FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes Western

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List of Families and Species 981 PALINURIDAE Justitia chani Poupin, 1994 Justitia japonica (Kubo, 1955) Justitia longimanus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) Justitia vericeli Poupin, 1994 Linuparus sordidus Bruce, 1965 Linuparus trigonus (Von Siebold, 1824) Palinustus unicornutus Berry, 1963 Palinustus waguensis Kubo, 1963 Panulirus albiflagellum Chan and Chu, 1996 Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) Panulirus longipes (A. Milne Edwards, 1868) Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius, 1798) Panulirus pascuensis Reed, 1954 Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791) Panulirus polyphagus ((Herbst, 1793) Panulirus stimpsoni Holthuis, 1963 Panulirus versicolor (Latreille, 1804) Puerulus angulatus (Bate, 1888) Puerulus velutinus Holthuis, 1963 SCYLLARIDAE Arctides regalis Holthuis, 1963 Ibacus brevipes Bate, 1888 Ibacus brucei Holthuis, 1977 Ibacus ciliatus (Von Siebold, 1824) Ibacus novemdentatus Gibbes, 1850 Ibacus peronii Leach, 1815 Ibacus pubescens Holthuis, 1960 Parribacus antarcticus (Lund, 1793) Parribacus caledonicus Holthuis, 1960 Parribacus holthuisi Forest, 1954 Parribacus scarlatinus Holthuis, 1960 Scyllarides haanii (De Haan, 1841) Scyllarides squammosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) Scyllarus aesopius Holthuis, 1960 Scyllarus aureus Holthuis, 1963 Scyllarus aurora Holthuis, 1982 Scyllarus batei Holthuis, 1946 Scyllarus bertholdii Paulson, 1875 Scyllarus bicuspidatus (De Man, 1905) Scyllarus cultrifer (Ortmann, 1897) Scyllarus demani Holthuis, 1946 Scyllarus gibberosus (De Man, 1905) Scyllarus martensii Pfeffer, 1881 Scyllarus rapanus Holthuis, 1993 Scyllarus rugosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 Scyllarus sordidus (Stimpson, 1860) Scyllarus timidus Holthuis, 1960 Scyllarus umbilicatus Holthuis, 1963 Scyllarus vitiensis (Dana, 1852) Thenus orientalis (Lund, 1793) click for next page
click for previous page 982 Lobsters Nephropidae NEPHROPIDAE True lobsters and lobsterettes Diagnostic characters: Moderate to large-sized crustaceans. Body tubular, surface almost naked or covered with thick fur. Carapace (or “head”) with a well-developed rostrum, ornamented with spines or first 3 legs nodules, occasionally smooth. Eyes usually with well developed and black, or small and lack- pincers ing pigmentation, or even absent. Antennae very long and thread-like; antennal scale, if present, with inner margin unarmed and 1 curved. First 3 pairs of legs forming true pincers, with the first pair greatly enlarged and long. Both abdomen and tail fan well developed and powerful. Abdomen smooth or variously sculptured, pleura ending in acute ventral tooth. Tail fan entirely hardened, telson with fixed spines and posterior margin broadly convex. Colour: with the typical coloration of deep-sea crustaceans - from white to pink or red, some species with special markings (usually red and/or white) on body; setae or hairs, if present, are light brown. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: All species are deep-sea forms and found at depths from 150 to more than 1 893 m. Their adult sizes are ranging from 5 cm to over 40 cm. They are bottom-dwellers with a preference for soft substrate. Some species are known to live in self-made burrows. The sexes are easily distinguished by the position of the gonopores, which are situated at the bases of the third and fifth legs in the females and males, respectively. In addition, the first pleopods (“legs” of the abdomen) of males are transformed into a strong and rigid penlike copulatory organ while they are reduced and thread-like in females. The females bear large and colourful eggs (white, blue or red, and other colours) on the ventral side of the abdomen. They seem to have a long incubation period, but a short larval development. At present, none of the species of this family is of significant commercial importance in the Western Central Pacific. However, the large size of several species and the fact that some of them are commonly caught on the basis of exploratory trawling suggest that they may have some commercial potential with the development of deep-sea fisheries. This is especially the case with members of the genus Metanephrops, which are treated here in separate species accounts. st 1 rostrum well developed pincer enlarged 2 3 4 5 median carina pleura with ventral tooth tail fan hardened gonopore leg 3 leg 4 leg 5 male sperm receptacle female bases of last 3 legs in nephropids gonopore abdominal sternite copulatory stylets male female first pleopods of nephropids reduced, thread-like
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click for previous page iv Table of
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vi Page Brachaeluridae . . . . . .
