The Modern Louisiana Maneuvers - US Army Center Of Military History

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widely distributed video with senior-officer voiceovers that displayed highlights of the meeting. He only confirmed the next Board of Directors meeting for 3- 5 March 1993 to BG Franks during a trip to Redstone Arsenal and Fort Rucker, Alabama, on 4-5 February 1993. See Memorandum for Distribution from Sullivan, 11 February 1993, sub: Trip to Redstone Arsenal and Fort Rucker, Alabama, in LAM TF Files, Box 1, File 3-4b . See letter, Valliant to Yarrison, 6 November 1997, p. 15. Subsequent Board of Directors meetings took place on 3-5 March 1993, 20 October 1993, 13-14 July 1994, 20-21 October 1994, 1-3 March 1995, and 11 July 1995. 15 Interview, Rodgers with Yarrison, 28 June 1996, pp. 8-11, 18-19. See also CMH Memorandum for Chief, RA, from Yarrison, 9 December 1992, sub: Louisiana Maneuvers (LAM) GO Wo rking Group (GOWG) Meeting. See also the Electronic Meeting System printouts from the meeting in historian's reference files. Subsequent GOWGs took place 28-29 July 1993, 15-16 February 1994, 24-25 August 1994, 15-16 February 1995, and 3-4 October 1995. 16 Assessments of the effectiveness of the Board of Directors concept have been mixed, though building consensus among the Army's leaders through such a device was one of the original recommendations of Sullivan's transition team. See Chapter 1 above, n. 1. For the range of assessments, see Interview, Rodgers with Yarrison, 28 June 1996, pp. 21-26; Interview, Harper with Yarrison, 2 October 1996, pp. 22-25; Interview, Franks with Yarrison, 18 February 1997, pp. 12-15; Interview, Sullivan with Yarrison, 29 April 1997 , pp. 10-12; Interview, Tilelli with Yarrison, 26 January 1998, pp. 2-5. See also e-mail memorandum from BG Franks to GEN Franks, 11 August 1992, sub: Visit with GEN Saint, in LAM TF Files, Box 2, File 3-4f. 17 Interview, Paige with Yarrison, 15 August 1996, p. 2. 18 Message, PEO Command and Control Systems, personal for multiple addressees, 291222ZJuly 1993, sub: Digitized Mapping, agrees that "our goal should be a map display in every combat vehicle " In LAM TF Files, Box 3, File 3-6e2. See also Interview, LeCuyer with Yarrison, 23 October 1996, pp 14-16. 19 Franks' letter to Mountcastle, 23 February 1998, in historian's files. 20 Interview, Franks with Yarrison, 18 February 1997, pp. 24-25. See also John L. Romjue, American Army Doctrinefor the Post-Cold Wa r, pp. 137-138. 21 Franks' letter to Mountcastle, 23 February 1998. 22 Interview, COL (Ret.) John Klevecz with Dr. Susan Canedy, 16 July 1996, p. 7. Funk briefed Sullivan and Franks on battlefield digitization efforts and plans as part of a VTC held at Monroe during Sullivan's visit there on 21 August 1992. 23 Interview, Franks with Yarrison, 18 February 1997, pp. 24-26. Franks' letter to Mountcastle, 23 February 1998. In all those places and in Tom Clancy with Franks, Into the Storm: A Study in Command (pp. 52 509-510), Franks particularly notes the importance of his conversations, beginning at the NTC, with the platoon sergeant of the MIA2 platoon, then-SFC Philip Johndrow, and how those discussions opened his eyes to the possibilities for nearly every aspect of fu ture warfare inherent in an accurate, common relevant picture of the battlefield. 24 Messages from GEN Franks Personal for GEN Sullivan, 061533Z Apr 93, sub Advanced Warfighting Demo of Battlefield Synchronization (AWDBS), and 011705Z Sep 93, sub : Advanced Warfighting Demonstration (AWD): Battlefield Synchronization, reporting to Sullivan on the results of the March-April demonstration and the July 93 exercise at the NTC with the 1st Cavalry Division, both messages in historian's files. See also John W Cranston, U. S. Army Armor Center and Fort Knox Annual Command History, 1 January 1993 to 31 December 1993, pp. 63-70, for discussions of the experiments and of planning for AWE DESERT HAM MER VI (NTC 94-07) in April 1994. For a summary, see John C. Johnston, "The Journey to Force XXI's Mounted Component," Armor. CIII:2 (March-April 1994), 14-16. 