FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes Western

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Technical Terms and Measurements 1195 apex upper (dorsal) lobe terminal lobe posterior tip spine posterior margin dorsal margin upper origin terminal margin subterminal margin subterminal notch anterior margin base free rear tip lower origin upper postventral margin posterior notch lower postventral margin fin origin insertion dorsal fin inner margin preventral margin ventral tip lower (ventral) lobe caudal fin fin origin fin insertion inner margin anterior margin base pectoral fin mouth corner labial furrow labial fold free rear tip apex posterior margin incurrent aperture anterior nasal flap lifted excurrent aperture circumnarial groove excurrent aperture nostril nasoral groove mouth circumnarial fold upper labial furrow barbel head of an orectoloboid shark (ventral view) incurrent aperture anterior nasal flap posterior nasal flap secondary lower eyelid symphyseal groove anterior nasal flap lower labial furrow upper eyelid eye notch nictitating lower eyelid subocular pocket
1196 Sharks General Remarks GENERAL REMARKS by L.J.V. Compagno Sharks include a variety of usually cylindrical, elongated, or moderately depressed fishes which differ from the closely related rays or batoids in having lateral gill openings (or gill slits) and pectoral fins not fused to the sides of the head over the gill openings. The greatly depressed angelsharks (family Squatinidae) might be mistaken for rays at first sight; they have large, broad, ray-like pectoraI fins that extend as triangular lobes alongside the gill openings, but are not connected to the head above them. Sharks have eyes on the dorsal surface or sides of the head and spiracles (when present) on its dorsal or dorsolateral surfaces. The tail and caudal fin are always well developed and serve to propel the animal by lateral undulations; the pectoral fins are mostly not used for propulsion through the water but aid in stabilizing and steering the shark. There are usually 5 gill openings on each side of the head, rarely 6 or 7. The mouth is usually ventral or subterminal on the head, but terminal or nearly so in a few species. Most sharks have 2 (rarely 1) dorsal fins, sometimes with spines on their front edges; an anal fin is usually present, but missing in several families. The teeth on the jaws are set in numerous transverse rows and are constantly replaced from inside the mouth.All shark species are more or less covered by small (occasionally enlarged) tooth-like placoid scales or dermal denticles. Male sharks have cylindrical copulatory organs or claspers on their pelvic fins, used for internal fertilization of eggs in females; about 1/3 of the species of sharks have females that deposit eggs in rectangular or conical capsules, formed of a horn-like material (oviparity); the remainder are livebearers. Some livebearing sharks, including many houndsharks (Triakidae), most requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae), and all weasel sharks (Hemigaleidae) and hammerheads (Sphyrnidae) are viviparous (placental viviparous), with yolk sacs of fetuses forming a placenta with the maternal uterus for nutrient transfer; other livebearinq sharks are ovoviviparous (aplacental viviparous), without a placenta. Ovoviviparous lamnoid sharks of the families Odontaspididae, Alopiidae, Lamnidae, and Pseudocarchariidae practice uterine cannibalism, in which one or more fetuses in each uterus resorb their yolk sacs and then devour eggs passed down the oviducts for nutriment (oophagy) and grow to considerable size with massive yolk stomachs before birth. In the Odontaspididae (Carcharias taurus) the largest fetus kills and eats its siblings (adelphophagy) and only 1 fetus survives in utero, while several young may cohabit the uterus in the other families. Members of 2 families of carcharhinoid sharks (Proscylliidae and Pseudotriakidae) practice oophagy, but fill their yolk sacs with yolk that they consume. Mature sharks vary in total length from about 15 to 19 cm (dwarf species of Squalidae and Proscylliidae) to 12.1 m or more (whale shark, family Rhincodontidae) and