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688 Cephalopods Introduction and Ge
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690 Cephalopods Principal PRINCIPAL
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692 Cephalopods To examine the cont
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694 Cephalopods Chitin(ous) - a hor
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696 Cephalopods Ink sac - the struc
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698 Cephalopods Spermatophore groov
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700 Cephalopods 6a. Fins small and
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702 Cephalopods 15a. Surface of man
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704 Cephalopods 23a. Arms short, ty
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706 Cephalopods Order SEPIIDA - Cut
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708 Cephalopods List of Familes LIS
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710 Cephalopods Key to the species
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712 Cephalopods Sepiolidae SEPIOLID
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714 Cephalopods Eupryma morsei (Ver
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716 Cephalopods Rossia bipapillata
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718 Cephalopods Sepiolina nipponens
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720 Cephalopods Sepiadarium kochii
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722 Cephalopods Spirulidae SPIRULID
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724 Cephalopods anterior last locul
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726 Cephalopods it may be necessary
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728 Cephalopods 4a. Five to 6 wine-
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730 Cephalopods 11a. Tentacular clu
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732 Cephalopods 23a. Hectocotylus w
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734 Cephalopods List of species occ
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736 Cephalopods Sepiidae Sepia acul
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click for previous page 738 Cephalo
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740 Cephalopods Sepia brevimana Ste
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742 Cephalopods Sepia esculenta Hoy
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744 Cephalopods Sepia latimanus Quo
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746 Cephalopods Sepia opipara (Ired
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748 Cephalopods Sepia pharaonis Ehr
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752 Cephalopods Sepia rozella (Ired
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754 Cephalopods Sepia stellifera Ho
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756 Cephalopods Sepiella inermis F
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758 Cephalopods Sepia bartletti (Ir
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760 Cephalopods Sepia mestus Gray,
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762 Cephalopods Sepia vossi Khromov
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766 Cephalopods Loligo reesi (Voss,
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768 Cephalopods 6a. Gladius relativ
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770 Cephalopods ventral view Fig. 1
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772 Cephalopods Nipponololigo beka
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774 Cephalopods “Photololigo chin
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776 Cephalopods “Photololigo edul
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778 Cephalopods “Sepioteuthis les
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780 Cephalopods Loliolus affinis St
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782 Cephalopods Similar families oc
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784 Cephalopods Onychoteuthidae ONY
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786 Cephalopods List of species occ
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790 Cephalopods 4a. Mantle very sle
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792 Cephalopods Nototodarus hawaiie
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794 Cephalopods Sthenoteuthis ouala
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796 Cephalopods Todaropsis eblanae
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798 Cephalopods Chiroteuthidae CHIR
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802 Cephalopods Ocythoidae (suborde
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804 Cephalopods 5a. Distinctly elon
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806 Cephalopods 14a. Small, elongat
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808 Cephalopods 22a. Pale longitudi
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810 Cephalopods Cistopus indicus (R
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812 Cephalopods Octopus cyanea Gray
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814 Cephalopods Octopus cf. luteus
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816 Cephalopods Octopus nocturnus N
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818 Cephalopods Octopus tetricus Go
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820 Cephalopods Ameloctopus litoral
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822 Cephalopods Octopus abaculus No
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824 Cephalopods Octopus australis H
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826 Cephalopods Octopus polyzenia G
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828 Stomatopods Technical Terms and
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830 Stomatopods propodus of HARPIOS
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832 Stomatopods ODONTODACTYLIDAE Od
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834 Stomatopods Odontodactylus scyl
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836 Stomatopods 2a. Antennal protop
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838 Stomatopods Harpiosquillidae HA
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840 Stomatopods 8a. Rostral plate l
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842 Stomatopods Squillidae SQUILLID
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844 Stomatopods 7a. Dorsal surface
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846 Stomatopods Cloridopsis scorpio
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848 Stomatopods Oratosquillina grav