25 Interview, Franks with Yarrison, 18 February 1997, pp. 24-27; Interview, Maggart with Yarrison, 27 September 1996, pp. 31, 43; Interview, Sullivan with Yarrison, 29 April 1997, pp. 21-22. Maggart jOined Funk as his Assistant Commandant at Knox in 1994 and succeeded Funk as Commandant when the latter moved on to corps command. See also Sullivan writing in his sketch books, 24 April 1994, in Sullivan Papers, Personal Papers, Sketch Books, December 1989-February 1995, Box 1 of 5, Sketchbook #8 , April-December 1994, "NTC: To ok a risk, not a big one but a risk, and it apparently paid off. My goal was to conduct experiment with purpose of beginning process of real change-set next CSA up-get press telling our story, excite Army, involve industry, move into 21st century. Real risk was it would collapse of its own weight. Press would declare failure & whatever support we had in Congress and amongst informed public would evaporate. Failure would have been seen as 'proof' Army is really Willie and Joe & not high tech-take it down & bring it back when needed." See also Sullivan and Harper,_Hope Is Not a Method, pp. 175-176. See also the comments in Interview, Blackwell with Yarrison, 16 October 1996, pp. 11-12, 31-33; and Interview, Hubbard with Yarrison, 9 July 1996, pp. 14, 28-29, and 16 July 1996, pp. 29-33. Sullivan later observed (Letter, Sullivan to Mountcastle, 1 July 1998), "By 1994 I had become experienced enough to know [that] much of what was being touted as an experiment was in reality a demonstration, rather than a reasonably controlled scientific experiment capable of withstanding scrutiny on Capitol Hill and a close look within DOD. Thus the requirement for up front hypotheses and MOE, and the involvement of OPTEC and Army Audit Agency in the process." In historian's files. The Modern Louisiana Maneuvers
26 Message from Cdr SigCen to PEOs, PMs, and TRADOC School/Center Commandants/Commanders, 171928Z Mar 93, sub: Brigade and Below Data Distribution, references a 17 February 1993 Senior Officer Review at which GEN Franks asked the Signal Center to resolve standardization of protocols and battlefield functional areas. Numerous meetings and communications over the course of the next seven months led to discussions of concerns about the capabilities of different systems and standards with only partial resolution of the issues. See extensive documentation in historian's files. 27 Sullivan, Comments, 17 October 1997, p. 2. See also Interview, MG Ronald E. Adams with Yarrison, 13 February 1998, pp. 1-3, and Interview, Tilelli with Yarrison, 26 January 1998, pp. 5-9. Tilelli observed that at the point where Adams' STF was established, the Army's leadership was still grappling with what digitization meant and portended. As Adams points out in the interview cited, his STF's definition of digitization was the first he had seen. 28 Interview, Adams with Yarrison, 13 February 1998, pp. 6-10. The Director of Information Systems, Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (DISC4) is a member of the Army Secretariat. The Director of Program Analysis and Evaluation is an Army Staff officer in OCSA. See also Briefing, STF on Digitization, ''The Army Vision: Control the OPTEMPO + Control the Environment + Control the Battlespace = The Digitized Battlefield," 22 December 1993, passim. See, in addition, Interview, Oder with LTC James J Carafano, 23 September 1996, passim. 29 See Appendix G, A Chronology of Army Digitization Efforts, 1991-1995, with associated documents, in historian's files. See also Interview, Oder with LTC James J Carafano, 23 September 1996, pp. 4-6, and Interview, Rigby with Carafano, 17 September 1996, pp. 4- 16. 30 GOWG II Executive Summary for BG Franks, undated, Tab E, Issue 10. See also Board of Directors Meeting II, 5 March 1993, Issue: Exploitation of Space; and Louisiana Maneuvers Board of Directors Meeting, 20 October 1993, Tab F-8, Exploitation of Space, which includes the issue evaluation plan. In LAM TF Files: Box 5, File 4-3; Box 5, File 4-5; and Box 6, File 4-9, respectively. 31 Interview, LTC Kirby Brown with Yarrison, 6 August 1996, pp. 15-17. See also u.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command Memorandum for the Louisiana Maneuvers Board of Directors, 5 October 1993, sub: Issue Evaluation Plan Executive Summary, with enclosures, in LAM TF Files, Box 11, File 5-3b. See a series of articles in Army, 43: 12 (December 1993): Donald M. Lionetti, "The Shields and Swords of a 21st Century Army, " 16-20; James J Cravens, "Cruise Missiles Become Increasing Threat," 22-25; Tommy R. Franks and Kirby R. Brown, "Meeting the Challenges from Space," 26. Message, CDR USACAC to CJTF Somalia, 011436Z November 1993, sub : Commercially Av ailable Space Based Capabilities, solicits that Commander's input for the design of the package. In LAM TF Files, Box 3, File 3-6e3. See also Memorandum for Sullivan from GEN Franks, 12 January 1994, sub: FY93 LAM Commercial Space Package (CSP), which lays out the package to be acquired, and Sullivan's response, January 1994, sub : SAB, in Sullivan Papers, Correspondence/Flag Letters/General Office/ Message Files, Box 8B of 10, January-February 1994, Folder 4, January 1994 General Office Files, file 13. 