range in weight from between 10 and 20 g to several metric tons. Most sharks are of small or moderate size; about 50% are small, between 15 cm and 1 m; 32% between 1 and 2 m; 14% between 2 and 4 m; and only 4% are over 4 m in total length. All sharks are predators, with their prey ranging widely, from planktonic crustaceans and benthic invertebrates to pelagic cephalopods, small to large bony fishes, other sharks and rays, marine mammals, and other marine and terrestrial vertebrates. Sharks are primarily marine, but a few requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae, members of the genera Carcharhinus and Glyphis) have broad salinity tolerances, and one species (bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas) is wide-ranging in tropical lakes and rivers with sea access as well as shallow inshore waters. No sharks are known to be confined to fresh water, unlike several species of stingrays (families Dasyatidae and Potamotrygonidae). Sharks are widely distributed in all oceans, from the Arctic to subantarctic islands, and from close inshore on reefs, off beaches, and in shallow, enclosed bays to the lower continental slopes, the abyssal plains, sea mounts and ridges, and the high seas. They are most diverse in continental waters of tropical and warm-temperate seas, from inshore waters down to upper continental slopes, but are less so in colder waters, at great depths (below 1 500 to 2 000 m), in the open ocean and off oceanic islands. The richest shark faunas occur in the Indo-West Pacific from South Africa and the Red Sea to Australia and Japan. The Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 71 and the southwestern part of Fishing Area 77) has one of the most diverse shark faunas in the world, including approximately 23 families, 69 genera, and between 164 and 188 species. Worldwide there are 33 families, 101 genera, and between 379 to 478 species of sharks (estimate as of 8 August 1995). Several genera and families are poorly known and require further taxonomic study. Many species of sharks are endemic to the area and have restricted ranges within it, several species (including inshore species) are known from 1 or a few museum specimens only, and a wealth of new species have been revealed in deep water, offshore continental, and even inshore habitats in the past forty years (many of which are still undescribed). Undoubtedly more new species and many records of described species will be discovered with further collecting in poorly known parts of the area. Knowledge of the coastal shark fauna of Area 71 beyond Australia is very sketchy, and many maritime countries need further surveys to determine which species occur there. The deep-water shark fauna is very poorly known in the area, except for off northern Australia and a few other localities (such as New Caledonia) where systematic deep-water exploration for fisheries resources is proceeding apace. Basic knowledge of the biology of many species is often very deficient or entirely lacking, and can be supplemented by new information gathered by fisheries workers in the area.
Page 1 and 2:
click for previous page iv Table of
Page 3 and 4:
vi Page Brachaeluridae . . . . . .
Page 5 and 6:
688 Cephalopods Introduction and Ge
Page 7 and 8:
690 Cephalopods Principal PRINCIPAL
Page 9 and 10:
692 Cephalopods To examine the cont
Page 11 and 12:
694 Cephalopods Chitin(ous) - a hor
Page 13 and 14:
696 Cephalopods Ink sac - the struc
Page 15 and 16:
698 Cephalopods Spermatophore groov
Page 17 and 18:
700 Cephalopods 6a. Fins small and
Page 19 and 20:
702 Cephalopods 15a. Surface of man
Page 21 and 22:
704 Cephalopods 23a. Arms short, ty
Page 23 and 24:
706 Cephalopods Order SEPIIDA - Cut
Page 25 and 26:
708 Cephalopods List of Familes LIS
Page 27 and 28:
710 Cephalopods Key to the species
Page 29 and 30:
712 Cephalopods Sepiolidae SEPIOLID
Page 31 and 32:
714 Cephalopods Eupryma morsei (Ver
Page 33 and 34:
716 Cephalopods Rossia bipapillata
Page 35 and 36:
718 Cephalopods Sepiolina nipponens
Page 37 and 38:
720 Cephalopods Sepiadarium kochii
Page 39 and 40:
722 Cephalopods Spirulidae SPIRULID
Page 41 and 42:
724 Cephalopods anterior last locul