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click for previous page SHRIMPS AND
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Technical Terms and Measurements 85
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General Remarks 855 The terms “sh
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List of Families 857 List of Famili
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Infraorder Penaeidae, Superfamily S
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Sergestidae 861 6a. Lower antennula
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Sergestidae 863 Acetes intermedius
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Sergestidae 865 Acetes vulgaris Han
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Superfamily Penaeoidea 867 Caridea:
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Aristeidae 869 Similar families occ
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Aristeidae 871 List of species occu
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Aristeidae 873 Aristeus virilis (Ba
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Solenoceridae 875 Solenoceridae SOL
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Solenoceridae 877 Stenopodidae: thi
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Solenoceridae 879 9a. Anterior end
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Solenoceridae 881 Haliporoides sibo
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Solenoceridae 883 Solenocera crassi
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Solenoceridae 885 Solenocera alfons
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Solenoceridae 887 Solenocera koelbe
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click for previous page Penaeidae 8
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Penaeidae 891 Sergestidae: size sma
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Penaeidae 893 9a. Carapace without
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Penaeidae 895 2a. Rostrum armed wit
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Penaeidae 897 17a. In males, basial
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Penaeidae 899 5a. Epigastric spine
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Penaeidae 901 2a. In males, petasma
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Penaeidae 903 9a. Adrostral crest e
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Penaeidae 905 Metapenaeopsis mannar
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click for previous page Penaeidae 9
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Penaeidae 909 Metapenaeus anchistus
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Penaeidae 911 Metapenaeus intermedi
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Penaeidae 913 Parapenaeopsis hardwi
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Penaeidae 915 Penaeus esculentus Ha
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Penaeidae 917 Penaeus japonicus Bat
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Penaeidae 919 Penaeus longistylus K
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Penaeidae 921 Penaeus merguiensis D
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Penaeidae 923 Penaeus penicillatus
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Penaeidae 925 Penaeus semisulcatus
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Penaeidae 927 Trachypenaeus curviro
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Page 247 and 248: Penaeidae 931 Metapenaeopsis novaeg
Page 249 and 250: Penaeidae 933 Metapenaeopsis wellsi
Page 251 and 252: Penaeidae 935 Metapenaeus conjunctu
Page 253 and 254: Penaeidae 937 Metapenaeus eboracens
Page 255 and 256: Penaeidae 939 Metapenaeus lysianass
Page 257 and 258: click for previous page Penaeidae 9
Page 259 and 260: Penaeidae 943 Parapenaeopsis gracil
Page 261 and 262: Penaeidae 945 Parapenaeopsis tenell
Page 263 and 264: Penaeidae 947 Parapenaeus longipes
Page 265 and 266: Penaeidae 949 Trachypenaeus gonospi
Page 267 and 268: Penaeidae 951 Trachypenaeus villalu
Page 269 and 270: Sicyoniidae 953 Solenoceridae: body
Page 271 and 272: Stenopodidae 955 Stenopodidae Infra
Page 273 and 274: Infraorder Caridea 957 Infraorder C
Page 275 and 276: Infraorder Caridea 959 Superfamily
Page 277 and 278: Atyidae/Hippolytidae 961 Caridina w
Page 279 and 280: Hymenoceridae 963 Hymenoceridae HYM
Page 281 and 282: Palaemonidae 965 Exopalaemon stylif
Page 283 and 284: click for previous page Palaemonida
Page 285 and 286: Palaemonidae/Pandalidae 969 Palaemo
Page 287 and 288: Rhynchocinetidae 971 Rhynchocinetid
Page 289 and 290: 974 Lobsters Technical Terms and Me
Page 291 and 292: 976 Lobsters General Remarks GENERA
Page 293 and 294: 978 Lobsters ENOPLOMETOPIDAE Page 9
Page 295: 980 Lobsters List of FamiliesLIST a
Page 299 and 300: 984 Lobsters Palinuridae: carapace
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Page 303 and 304: 988 Lobsters Acanthacaris tenuimana
Page 305 and 306: 990 Lobsters Metanephrops thomsoni
Page 307 and 308: 992 Lobsters Metanephrops andamanic
Page 309 and 310: 994 Lobsters Metanephrops velutinus
Page 311 and 312: 996 Lobsters Similar families occur
Page 313 and 314: 998 Lobsters 3a. Carapace with 5 me
Page 315 and 316: 1000 Lobsters Enoplometopus holthui
Page 317 and 318: 1002 Lobsters Enoplometopidae: body
Page 319 and 320: 1004 Lobsters Palibythus magnificus
Page 321 and 322: 1006 Lobsters gonopore female leg 1
Page 323 and 324: 1008 Lobsters Synaxidae: body very
Page 325 and 326: 1010 Lobsters Key to the species of
Page 327 and 328: 1012 Lobsters Key to the species of
Page 329 and 330: 1014 Lobsters 8a. Antennular plate
Page 331 and 332: 1016 Lobsters Panulirus homarus (Li
Page 333 and 334: 1018 Lobsters Panulirus ornatus (Fa
Page 335 and 336: 1020 Lobsters Panulirus polyphagus
Page 337 and 338: 1022 Lobsters Justitia chani Poupin
Page 339 and 340: 1024 Lobsters Linuparus sordidus Br
Page 341 and 342: 1026 Lobsters Panulirus pascuensis
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Page 345 and 346: 1030 Lobsters 5a. Medium size (adul
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1032 Lobsters 2a. Articulated parts
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1034 Lobsters Ibacus ciliatus (Von
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1036 Lobsters Ibacus pubescens Holt
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click for previous page 1038 Lobste
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1040 Lobsters Thenus orientalis (Lu
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1042 Lobsters Parribacus holthuisi
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click for previous page CRABS by P.
