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MALATHION 167 4.1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION Information regarding the chemical identity of malathion is located in Table 4-1. Malathion is manufactured in the United States as a technical-grade concentrate that is >90% pure malathion and contains approximately 5% of impurities consisting largely of reaction byproducts and degradation products. As many as 14 impurities have been identified in technical-grade malathion. The identities of the impurities and their percent (w/w) in technical grade malathion were found to be as follows: S-1,2-ethyl-O,S-dimethyl phosphorodithioate (isomalathion; 0.2%), S-1,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl-O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate (malaxon; 0.1%), diethylfumarate (DEF; 0.9%), O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate (0.003–1.2%), O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate (0.04%), O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate (1.2%), O,O,O-trimethyl phosphorothioate (0.45%), diethylhydroxysuccinate (0.05%), ethyl nitrite (0.03%), diethyl mercaptosuccinate (0.15%), diethyl methylthiosuccinate (1.0%), O,O-dimethylphosphorothioate (0.05%), diethyl ethylthiosuccinate (0.1%), and sulfuric acid (0.05%). Malathion is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), a dust (D), a wettable powder (WP), a ready-to-use (RTU) liquid, and a pressurized liquid. The quantity of active ingredient (ai) in EC and RTU formulations is variable and can contain up to 82 and 95%, respectively (Brown et al. 1993b; EPA 2001a). 4.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Information regarding the physical and chemical properties of malathion is located in Table 4-2.
MALATHION 168 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION Table 4-1. Chemical Identity of Malathion Characteristic Information Reference CAS Nomenclature Diethyl[(dimethoxyphosphino -thioyl)thio]butanedioate CAS 2001 Common name Malathion Howard and Neal 1992 Synonym(s) 1,2-Di(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate Registered trade name(s) Cekumal Fyfanon ® Malixol ® Maltox ® Howard and Neal 1992 Farm Chemicals Handbook 2000 Howard and Neal 1992 Farm Chemicals Handbook 2000 Howard and Neal 1992 Chemical formula C10H19O6PS2 Howard and Neal 1992 Chemical structure Identification numbers: CAS registry NIOSH RTECS EPA hazardous waste OHM/TADS DOT/UN/NA/IMCO shipping HSDB NCI S O P O S O O O O Butanedioic acid, [(dimethoxyphosphinothioyl) thio]-, diethyl ester (malathion) 000121-75-5 WM8400000 NA 2783; Malathion 665 Howard and Neal 1992 HSDB 2001 HSDB 2001 HSDB 2001 CAS = Chemical Abstracts Services; DOT/UN/NA/IMCO = Department of Transportation/United Nations/North America/International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code; EPA = Environmental Protection Agency; HSDB = Hazardous Substances Data Bank; NCI = National Cancer Institute; NIOSH = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; OHM/TADS = Oil Hazardous Materials/Technical Assistance Data System; RTECS = Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substance
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TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR MALATHION
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MALATHION iii UPDATE STATEMENT A To
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MALATHION viii Managing Hazardous M
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MALATHION xi PEER REVIEW A peer rev
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MALATHION xiv 3.2.3.2 Systemic Effe
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MALATHION xvii LIST OF FIGURES 3-1.
