on the <strong>Army</strong> Staff believe that the LAM process might have some utility for the <strong>Army</strong> outside of Force XXI. Many who served on the Task Force during its last year, as well as others, believed that the LAM process and the LAM Task Force had served the <strong>Army</strong> well. <strong>The</strong>y also believed that LAM and the Task Force provided a capability for continuing to serve the <strong>Army</strong>'s leadership and for handling change that many <strong>Army</strong> leaders did not understand, appreciate, or use very effectively. 84 <strong>The</strong>y were particularly frustrated by the leadership's apparent indecision about what they should be doing next and did not understand why the <strong>Army</strong> should reject the support for agile strategic decisionmaking that the process provided a Chief of Staff.25 Most realized only later that LAM and the Task Force seem to have represented a management style more appropriate to the former Chief of Staff than his successor. GEN Reimer would manage change by other means. <strong>The</strong> <strong>Modern</strong> <strong>Louisiana</strong> <strong>Maneuvers</strong>
I Interview, Sullivan with Yarrison, 29 April 1997 , pp. 14-15; Interview, Blodgett with Yarrison, 15 August 1996, pp. 30-31; Interview, Rodgers with Yarrison, 28 June 1996, pp. 47-49. 2 See remarks ascribed to Reimer in Interview, Blodgett with Yarrison, 15 August 1996, pp. 30-3l. 3 Report to GEN Dennis ]. Reimer, June 1995, from his Transition Team. See also Interview, Rodgers with Yarrison, 28 June 1996, pp. 47-48. 4 Interview, Blackwell with Yarrison, 16 October 1996, pp. 16-19; Interview, Cowell with Yarrison, 2 July 1996, pp. 25-26. 5 Memorandum, COL Richard Dunn, Chief of the CSA's Staff Group, to Reimer, 15 November 1995, sub: RE : LAM TF, lays out Reimer's options for dealing with the Task Force's future. Historian's files. 6Interview, Cowell with Yarrison, 2 July 1996, pp. 30-32; Interview, Ohle with Yarrison, 12 August 1996, pp. 53-54. 7 Sullivan and Harper (Hope Is Not a Method, pp. 83-87) describe their use of the "after next" technique of visualizing the future. <strong>The</strong>ir thinking was influenced by a paper by Paul Bracken of Yale University, "<strong>The</strong> <strong>Military</strong> After Next," June 23, 1993, in Sullivan Papers, CSA Papers , Box 5B of 8, Folder 1, July 1993, file 8; copy in historian's files. See also Robert B. Killebrew, "<strong>The</strong> <strong>Army</strong> After Next," Armed Forces Journal International, October 1996, pp. 36, 38, 43-45; and Robert H. Scales, "Cycles of War," Armed Forces Journal International, July 1997, pp. 38, 40-42. 8 See e-mail message, from Reimer to Board of Directors attendees, 13 July 1995, sub: Force XXI. See also Force XXI Board of Directors Presentation Book, 11 July 1995, Tab D, GHQx95-Wrap-up. Both in LAM TF Files, Box 9, File 4-23. GEN Sullivan pointed out (Interview, Sullivan with Yarrison, 29 April 1997 , pp. 10-11) that despite his having done away with Force XXI Board of Directors meetings, GEN Reimer continued to convene Boards of Directors to address specific topiCS, whether the new <strong>Of</strong>ficer Personnel Management System or doctrine . He also pOinted out (pp. 33-34) that the winter and summer wargames being conducted at Carlisle bore a remarkable resemblance to GHQ exercises. In actuality, Reimer conducted quarterly Board of Directors meetings of his Title 10 commanders, the VCSA, the DCSOPS, and other <strong>Army</strong> senior commanders available almost throughout his tenure. <strong>The</strong>se meetings usually were focused on a single topic and were conducted on weekends, away from the Pentagon. 9 Memorandum from COL Cowell, DACS-LM, for Vice Chief of Staff, <strong>Army</strong>, 10 October 1995, sub Distribution of FY 96 LAM Issue Investigation Support Funds-ACTION MEMORANDUM, with enclosures; in LAM TF Files, Box 10, File 5-2a. See also Notes LAM Task Force Roundtable, Afternoon Session, 15 May 1996, pp. 83-85. 