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Technical Terms and Measurements 10
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General Remarks 1049 Poisonous Crab
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General Remarks 1051 Adult male and
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General Remarks 1053 longitudinally
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Imported Crabs of Commercial Import
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Guide to Families 1057 CALAPPIDAE P
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Guide to Families 1059 PORTUNIDAE P
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Guide to Families/Key to Brachyura
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Key to Brachyura 1063 Fig. 9 Cyclod
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Key to Brachyura 1065 13a. Opening
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Key to Brachyura 1067 18a. Antennae
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Key to Brachyura 1069 Fig. 46 Atele
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Key to Brachyura 1071 30a. Last pai
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Key to Brachyura 1073 strongly recu
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Key to Brachyura 1075 42a. Longitud
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Key to Anomura 1077 48a. Male first
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Key to Anomura 1079 a) Fig. 103 Coe
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List of Families 1081 * CHEIRAGONID
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click for previous page Infraorder
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Dromiidae 1085 Dromiidae DROMIIDAE
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Dromiidae 1087 Dromia dormia (Linna
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Raninidae 1089 Raninidae RANINIDAE
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Calappidae 1091 Calappidae CALAPPID
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Calappidae 1093 3a. Entire posterio
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Calappidae 1095 Matuta victor (Fabr
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Calappidae 1097 Calappa hepatica (L
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Xanthidae 1099 Key to species of in
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Xanthidae 1101 Etisus splendidus Ra
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click for previous page Eriphiidae
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Eriphiidae 1105 6a. Dorsal surface
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Eriphiidae 1107 Menippe rumphii (Fa
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Eriphiidae 1109 Myomenippe fornasin
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Carpiliidae 1111 Carpilius convexus
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Pilumnidae 1113 A single species of
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click for previous page Portunidae
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Portunidae 1117 6a. Posterior borde
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Portunidae 1119 16a. Carapace with
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Portunidae 1121 Charybdis japonica
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Portunidae 1123 Podophthalmus vigil
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Portunidae 1125 Portunus sanguinole
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Portunidae 1127 The differences in
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Portunidae 1129 Thalamita crenata (
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Portunidae 1131 Charybdis annulata
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Geryonidae 1133 3a. Anterolateral m
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Geryonidae 1135 Chaceon australis M
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Majidae 1137 Schizophrys aspera (H.