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MALATHION 1 1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEM
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MALATHION 11 1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATE
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MALATHION 14 2. RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC
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MALATHION 24 3. HEALTH EFFECTS oral
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MALATHION 26 3. HEALTH EFFECTS sing
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≤
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MALATHION 30 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Resp
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MALATHION 32 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Rena
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MALATHION 34 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Stud
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MALATHION 36 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Fran
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MALATHION 38 3. HEALTH EFFECTS more
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MALATHION 40 3. HEALTH EFFECTS the
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a Key to figure 1 2 3 4 5 6 Species
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a Key to figure 15 16 17 18 Species
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a Key to figure 24 25 26 27 28 29 S
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a Key to figure 40 41 42 43 44 45 S
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a Key to figure 55 56 57 58 59 60 S
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a Key to figure 67 68 69 70 Species
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a Key to figure 83 84 85 86 87 88 8
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a Key to figure 91 Species (Strain)
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a Key to figure 93 94 Species (Stra
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≤
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≤
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MALATHION 64 3.2.2.2 Systemic Effec
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MALATHION 66 3. HEALTH EFFECTS 1965
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MALATHION 68 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Hepa
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MALATHION 70 3. HEALTH EFFECTS appr
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MALATHION 72 3. HEALTH EFFECTS an u
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MALATHION 74 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Meta
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MALATHION 76 3. HEALTH EFFECTS clas
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MALATHION 78 3. HEALTH EFFECTS was
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MALATHION 80 3. HEALTH EFFECTS appr
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MALATHION 82 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Clin
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MALATHION 84 3. HEALTH EFFECTS mala
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MALATHION 86 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Tera
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MALATHION 88 3. HEALTH EFFECTS for
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MALATHION 90 3. HEALTH EFFECTS sugg
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Species (Strain) Systemic Exposure/
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MALATHION 94 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Endo
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MALATHION 96 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Othe
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MALATHION 98 3. HEALTH EFFECTS derm
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MALATHION 100 3. HEALTH EFFECTS al.
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MALATHION 102 3. HEALTH EFFECTS of
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MALATHION 104 3. HEALTH EFFECTS per
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MALATHION 106 3.4.1.1 Inhalation Ex
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MALATHION 108 3. HEALTH EFFECTS was
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MALATHION 110 3. HEALTH EFFECTS fir
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MALATHION 112 3.4.2.3 Dermal Exposu
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MALATHION 114 3. HEALTH EFFECTS neu
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MALATHION 218 7. ANALYTICAL METHODS
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MALATHION 224 7.3.1 Identification
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MALATHION 226 8. REGULATIONS AND AD
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MALATHION 238 9. REFERENCES *Agency
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MALATHION 240 9. REFERENCES *Barnes
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MALATHION 242 9. REFERENCES *Brown
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MALATHION 244 9. REFERENCES *Choi P
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MALATHION 246 9. REFERENCES *De Ble
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MALATHION 248 9. REFERENCES Ehrich
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MALATHION 250 9. REFERENCES EPA. 20
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MALATHION 252 9. REFERENCES *Gaines
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MALATHION 254 9. REFERENCES *Harman
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MALATHION 256 9. REFERENCES Jianmon
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MALATHION 258 9. REFERENCES Kimbrou
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MALATHION 260 9. REFERENCES *Lechne
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MALATHION 262 9. REFERENCES *Mackis
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MALATHION 264 9. REFERENCES Mohn G.
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MALATHION 266 9. REFERENCES NIOSH.
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MALATHION 268 9. REFERENCES *Prabha
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MALATHION 270 9. REFERENCES *Roy RR
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MALATHION 272 9. REFERENCES *Singar
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MALATHION 274 9. REFERENCES *Thongs
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MALATHION 276 9. REFERENCES Viccell
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MALATHION 278 9. REFERENCES Yess NJ
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MALATHION 280 10. GLOSSARY Ceiling
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MALATHION 282 10. GLOSSARY Mutagen
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MALATHION 284 10. GLOSSARY Risk—T
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MALATHION A-2 APPENDIX A are not ex
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MALATHION A-4 APPENDIX A Was a conv
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MALATHION A-6 APPENDIX A Was a conv
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MALATHION A-8 APPENDIX A If an inha
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MALATHION A-10 Uncertainty Factors
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MALATHION B-2 Interpretation of Min
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MALATHION B-4 APPENDIX B (8) NOAEL
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1 2 3 4 12 → → → → → Key
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MALATHION C-1 APPENDIX C. ACRONYMS,
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MALATHION C-3 APPENDIX C MFO mixed
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MALATHION C-5 > greater than $ grea
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