Page 43 and 44:
726 Cephalopods it may be necessary
Page 45 and 46:
728 Cephalopods 4a. Five to 6 wine-
Page 47 and 48:
730 Cephalopods 11a. Tentacular clu
Page 49 and 50:
732 Cephalopods 23a. Hectocotylus w
Page 51 and 52:
734 Cephalopods List of species occ
Page 53 and 54:
736 Cephalopods Sepiidae Sepia acul
Page 55 and 56:
click for previous page 738 Cephalo
Page 57 and 58:
740 Cephalopods Sepia brevimana Ste
Page 59 and 60:
742 Cephalopods Sepia esculenta Hoy
Page 61 and 62:
744 Cephalopods Sepia latimanus Quo
Page 63 and 64:
746 Cephalopods Sepia opipara (Ired
Page 65 and 66:
748 Cephalopods Sepia pharaonis Ehr
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
752 Cephalopods Sepia rozella (Ired
Page 71 and 72:
754 Cephalopods Sepia stellifera Ho
Page 73 and 74:
756 Cephalopods Sepiella inermis F
Page 75 and 76:
758 Cephalopods Sepia bartletti (Ir
Page 77 and 78:
760 Cephalopods Sepia mestus Gray,
Page 79 and 80:
762 Cephalopods Sepia vossi Khromov
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
766 Cephalopods Loligo reesi (Voss,
Page 85 and 86:
768 Cephalopods 6a. Gladius relativ
Page 87 and 88:
770 Cephalopods ventral view Fig. 1
Page 89 and 90:
772 Cephalopods Nipponololigo beka
Page 91 and 92:
774 Cephalopods “Photololigo chin
Page 93 and 94:
776 Cephalopods “Photololigo edul
Page 95 and 96:
778 Cephalopods “Sepioteuthis les
Page 97 and 98:
780 Cephalopods Loliolus affinis St
Page 99 and 100:
782 Cephalopods Similar families oc
Page 101 and 102:
784 Cephalopods Onychoteuthidae ONY
Page 103 and 104:
786 Cephalopods List of species occ
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
790 Cephalopods 4a. Mantle very sle
Page 109 and 110:
792 Cephalopods Nototodarus hawaiie
Page 111 and 112:
794 Cephalopods Sthenoteuthis ouala
Page 113 and 114:
796 Cephalopods Todaropsis eblanae
Page 115 and 116:
798 Cephalopods Chiroteuthidae CHIR
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
802 Cephalopods Ocythoidae (suborde
Page 121 and 122:
804 Cephalopods 5a. Distinctly elon
Page 123 and 124:
806 Cephalopods 14a. Small, elongat
Page 125 and 126:
808 Cephalopods 22a. Pale longitudi
Page 127 and 128:
810 Cephalopods Cistopus indicus (R
Page 129 and 130:
812 Cephalopods Octopus cyanea Gray
Page 131 and 132:
814 Cephalopods Octopus cf. luteus
Page 133 and 134:
816 Cephalopods Octopus nocturnus N
Page 135 and 136:
818 Cephalopods Octopus tetricus Go
Page 137 and 138:
820 Cephalopods Ameloctopus litoral
Page 139 and 140:
822 Cephalopods Octopus abaculus No
Page 141 and 142:
824 Cephalopods Octopus australis H
Page 143 and 144:
826 Cephalopods Octopus polyzenia G
Page 145 and 146:
828 Stomatopods Technical Terms and
Page 147 and 148:
830 Stomatopods propodus of HARPIOS
Page 149 and 150:
832 Stomatopods ODONTODACTYLIDAE Od
Page 151 and 152:
834 Stomatopods Odontodactylus scyl
Page 153 and 154:
836 Stomatopods 2a. Antennal protop
Page 155 and 156:
838 Stomatopods Harpiosquillidae HA
Page 157 and 158:
840 Stomatopods 8a. Rostral plate l
Page 159 and 160:
842 Stomatopods Squillidae SQUILLID
Page 161 and 162:
844 Stomatopods 7a. Dorsal surface
Page 163 and 164:
846 Stomatopods Cloridopsis scorpio
Page 165 and 166:
848 Stomatopods Oratosquillina grav
Page 167 and 168:
click for previous page SHRIMPS AND
Page 169 and 170:
Technical Terms and Measurements 85
Page 171 and 172:
General Remarks 855 The terms “sh
Page 173 and 174:
List of Families 857 List of Famili
Page 175 and 176:
Infraorder Penaeidae, Superfamily S
Page 177 and 178:
Sergestidae 861 6a. Lower antennula
Page 179 and 180:
Sergestidae 863 Acetes intermedius
Page 181 and 182:
Sergestidae 865 Acetes vulgaris Han
Page 183 and 184:
Superfamily Penaeoidea 867 Caridea:
Page 185 and 186:
Aristeidae 869 Similar families occ
Page 187 and 188:
Aristeidae 871 List of species occu
Page 189 and 190:
Aristeidae 873 Aristeus virilis (Ba
Page 191 and 192:
Solenoceridae 875 Solenoceridae SOL
Page 193 and 194:
Solenoceridae 877 Stenopodidae: thi
Page 195 and 196:
Solenoceridae 879 9a. Anterior end
Page 197 and 198:
Solenoceridae 881 Haliporoides sibo
Page 199 and 200:
Solenoceridae 883 Solenocera crassi
Page 201 and 202:
Solenoceridae 885 Solenocera alfons
Page 203 and 204:
