The Modern Louisiana Maneuvers - US Army Center Of Military History

ful enhancements to the operational Army. In LAM
TF Files, Box 1, File 3-3d.
24 LAM Task Force Significant Activities Report
files for 1994 and 1995 in the LAM TF Files, Box 3,
Files 3-5g and h. See also Interview, Blackwell with
Yarrison, 16 October 1996, pp. 10, 13-14.
25 See the Chronology of Army Digitization Efforts,
Appendix G.
26 The game plan for much of the work that the
Joint Venture axis undertook can be glimpsed in Message,
GEN Franks to his subordinate commanders, info
to the CSA and the rest of the Army, 2S1429Z April
1994, sub : The Way Ahead-Post AWE 94-07.
Historian's files. See also TRADOC Pamphlet 525-5, 1
August 1994, Force XXI Operations, particularly p. 2-
6. See also HQDA, Congressional Activities Division,
Army Focus 94: Force XXI: America's Army in The 21st
Century, September 1994, pp. 3S-42. Other publications
are: Lee Smith, "New Ideas from the Army (Really),"
Fortune, 19 September 1994, 203-212; and
''Tomorrow's Wireless Warriors: Digitizing the Battlefield,"
Wireless 4 Oanuary-February 1995), lS-24, 26,
2S. The Wireless article is particularly useful to potential
contractors because it describes (26, 2S) exactly
those technologies the ARL was seeking to investigate.
27 Message, GEN Franks personal for Sullivan,
2S144SZ April 1994, sub: AWE 94-07 Hot Wash.
Franks discusses how emerging insights from the AWE
point the way ahead. Historian's files. Speech, Armor
Conference, Fort Knox, KY, 5 May 1994, in Sullivan,
Collected Wo rks, pp. 25S-262. See Message, from CG
TRADOC personal for multiple addressees, 091 649Z
May 94, sub: Force XXI Joint Venture Initiation. Action
addressees were primarily those who would be
part of the Joint Venture. In Chapter 2, n. 55 above.
See also Message, GEN Franks personal for Sullivan,
Army MACOM commanders and TRADOC commanders
and commandants, 232049Z May 1994, sub : AWE
Integration Conference Agenda, concerning a 6-7 June
1994 conference at Fort Leavenworth on AWEs to that
point and the direction of fu ture experimentation. On
TRADOC Pamphlet 525-5, 1 August 1994, see n. 26
above. It is interesting to note that the pamphlet contains
undated introductory letters from both GEN
Franks and GEN Hartzog on Commanding General,
TRADOC, stationery, demonstrating the timeframe in
which it was actually published (October 1994).
28 The Memorandum of Agreement Between
United States Army Forces Command (FORSCOM)
and United States Army Training and Doctrine Command
(TRADOC), sub: Force XXI Experimental
Force, was signed by GEN Reimer on 17 April 1995
and by GEN Hartzog on 1 May 1995. Historian's files.
29 Message from Blackwell, DAMO-ZA, faxed
1052, 13 Dec 94, to Cdrs of FORSCOM and TRADOC,
and the Army Staff, sub : Experimental Force
(EXFOR). Sullivan had initially thought to designate
the 1st ID, his old command, as the EXFOR, and had
sent a handwritten note to GEN Peay, the VCSA, on 6
74
November 1993, tasking Peay to: "Develop a strategy
we can use which taps [1st ID] to be the 11 th Air
Assault of future. I want to see it laid out before making
a move." In Sullivan Papers , CSA Historical Files,
Box SA of 10, November-December 1993, Correspondence/Flag
Letters/Messages/General Office Files,
Folder-Flag Letters, November 1993, file 33. Sullivan
and Franks had discussed formation of an Experimental
Force in sufficient detail by mid- 1993 that Franks,
on 14 September 1993, forwarded a TRADOC Concept
for an Experimental Unit to Sullivan. In Sullivan
Papers, CSA Historical Files, Box 7B of 10, September
1993, Correspondence/Flag Letters/Messages/
General Office Files, Folder 2 of 2, Correspondence
Files, September 1993, file 13. He wrote in his sketchbook
(Sullivan Papers, Personal Papers, Sketch Books,
December 19S9-February 1995, Box 1 of 5, Sketchbook
#S, April-December 1994) on 29 November
1994: "Told Butch Funk [2AD] was XFOR '. . Get
on with It . . . ' Told him my scheme is to get beyond
10 divisions-l0 divisions is a move we must make
but it is really not the important shift-the real concept
is to redesign the Army. " On the 3 February
offsite that preceded the announcement, see Memorandum
for Record from LTG Blackwell, 10 February
1995, sub: CSA EXFOR Offsite Meeting, 3 February
1995. See also Memorandum from Sullivan to See
Distribution, 14 February 1995, sub: Force XXI Experimental
Force Prime Directive . See also Interview,
Hubbard with Yarrison, 16 July 1996, pp. 44-49, on
development of the initial EXFOR concept in BLITCD
at TRADOC.
30 Briefing, ODCSOPS for the ASA(RDA) , 6 October
1994, sub: InstitutionallTDA Army RedeSign, lays
out how the process would proceed. Message , DAMO­
FDZ, to MACOM Commanders, lS2235Z Nov 94,
sub: Force XXI , TDA Redesign Axis. Message, DAMO­
FDZ, to MACOM commanders, 191955Z December
1994, sub: Force XXI , TDA Redesign GOSC, announced
the subject meeting for 12 January 1995.
Memorandum from BG Thomas N. Burnette, Director
of Force Programs, DAMO-FDZ, for Force XXI
General Officer Work Group, 15 February 1995, sub:
InstitutionallTDA Army Redesign Axis Campaign
Plan, with enclosures, assigned a suspense for comments
of 22 February 1995. All documents are in LAM
TF Files, Box 14, File 7-S.
31 Letter from Sullivan to Tilelli, 2S August 1994,
no subject; emphaSiS is Sullivan's. In LAM TF Files,
Box 2, File 3-4c.
32 Interview, Blackwell with Yarrison, 16 October
1996, pp. 5, 6-1 1; Interview, LeCuyer with Yarrison,
23 October 1996, pp. 17-24; Interview, Tilelli with
Yarrison, 23 June 1997, pp. 3-4, 6-10, IS-IS.
33 Office of the Chief of Staff, Army, Louisiana
Maneuvers Task Force, Force XXI: America's Army of
the 21st Century, Meeting the 21st Century Challenge,
Fort Monroe, VA , 15 January 1995.
34 See Robert T. Dail, "Army Acquisition Success:
The Modern Louisiana Maneuvers