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Grapsidae 1139 2a. Carapace squaris
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Grapsidae 1141 Key to food species
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Grapsidae 1143 Episesarma versicolo
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Grapsidae 1145 Episesarma chengtong
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click for previous page Gecarcinida
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Gecarcinidae 1149 Cardisoma carnife
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Gecarcinidae 1151 Cardisoma hirtipe
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Ocypodidae 1153 Ocypode ceratophtha
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Infraorder Anomura - Coenobitidae 1
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1158 Holothurians General Remarks G
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1160 Holothurians dentritic peltate
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1162 Holothurians oral tentacles ge
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1164 Holothurians Interradii (or in
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1166 Holothurians 11a. Tables with
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1168 Holothurians Actinopyga maurit
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1170 Holothurians Actinopyga palaue
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1172 Holothurians Bohadschia argus
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1174 Holothurians Bohadschia vitien
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1176 Holothurians Holothuria (Halod
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1178 Holothurians Holothuria (Merte
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1180 Holothurians Holothuria (Metri
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1182 Holothurians Holothuria (Micro
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1184 Holothurians Pearsonothuria gr
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1186 Holothurians Stichopus chloron
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1188 Holothurians Stichopus variega
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1190 Holothurians Thelenota anax Cl
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1192 Hagfishes MYXINIDAE Hagfishes
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1194 Sharks Technical Terms and Mea
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1196 Sharks General Remarks GENERAL
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1198 Sharks Key to Families KEY TO
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1200 Sharks 12a. No lobe and groove
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1202 Sharks 21a. First dorsal fin l
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1204 Sharks PRISTIOPHORIDAE: Sawsha
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1206 Sharks PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE: False
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click for previous page 1208 Sharks
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1210 Sharks Heptranchias perlo (Bon
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1212 Sharks Key to the species of E
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1214 Sharks Squatinidae: trunk much
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1216 Sharks 11a. Diagonal distance
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1218 Sharks 20a. Upper teeth relati
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1220 Sharks 29a. Denticles on sides
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1222 Sharks Etmopterus molleri Whi
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1224 Sharks Centrophorus niaukang T
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1226 Sharks Etmopterus brachyurus S
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1228 Sharks Euprotomicrus bispinatu
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1230 Sharks Squalus megalops (Macle
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1232 Sharks Squalus sp. F [Last and
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1234 Sharks Key to the species of P
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1236 Sharks Rays (Batoidea): pector
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1238 Sharks HETERODONTIDAE Bullhead
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1240 Sharks Heterodontus galeatus (
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1242 Sharks List of species occurri
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1244 Sharks Key to the species of B
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1246 Sharks Similar families occurr
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1248 Sharks Orectolobus ornatus (de
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1250 Sharks Ginglymostomatidae: pre
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1252 Sharks 7a. Black spot behind g
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1254 Sharks Chiloscyllium hasselti
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1256 Sharks Chiloscyllium plagiosum
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1258 Sharks Hemiscyllium freycineti
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1260 Sharks GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE Nurs
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1262 Sharks A single species in thi
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1264 Sharks Odontaspididae ODONTASP
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1266 Sharks Carcharias taurus Rafin
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1270 Sharks Key to the species of A
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1272 Sharks Alopias superciliosus (
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1274 Sharks LAMNIDAE Mackerel shark
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1276 Sharks Carcharodon carcharias
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1278 Sharks Isurus paucus Guitart M
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1280 Sharks Key to the species of S
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1282 Sharks 13a. Pectoral fin broad
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1284 Sharks 25a. Labial furrows ver
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1286 Sharks Apristurus herklotsi (F
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1288 Sharks Atelomycterus macleayi
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1290 Sharks Galeus gracilis Compagn
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1292 Sharks Scyliorhinus garmani (F
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1294 Sharks Triakidae: no gill rake
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1298 Sharks Proscylliidae: gill rak
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1300 Sharks 9a. Snout bluntly round
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1302 Sharks Galeorhinus galeus (Lin
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1304 Sharks Mustelus antarcticus G
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1306 Sharks Similar families occurr
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1308 Sharks Chaenogaleus macrostoma
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1310 Sharks Hemipristis elongatus (
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1314 Sharks Odontaspididae: fifth g
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1316 Sharks 6a. Second dorsal-fin o
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1318 Sharks 12a. Head very flat and
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1320 Sharks 22a. Second dorsal fin
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1322 Sharks 30a. Usually 11 lower a
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1324 Sharks List of species occurri
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1326 Sharks Carcharhinus altimus (S
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1328 Sharks Carcharhinus amblyrhync
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1330 Sharks Carcharhinus borneensis
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1332 Sharks Carcharhinus brevipinna
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1334 Sharks Carcharhinus dussumieri
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1336 Sharks Carcharhinus fitzroyens
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1338 Sharks Carcharhinus hemiodon (
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1340 Sharks Carcharhinus limbatus (
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1342 Sharks Carcharhinus macloti (M
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1344 Sharks Carcharhinus obscurus (
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1346 Sharks Carcharhinus sealei (Pi
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1348 Sharks Carcharhinus tilstoni (
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1350 Sharks Lamiopsis temmincki (M
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1352 Sharks Negaprion acutidens (R
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1354 Sharks Rhizoprionodon acutus (
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1356 Sharks Rhizoprionodon taylori
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1358 Sharks Triaenodon obesus (Rüp
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1360 Sharks Glyphis sp. B En - Born
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1362 Sharks 2a. Anterior margin of
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1364 Sharks Sphyrna lewini (Griffit
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1366 Sharks Sphyrna zygaena (Linnae
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1368 The Living Marine Resources of
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FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE FO
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Carpenter, K.E.; Niem, V.H. (eds) F
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FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes Western

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