Solenoceridae 887 Solenocera koelbe
Page 205 and 206:
click for previous page Penaeidae 8
Page 207 and 208:
Penaeidae 891 Sergestidae: size sma
Page 209 and 210:
Penaeidae 893 9a. Carapace without
Page 211 and 212:
Penaeidae 895 2a. Rostrum armed wit
Page 213 and 214:
Penaeidae 897 17a. In males, basial
Page 215 and 216:
Penaeidae 899 5a. Epigastric spine
Page 217 and 218:
Penaeidae 901 2a. In males, petasma
Page 219 and 220:
Penaeidae 903 9a. Adrostral crest e
Page 221 and 222:
Penaeidae 905 Metapenaeopsis mannar
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Penaeidae 909 Metapenaeus anchistus
Page 227 and 228:
Penaeidae 911 Metapenaeus intermedi
Page 229 and 230:
Penaeidae 913 Parapenaeopsis hardwi
Page 231 and 232:
Penaeidae 915 Penaeus esculentus Ha
Page 233 and 234:
Penaeidae 917 Penaeus japonicus Bat
Page 235 and 236:
Penaeidae 919 Penaeus longistylus K
Page 237 and 238:
Penaeidae 921 Penaeus merguiensis D
Page 239 and 240:
Penaeidae 923 Penaeus penicillatus
Page 241 and 242:
Penaeidae 925 Penaeus semisulcatus
Page 243 and 244:
Penaeidae 927 Trachypenaeus curviro
Page 245 and 246:
Penaeidae 929 Atypopenaeus formosus
Page 247 and 248:
Penaeidae 931 Metapenaeopsis novaeg
Page 249 and 250:
Penaeidae 933 Metapenaeopsis wellsi
Page 251 and 252:
Penaeidae 935 Metapenaeus conjunctu
Page 253 and 254:
Penaeidae 937 Metapenaeus eboracens
Page 255 and 256:
Penaeidae 939 Metapenaeus lysianass
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Penaeidae 943 Parapenaeopsis gracil
Page 261 and 262:
Penaeidae 945 Parapenaeopsis tenell
Page 263 and 264:
Penaeidae 947 Parapenaeus longipes
Page 265 and 266:
Penaeidae 949 Trachypenaeus gonospi
Page 267 and 268:
Penaeidae 951 Trachypenaeus villalu
Page 269 and 270:
Sicyoniidae 953 Solenoceridae: body
Page 271 and 272:
Stenopodidae 955 Stenopodidae Infra
Page 273 and 274:
Infraorder Caridea 957 Infraorder C
Page 275 and 276:
Infraorder Caridea 959 Superfamily
Page 277 and 278:
Atyidae/Hippolytidae 961 Caridina w
Page 279 and 280:
Hymenoceridae 963 Hymenoceridae HYM
Page 281 and 282:
Palaemonidae 965 Exopalaemon stylif
Page 283 and 284:
click for previous page Palaemonida
Page 285 and 286:
Palaemonidae/Pandalidae 969 Palaemo
Page 287 and 288:
Rhynchocinetidae 971 Rhynchocinetid
Page 289 and 290:
974 Lobsters Technical Terms and Me
Page 291 and 292:
976 Lobsters General Remarks GENERA
Page 293 and 294:
978 Lobsters ENOPLOMETOPIDAE Page 9
Page 295 and 296:
980 Lobsters List of FamiliesLIST a
Page 297 and 298:
click for previous page 982 Lobster
Page 299 and 300:
984 Lobsters Palinuridae: carapace
Page 301 and 302:
986 Lobsters 6a. Abdomen smooth, wi
Page 303 and 304:
988 Lobsters Acanthacaris tenuimana
Page 305 and 306:
990 Lobsters Metanephrops thomsoni
Page 307 and 308:
992 Lobsters Metanephrops andamanic
Page 309 and 310:
994 Lobsters Metanephrops velutinus
Page 311 and 312:
996 Lobsters Similar families occur
Page 313 and 314:
998 Lobsters 3a. Carapace with 5 me
Page 315 and 316:
1000 Lobsters Enoplometopus holthui
Page 317 and 318:
1002 Lobsters Enoplometopidae: body
Page 319 and 320:
1004 Lobsters Palibythus magnificus
Page 321 and 322:
1006 Lobsters gonopore female leg 1
Page 323 and 324:
1008 Lobsters Synaxidae: body very
Page 325 and 326:
1010 Lobsters Key to the species of
Page 327 and 328:
1012 Lobsters Key to the species of
Page 329 and 330:
1014 Lobsters 8a. Antennular plate
Page 331 and 332:
1016 Lobsters Panulirus homarus (Li
Page 333 and 334:
1018 Lobsters Panulirus ornatus (Fa
Page 335 and 336:
1020 Lobsters Panulirus polyphagus
Page 337 and 338:
1022 Lobsters Justitia chani Poupin
Page 339 and 340:
1024 Lobsters Linuparus sordidus Br
Page 341 and 342:
1026 Lobsters Panulirus pascuensis
Page 343 and 344:
click for previous page 1028 Lobste
Page 345 and 346:
1030 Lobsters 5a. Medium size (adul
Page 347 and 348:
1032 Lobsters 2a. Articulated parts
Page 349 and 350:
1034 Lobsters Ibacus ciliatus (Von
Page 351 and 352:
1036 Lobsters Ibacus pubescens Holt
Page 353 and 354:
click for previous page 1038 Lobste
Page 355 and 356:
1040 Lobsters Thenus orientalis (Lu
Page 357 and 358:
1042 Lobsters Parribacus holthuisi
Page 359 and 360:
click for previous page CRABS by P.
