The Modern Louisiana Maneuvers - US Army Center Of Military History

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BG To mmy R. Franks ODCSOPS draft charter met a cool response within TRADOC and elsewhere and resulted in a 16 April coordination meeting in which TRADOC and ODCSOPS representatives produced a much revised draft charter. TRADOC forwarded the revised document to LTG Peay on 23 April. As written, it embodies much of what came to be the charter of the LAM Task Force.58 An important aspect of revising the LAM Task Force charter included increasingly elaborate attempts at defining what became the "LAM process"-the procedure by which issues and suggestions from the field Army passed through the LAM chain to the Army's senior leaders for decision. First, the Chief of Staff's "war council" of senior Army leaders was to meet to resolve issues involving scenarios, policy options, and exercise outcomes. The council was to produce an action plan for conducting the LAM exercises. After the exercises, the war council would meet again to discuss their outcomes and recommend adjustments to policy and to provide a focus for the next round of exercises. 59 Sullivan's draft list of expectations also mentioned a General Officer (GO) In-Pro- 20 cess Review OPR) working group, as suggested by LAM Task Force representatives. This group was to consist of general officer representatives of the war council members who would meet to analyze issues the LAM Office had gathered and prepared for their consideration. The participants in the GO IPR meeting would then decide which issues would go to the war council for its consideration. GEN Franks' contemporaneous draft charter included similar language.60 A Staff Group briefing to Sullivan in early May I 992 laid out the terminology that would be associated with the LAM process throughout its existence. It recommended that the LAM Office be labeled the LAM Task Force, the war council be called the LAM Board of Directors, in keeping with its corporate function, and the GO IPR be called a GO Working Group "that clearly has the [responsibility] to represent the Directors ." The briefing also recommended revisions to the draft charter prepared by ODCSOPS and TRADOC 61 The final evolution in terminology, as well as substance, occurred after Sullivan, on 4 May, announced that BG Tommy R. Franks, Assistant Commandant of the U.S. Army Field Artillery School, would become the LAM Task Force's Executive Director. The early May briefing recommended, and Sullivan agreed, that the LAM Task Force's charter should be embodied in a letter of instruction (LO!) to BG Franks. The direct, personal, though widely distributed, letter enabled Sullivan to lay out the operating relationships among the many constituencies that would be involved in LAM ; Sullivan and Harper redrafted most of the LOI on a trip to Canada from 18 to 20 May. Sullivan finalized and signed the LOI on 22 May and dispatched it to all concerned. (Figure 3 depicts the relationship among the various entities in the LAM structure.)62 Forming the Louisiana Maneuvers Task Force Even before January 1992, GEN Franks had begun to use TRADOC resources to launch the Louisiana Maneuvers. At his di- The Modern Louisiana Maneuvers
Figure 3 Board of Directors (BoD) -,J Focus For Maneuver Cycles -,J Approves Issues -,J Senior Advisors to Sec Army &: CSA -,J Members: CSA, VCSA, CINCs, MACOMs DCSOPS, &: Cmdt AWC General Officers Working Group (GOWG) -,J Recommends Issues for LAM Process -,J Defines Conduct of Maneuvers -,J Develops Agenda for BoD rection, COL David Blodgett, the Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Analysis CADCS-A) at TRADOC, and Ronald ]. Radda, a senior civilian analyst in DCS-A, began initial explorations of how to integrate the Army's work on distributed interactive simulations with GEN Sullivan's proposed Louisiana Maneuvers Task Force. Blodgett had served under Franks and Sullivan during their assignments as successive Deputy Commandants of the Command and General Staff College from 1986 to 1988, and during that period he had organized and launched the Army's Battle Command Training Program CBCTP). BCTP, the capstone of the Army's Combat Training Centers Program, was a simulations-based training and assessment exercise program for division and corps staffs . Thus, both generals knew of Blodgett'S ability to develop Significant evaluative and training programs that used simulations. 63 The Genesis of the Louisiana Maneuvers Louisiana Maneuvers Task Force Dir -,J Operating Arm of CSA -,J Principal Coordinator -,J Synchronizes/Conducts the Process I I I I I I _ _ _ _ ...1 Much of Blodgett'S and Radda's work followed along the lines of the contemporaneous work at CAC under LTG Shoffner and COL Smith. They recommended to Franks that DIS should proVide the tools to do the work Sullivan intended for Louisiana Maneuvers. They then analyzed the existing gUidance for aSSigned and implied missions for the LAM and began deriving functions and the organizational structure necessary to accomplish them 64 The Chief of Staff's 2 March luncheon meeting at the Pentagon on Louisiana Maneuvers had provided GEN Franks with the direction he needed to move ahead with organizing the LAM Office. On 5 March, Blodgett briefed Franks on the progress of the mission analysis, laying out for him the functions the LAM Office would perform and the structure and funding it would need over the next three years. Franks approved 21
