks Similar families occurr
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1308 Sharks Chaenogaleus macrostoma
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1310 Sharks Hemipristis elongatus (
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click for previous page 1312 Sharks
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1314 Sharks Odontaspididae: fifth g
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1316 Sharks 6a. Second dorsal-fin o
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1318 Sharks 12a. Head very flat and
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1320 Sharks 22a. Second dorsal fin
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1322 Sharks 30a. Usually 11 lower a
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1324 Sharks List of species occurri
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1326 Sharks Carcharhinus altimus (S
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1328 Sharks Carcharhinus amblyrhync
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1330 Sharks Carcharhinus borneensis
Page 645 and 646:
1332 Sharks Carcharhinus brevipinna
Page 647 and 648:
1334 Sharks Carcharhinus dussumieri
Page 649 and 650:
1336 Sharks Carcharhinus fitzroyens
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1338 Sharks Carcharhinus hemiodon (
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1340 Sharks Carcharhinus limbatus (
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1342 Sharks Carcharhinus macloti (M
Page 657 and 658:
1344 Sharks Carcharhinus obscurus (
Page 659 and 660:
1346 Sharks Carcharhinus sealei (Pi
Page 661 and 662:
1348 Sharks Carcharhinus tilstoni (
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1350 Sharks Lamiopsis temmincki (M
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1352 Sharks Negaprion acutidens (R
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1354 Sharks Rhizoprionodon acutus (
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1356 Sharks Rhizoprionodon taylori
Page 671 and 672:
1358 Sharks Triaenodon obesus (Rüp
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1360 Sharks Glyphis sp. B En - Born
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1362 Sharks 2a. Anterior margin of
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1364 Sharks Sphyrna lewini (Griffit
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1366 Sharks Sphyrna zygaena (Linnae
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1368 The Living Marine Resources of
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FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE FO
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Carpenter, K.E.; Niem, V.H. (eds) F
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FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes Western

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