Page 361 and 362:
Technical Terms and Measurements 10
Page 363 and 364:
General Remarks 1049 Poisonous Crab
Page 365 and 366:
General Remarks 1051 Adult male and
Page 367 and 368:
General Remarks 1053 longitudinally
Page 369 and 370:
Imported Crabs of Commercial Import
Page 371 and 372:
Guide to Families 1057 CALAPPIDAE P
Page 373 and 374:
Guide to Families 1059 PORTUNIDAE P
Page 375 and 376:
Guide to Families/Key to Brachyura
Page 377 and 378:
Key to Brachyura 1063 Fig. 9 Cyclod
Page 379 and 380:
Key to Brachyura 1065 13a. Opening
Page 381 and 382:
Key to Brachyura 1067 18a. Antennae
Page 383 and 384:
Key to Brachyura 1069 Fig. 46 Atele
Page 385 and 386:
Key to Brachyura 1071 30a. Last pai
Page 387 and 388:
Key to Brachyura 1073 strongly recu
Page 389 and 390:
Key to Brachyura 1075 42a. Longitud
Page 391 and 392:
Key to Anomura 1077 48a. Male first
Page 393 and 394:
Key to Anomura 1079 a) Fig. 103 Coe
Page 395 and 396:
List of Families 1081 * CHEIRAGONID
Page 397 and 398:
click for previous page Infraorder
Page 399 and 400:
Dromiidae 1085 Dromiidae DROMIIDAE
Page 401 and 402:
Dromiidae 1087 Dromia dormia (Linna
Page 403 and 404:
Raninidae 1089 Raninidae RANINIDAE
Page 405 and 406:
Calappidae 1091 Calappidae CALAPPID
Page 407 and 408:
Calappidae 1093 3a. Entire posterio
Page 409 and 410:
Calappidae 1095 Matuta victor (Fabr
Page 411 and 412:
Calappidae 1097 Calappa hepatica (L
Page 413 and 414:
Xanthidae 1099 Key to species of in
Page 415 and 416:
Xanthidae 1101 Etisus splendidus Ra
Page 417 and 418:
click for previous page Eriphiidae
Page 419 and 420:
Eriphiidae 1105 6a. Dorsal surface
Page 421 and 422:
Eriphiidae 1107 Menippe rumphii (Fa
Page 423 and 424:
Eriphiidae 1109 Myomenippe fornasin
Page 425 and 426:
Carpiliidae 1111 Carpilius convexus
Page 427 and 428:
Pilumnidae 1113 A single species of
Page 429 and 430:
click for previous page Portunidae
Page 431 and 432:
Portunidae 1117 6a. Posterior borde
Page 433 and 434:
Portunidae 1119 16a. Carapace with
Page 435 and 436:
Portunidae 1121 Charybdis japonica
Page 437 and 438:
Portunidae 1123 Podophthalmus vigil
Page 439 and 440:
Portunidae 1125 Portunus sanguinole
Page 441 and 442:
Portunidae 1127 The differences in
Page 443 and 444:
Portunidae 1129 Thalamita crenata (
Page 445 and 446:
Portunidae 1131 Charybdis annulata
Page 447 and 448:
Geryonidae 1133 3a. Anterolateral m
Page 449 and 450:
Geryonidae 1135 Chaceon australis M
Page 451 and 452:
Majidae 1137 Schizophrys aspera (H.