10 Comments ascribed to Reimer in Interview, Cowell with Yarrison, 2 July 1996, pp. 34-36. See also e-mail from Cowell to Yarrison, 19 August 1997, sub: LAM <strong>History</strong> Questions. Immediately after the 11 July BoD meeting, Cowell called a LAM TF directors' meeting for 27 July at Fort Leavenworth. <strong>The</strong> agenda included discussion of the draft LOI that had been prepared for the CSA to give to BG Hamilton and the specified and implied tasks that the TF would seek to accomplish in the near fu ture, including a greater emphasis on information synthesis. In LAM TF Files, Box 1, File 3-3a. II <strong>Louisiana</strong> <strong>Maneuvers</strong> Task Force Internal Phone &: E-Mail Directory, 12 February 1996. Historian's files. 12 Memorandum Thru Director, LAM Task Force, to Director of the <strong>Army</strong> Staff, from LTC Brown, 30 November 1995, sub: After Action Report (AAR) of the 1995 <strong>Army</strong> Experiment (LAM TF Files, Box 16, File 8-10cl) and A<strong>US</strong>A Annual Convention (w/enclosures) , and Cubic Applications, Inc., 31 March 1997, sub : Consolidated After Action Report of <strong>Army</strong> Experiments 1, 2, &: 3, approved by LTC Brown, in LAM TF Files, Box 15, File 8-10a. Interview, Brown with Yarrison, 6 August 1996, passim. 13 Interview, Peay with Hunt and Sherry, 18 July 1994, pp. 11-16; e-mail, Cowell to Yarrison, 27 October 1997; Peay's 12 February 1992 memorandum for Sullivan and Reimer, sub : <strong>Louisiana</strong> <strong>Maneuvers</strong>- 1994, which responded to Sullivan's 10 January tasking to him, same subject. LAM TF Records, Box 1, File 3-2c. 14 Message, from LAM TF (DACS-LM) to <strong>Army</strong> MACOMs and unified commands, 271800Z Oct 95, sub: Commander's Critical Information Requirement (CCIR) for Force XXI <strong>Army</strong> Redesign Decisions. References A-C describe the several meetings in which the CCIR was presented. In LAM TF Files, Box 3, File 3-61. E-mail, Cowell to Yarrison, 27 October 1997. Historian's files. 15 Draft charter and Memorandum for Record by LTC Michael Barbero, sub : 170900 Oct Briefing to VCSA on LAM TF, with a Task Force briefing slide, all covered by a 24 Oct note from Barbero, Cowell's XO, to LTC James ("Spider") Marks , the LAM/Futures POC in Reimer's Staff Group, forwarding them to Marks. <strong>The</strong> draft charter lists several functions the Task Force might serve for the Chief and the Vice Chief, most of them extensions of functions they performed for Sullivan. In LAM TF Files, Box 1, File 3-l. 1 6 Memorandum from Marks, DACS-ZAA , thru COL Dunn for GEN Reimer, 19 October 1995, sub: Future of the LAM TF, which recommends the Task Force's elimination. Historian's files. Institutionalizing LAM and Disbanding the Task Force 85
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We live in an era of dynamic change
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The preparation of this history of
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THE MODERN LOUISIANA MANEUVERS CHAN
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in the GOWGs and BoDs either had so
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Chapter Page 4. Institutionalizing
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On 9 March 1992, GEN Gordon R. Sull
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gers of being unprepared. He recoun
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Infantry Division (Mechanized) (lst
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Figure 1 A Sense of History "Strate
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R. Gabel's recently published book,
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quisition cycles, and save money an
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among the players contributed great
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BG To mmy R. Franks ODCSOPS draft c
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the briefing and established the or
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where and in what quantities, using
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1 Final Report of the Special Study
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29 See Interview, Nelson with Yarri
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10-11. See also Peay's letter to BG
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• Responsibility will remain hier
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Appendix ] CHIEF OF STAFF MESSAGE L
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Appendix K ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEWS
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Abrams, GEN Creighton W: 1, 7 Adams