32 Messages, Cdr Field Artillery Center to Franks, 171930Z Dec 91, sub: Owning the Night (in Franks, SG AD , MSG-132, pp. 25-26) , and Cdr Signal Center to Franks, 191624Z Dec 91, same sub (in Franks, SG AD , MSG-118, pp. 13-14), respond to Franks' Message to schools/MSCs, 061910Z Nov 91, same sub. Both messages evaluate their respective branches' nightfighting capabilities. See also TRADOC DCS CDD chart for HQ, TRADOC, Review and AnalYSiS, 1st Qtr, FY 92, 11 Feb 92, sub: Owning the Night. The chart lists actions taken to that point, indicating the effort: "involves partiCipation of CG and DCS CDD; answers CSA question to CG; all TRADOC schools/MSCs participating; AMC partiCipating; TF assembled for Jan [92] assessment; assessment includes: night vision, electro-optical, primary weapons systems, radar, laser, lEW, and satellite systems." In Franks, SG AD ALPHA-063, HQ TRADOC Semi Annual Review and Analysis, 21 February 1992. MG White (in "Owning the Night," Infantry, May-June 1992, 1-2) discusses night fighting equipment. Franks established the Dismounted Battlespace Battle Lab in August 1992 and assigned owning-the-night responsibilities to it. Additional discussions, experiments, and briefings led to a Senior Officer Review at Ft. Benning, 3 December 1992, that included owning the night, the week before GOWG II. See Letter, White to Franks, 10 December 1992, sub: Senior Officer Review, in Franks, SG AD , COR-098, MG Jerry A. White. See copy of the charter, Franks to White, 26 January 1993, in historian's files, original at DBBL. See Appendix F 33 Interview, COL William Hubbard with Yarrison, 9 July 1996, pp. 22-23, and 16July 1996, pp. 38-40. See also, Interview, Franks with Yarrison, 18 February 1997, pp. 24-25. 34 See Second LAM GOWG, 7-8 December 1992, files in which "continuous operations" is defined as an issue. LAM TF Files, Box 5, File 4-3. See also Louisiana Maneuvers Board of Directors Meeting, 20 October 1993, booklet, Tab F, '94 Issue Evaluation Plans, Tab 7, Continuous Operations, in LAM TF Files, Box 6, File 4-9. See also Appendix F, Owning the Night Chronology. Supporting documents in Historian's files. 35 See Sullivan message, 191223Z Oct 92, sub: Louisiana Maneuvers Board of Directors Meeting, 14 Oct 92, Personal for attendees and others, on the concept coming out of the BoD, in LAM TF Files, Box 5, The Louisiana Maneuvers Process in Action, 1992-1994 53
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We live in an era of dynamic change
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The preparation of this history of
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THE MODERN LOUISIANA MANEUVERS CHAN
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oritized the allocation of LAM seed
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in the GOWGs and BoDs either had so
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Chapter Page 4. Institutionalizing
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Staff, Army, to execute the Louisia
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Appendix C MODERN LOUISIANA MANEUVE
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DATE 3-4 Oct 16-18 Oct Late Janearl
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tions, or mobilization and deployme
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MAJOR DUTY ASSIGNMENTS Nov 59-Feb 6
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FOREIGN DECORATIONS (in chronologic
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(OTN) assessment. Key points made a
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the AWD , as MG White briefed GEN F
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23 Letter, MG White to GEN Franks,
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team. This demonstration shows the
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ordination with the Army, to develo
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30 January 1995-The ADO issues the
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Meeting on Battlefield Digitization
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Appendix H MEMORANDUM FOR BG TOMMY
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will designate a General Officer st
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Appendix I CHIEF OF STAFF MESSAGE B
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• Responsibility will remain hier
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Appendix ] CHIEF OF STAFF MESSAGE L
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Appendix K ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEWS
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Abrams, GEN Creighton W: 1, 7 Adams
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