Page 453 and 454:
Grapsidae 1139 2a. Carapace squaris
Page 455 and 456:
Grapsidae 1141 Key to food species
Page 457 and 458: Grapsidae 1143 Episesarma versicolo
Page 459 and 460: Grapsidae 1145 Episesarma chengtong
Page 461 and 462: click for previous page Gecarcinida
Page 463 and 464: Gecarcinidae 1149 Cardisoma carnife
Page 465 and 466: Gecarcinidae 1151 Cardisoma hirtipe
Page 467 and 468: Ocypodidae 1153 Ocypode ceratophtha
Page 469 and 470: Infraorder Anomura - Coenobitidae 1
Page 471 and 472: 1158 Holothurians General Remarks G
Page 473 and 474: 1160 Holothurians dentritic peltate
Page 475 and 476: 1162 Holothurians oral tentacles ge
Page 477 and 478: 1164 Holothurians Interradii (or in
Page 479 and 480: 1166 Holothurians 11a. Tables with
Page 481 and 482: 1168 Holothurians Actinopyga maurit
Page 483 and 484: 1170 Holothurians Actinopyga palaue
Page 485 and 486: 1172 Holothurians Bohadschia argus
Page 487 and 488: 1174 Holothurians Bohadschia vitien
Page 489 and 490: 1176 Holothurians Holothuria (Halod
Page 491 and 492: 1178 Holothurians Holothuria (Merte
Page 493 and 494: 1180 Holothurians Holothuria (Metri
Page 495 and 496: 1182 Holothurians Holothuria (Micro
Page 497 and 498: 1184 Holothurians Pearsonothuria gr
Page 499 and 500: 1186 Holothurians Stichopus chloron
Page 501 and 502: 1188 Holothurians Stichopus variega
Page 503 and 504: 1190 Holothurians Thelenota anax Cl
Page 505 and 506: 1192 Hagfishes MYXINIDAE Hagfishes
Page 507: 1194 Sharks Technical Terms and Mea
Page 511 and 512: 1198 Sharks Key to Families KEY TO
Page 513 and 514: 1200 Sharks 12a. No lobe and groove
Page 515 and 516: 1202 Sharks 21a. First dorsal fin l
Page 517 and 518: 1204 Sharks PRISTIOPHORIDAE: Sawsha
Page 519 and 520: 1206 Sharks PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE: False
Page 521 and 522: click for previous page 1208 Sharks
Page 523 and 524: 1210 Sharks Heptranchias perlo (Bon
Page 525 and 526: 1212 Sharks Key to the species of E
Page 527 and 528: 1214 Sharks Squatinidae: trunk much
Page 529 and 530: 1216 Sharks 11a. Diagonal distance
Page 531 and 532: 1218 Sharks 20a. Upper teeth relati
Page 533 and 534: 1220 Sharks 29a. Denticles on sides
Page 535 and 536: 1222 Sharks Etmopterus molleri Whi
Page 537 and 538: 1224 Sharks Centrophorus niaukang T
Page 539 and 540: 1226 Sharks Etmopterus brachyurus S
Page 541 and 542: 1228 Sharks Euprotomicrus bispinatu
Page 543 and 544: 1230 Sharks Squalus megalops (Macle
Page 545 and 546: 1232 Sharks Squalus sp. F [Last and
Page 547 and 548: 1234 Sharks Key to the species of P
Page 549 and 550: 1236 Sharks Rays (Batoidea): pector
Page 551 and 552: 1238 Sharks HETERODONTIDAE Bullhead
Page 553 and 554: 1240 Sharks Heterodontus galeatus (
Page 555 and 556: 1242 Sharks List of species occurri
Page 557 and 558: 1244 Sharks Key to the species of B
Page 559 and 560:
1246 Sharks Similar families occurr
Page 561 and 562:
1248 Sharks Orectolobus ornatus (de
Page 563 and 564:
1250 Sharks Ginglymostomatidae: pre
Page 565 and 566:
1252 Sharks 7a. Black spot behind g
Page 567 and 568:
1254 Sharks Chiloscyllium hasselti
Page 569 and 570:
1256 Sharks Chiloscyllium plagiosum
Page 571 and 572:
1258 Sharks Hemiscyllium freycineti
Page 573 and 574:
1260 Sharks GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE Nurs
Page 575 and 576:
1262 Sharks A single species in thi
Page 577 and 578:
1264 Sharks Odontaspididae ODONTASP
Page 579 and 580:
1266 Sharks Carcharias taurus Rafin
Page 581 and 582:
Page 583 and 584:
1270 Sharks Key to the species of A
Page 585 and 586:
1272 Sharks Alopias superciliosus (
Page 587 and 588:
1274 Sharks LAMNIDAE Mackerel shark
Page 589 and 590:
1276 Sharks Carcharodon carcharias
Page 591 and 592:
1278 Sharks Isurus paucus Guitart M
Page 593 and 594:
1280 Sharks Key to the species of S
Page 595 and 596:
1282 Sharks 13a. Pectoral fin broad
Page 597 and 598:
1284 Sharks 25a. Labial furrows ver
Page 599 and 600:
1286 Sharks Apristurus herklotsi (F
Page 601 and 602:
1288 Sharks Atelomycterus macleayi
Page 603 and 604:
1290 Sharks Galeus gracilis Compagn
Page 605 and 606:
1292 Sharks Scyliorhinus garmani (F
Page 607 and 608:
1294 Sharks Triakidae: no gill rake
Page 609 and 610:
Page 611 and 612:
1298 Sharks Proscylliidae: gill rak
Page 613 and 614:
1300 Sharks 9a. Snout bluntly round
Page 615 and 616:
1302 Sharks Galeorhinus galeus (Lin
Page 617 and 618:
1304 Sharks Mustelus antarcticus G
Page 619 and 620:
1306 Sharks Similar families occurr
Page 621 and 622:
1308 Sharks Chaenogaleus macrostoma
Page 623 and 624:
1310 Sharks Hemipristis elongatus (
Page 625 and 626:
click for previous page 1312 Sharks
Page 627 and 628:
1314 Sharks Odontaspididae: fifth g
Page 629 and 630:
1316 Sharks 6a. Second dorsal-fin o
Page 631 and 632:
1318 Sharks 12a. Head very flat and
Page 633 and 634:
1320 Sharks 22a. Second dorsal fin
Page 635 and 636:
1322 Sharks 30a. Usually 11 lower a
Page 637 and 638:
1324 Sharks List of species occurri
Page 639 and 640:
1326 Sharks Carcharhinus altimus (S
Page 641 and 642:
1328 Sharks Carcharhinus amblyrhync
Page 643 and 644:
1330 Sharks Carcharhinus borneensis
Page 645 and 646:
1332 Sharks Carcharhinus brevipinna
Page 647 and 648:
1334 Sharks Carcharhinus dussumieri
Page 649 and 650:
1336 Sharks Carcharhinus fitzroyens
Page 651 and 652:
1338 Sharks Carcharhinus hemiodon (
Page 653 and 654:
1340 Sharks Carcharhinus limbatus (
Page 655 and 656:
1342 Sharks Carcharhinus macloti (M
Page 657 and 658:
1344 Sharks Carcharhinus obscurus (
Page 659 and 660:
1346 Sharks Carcharhinus sealei (Pi
Page 661 and 662:
1348 Sharks Carcharhinus tilstoni (
Page 663 and 664:
1350 Sharks Lamiopsis temmincki (M
Page 665 and 666:
1352 Sharks Negaprion acutidens (R
Page 667 and 668:
1354 Sharks Rhizoprionodon acutus (
Page 669 and 670:
1356 Sharks Rhizoprionodon taylori
Page 671 and 672:
1358 Sharks Triaenodon obesus (Rüp
Page 673 and 674:
1360 Sharks Glyphis sp. B En - Born
Page 675 and 676:
1362 Sharks 2a. Anterior margin of
Page 677 and 678:
1364 Sharks Sphyrna lewini (Griffit
Page 679 and 680:
1366 Sharks Sphyrna zygaena (Linnae
Page 681 and 682:
1368 The Living Marine Resources of
Page 683 and 684:
Page 685 and 686:
Page 687 and 688:
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Page 693 and 694:
Page 695 and 696:
Page 697 and 698:
Page 699 and 700:
Page 701 and 702:
Page 703 and 704:
Page 705 and 706:
Page 707 and 708:
Page 709 and 710:
Page 711 and 712:
FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE FO
Page 713:
Carpenter, K.E.; Niem, V.H. (eds) F
show all

FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes Western

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?