Page 3 and 4: We live in an era of dynamic change
Page 5 and 6: The preparation of this history of
Page 7 and 8: THE MODERN LOUISIANA MANEUVERS CHAN
Page 9 and 10: oritized the allocation of LAM seed
Page 11: in the GOWGs and BoDs either had so
Page 14 and 15: Chapter Page 4. Institutionalizing
Page 17 and 18: On 9 March 1992, GEN Gordon R. Sull
Page 19 and 20: gers of being unprepared. He recoun
Page 21: Infantry Division (Mechanized) (lst
Page 24: eral Combat Training Centers was on
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1 A Sense of History "Strate
Page 29 and 30: R. Gabel's recently published book,
Page 31: quisition cycles, and save money an
Page 34 and 35: among the players contributed great
Page 38 and 39: the briefing and established the or
Page 40 and 41: where and in what quantities, using
Page 42 and 43: 1 Final Report of the Special Study
Page 44 and 45: 29 See Interview, Nelson with Yarri
Page 46 and 47: 10-11. See also Peay's letter to BG
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 2 THE LOUISIANA MANEUVERS P
Page 51 and 52: Figure 5 tual experimental work on
Page 53 and 54: move an issue from approval by the
Page 55 and 56: ing his own and the process could p
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Page 59 and 60: mercially available, space-based C4
Page 61 and 62: services participated, the Joint St
Page 63 and 64: the Army. For all his efforts and t
Page 65 and 66: eal understanding of what Louisiana
Page 67 and 68: 1 GEN Sullivan to BG Mountcastle, 1
Page 69 and 70: 26 Message from Cdr SigCen to PEOs,
Page 71 and 72: eminded BG Eric Shinseki, the Direc
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 3 REORIENTING LAM: THE FORC
Page 75 and 76: Figure 7 Office of the Director Syn
Page 78 and 79: CONTROL EVENT r-- FY 95 BA DECISION
Page 80 and 81: ties and programs for all to see. W
Page 82 and 83: the GOWGs in importance. In additio
Page 84 and 85: In fact, the Force XXI Campaign sho
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axis. In addition, ODCSOPS controll
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1 Memorandum for See Distribution f
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ful enhancements to the operational
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Chapter 4 INSTITUTIONALIZING LAM AN
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ecause it had no orders to stop and
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quirements (CCIR) (see Figure 11).
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Reimer announced in mid-March that,
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I Interview, Sullivan with Yarrison
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Chapter 5 PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT AN
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Sullivan knew that some members of
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and shortly after Sullivan's term.
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clearer direction from the Chief fo
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1 Sullivan in Sullivan Papers, Pers
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STOW-E SWG Synch TAV TDA TOE TRADOC
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Army Materiel Command (AMC) MACOM
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Staff, Army, to execute the Louisia
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Appendix C MODERN LOUISIANA MANEUVE
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DATE 3-4 Oct 16-18 Oct Late Janearl
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tions, or mobilization and deployme
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MAJOR DUTY ASSIGNMENTS Nov 59-Feb 6
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FOREIGN DECORATIONS (in chronologic
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(OTN) assessment. Key points made a
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the AWD , as MG White briefed GEN F
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23 Letter, MG White to GEN Franks,
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team. This demonstration shows the
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ordination with the Army, to develo
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30 January 1995-The ADO issues the
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Meeting on Battlefield Digitization
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Appendix H MEMORANDUM FOR BG TOMMY
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will designate a General Officer st
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Appendix I CHIEF OF STAFF MESSAGE B
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• Responsibility will remain hier
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Appendix ] CHIEF OF STAFF MESSAGE L
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Appendix K ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEWS
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Abrams, GEN Creighton W: 1, 7 Adams
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