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MALATHION 225 8. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES The international, national, and state regulations and guidelines regarding malathion in air, water, and other media are summarized in Table 8-1. ATSDR has derived an acute inhalation MRL of 0.2 mg/m 3 for malathion based on a NOAEL of 65 mg/m 3 for inhibition of erythrocyte cholinesterase activity in rabbits (Weeks et al. 1977). The LOAEL was 123 mg/m 3 . An uncertainty factor of 100 was used (10 for animal to human extrapolation and 10 for the protection of sensitive human groups). A conversion factor was used to adjust from intermittent exposure to continuous exposure (6/24hours). ATSDR has derived an intermediate inhalation MRL of 0.02 mg/m 3 for malathion based on a LOAEL of 100 mg/m 3 for upper respiratory tract effects in rats (Beattie 1994). An uncertainty factor of 1,000 was used (10 for animal to human extrapolation, 10 for the use of a LOAEL, and 10 for the protection of sensitive human groups). A conversion factor was used to adjust from intermittent exposure to continuous exposure (5/7x6/24 hours). ATSDR has derived an intermediate oral MRL of 2x10 -2 mg/kg/day for malathion based on a NOAEL of 0.23 mg/kg/day for inhibition of plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase activities in humans (Moeller and Rider 1962). The LOAEL was 0.34 mg/kg/day. An uncertainty factor of 10 was used for the protection of sensitive human groups. ATSDR has derived a chronic oral MRL of 2x10 -2 mg/kg/day for malathion based on a NOAEL of 2 mg/kg/day for inhibition of plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase activities in male rats administered malathion in the diet for 2 years (Daly 1996a). The LOAEL was 29 mg/kg/day. An uncertainty factor of 100 was used (10 for extrapolation from animal to humans and 10 for the protection of sensitive populations). EPA (IRIS 2003) has derived an RfD of 2x10 -2 mg/kg/day for malathion based on a NOAEL 0.23 mg/kg/day for inhibition of plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase activities in humans (Moeller and Rider 1962). The LOAEL was 0.34 mg/kg/day. An uncertainty factor of 10 was used for the protection of sensitive human groups.
MALATHION 226 8. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES Table 8-1. Regulations and Guidelines Applicable to Malathion Agency INTERNATIONAL Guidelines: Description Information References IARC Carcinogenicity classification Group 3 a NATIONAL Regulations and Guidelines: a. Air IARC 2001 ACGIH TLV-TWA b 10 mg/m 3 ACGIH 2000 NIOSH REL (TWA) 10 mg/m IDLH 3 250 mg/m 3 NIOSH 2001 OSHA PEL (8-hour TWA) General industry (total dust) 15 mg/m 3 OSHA 2001a 29CFR1910.1000 Table Z-1 PEL (8-hour TWA) Construction industry (total 15 mg/m dust) 3 OSHA 2001b 29CFR1926.55 Appendix A PEL (8-hour TWA) Shipyard industry (total dust) 15 mg/m 3 OSHA 2001c b. Water 29CFR1915.1000 Table Z DOT Marine pollutant DOT 2001a 49CFR172.101 Appendix B EPA Drinking water guideline 0.2 mg/L HSDB 2001 Health advisories EPA 2000c 1 Day (10-kg child) 0.2 mg/L 10 Day (10-kg child) 0.2 mg/L DWEL 0.7 mg/L Lifetime 0.1 mg/L Pesticide chemicals—effluent EPA 2001a limitations for BPT 40CFR455.20(b) Water programs—designation EPA 2001b of hazardous substance 40CFR116.4 Water programs— EPA 2001c determination of reportable 40CFR117.3 quantity Reportable quantity 100 pounds
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TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR MALATHION
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MALATHION iii UPDATE STATEMENT A To
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MALATHION viii Managing Hazardous M
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MALATHION xi PEER REVIEW A peer rev
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MALATHION xiv 3.2.3.2 Systemic Effe
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MALATHION xvii LIST OF FIGURES 3-1.
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MALATHION 1 1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEM
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MALATHION 11 1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATE
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MALATHION 14 2. RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC
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MALATHION 24 3. HEALTH EFFECTS oral
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MALATHION 26 3. HEALTH EFFECTS sing
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≤
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MALATHION 30 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Resp
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MALATHION 32 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Rena
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MALATHION 34 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Stud
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MALATHION 36 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Fran
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MALATHION 38 3. HEALTH EFFECTS more
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MALATHION 40 3. HEALTH EFFECTS the
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a Key to figure 1 2 3 4 5 6 Species
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a Key to figure 15 16 17 18 Species
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a Key to figure 24 25 26 27 28 29 S
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a Key to figure 40 41 42 43 44 45 S
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a Key to figure 55 56 57 58 59 60 S
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a Key to figure 67 68 69 70 Species
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a Key to figure 83 84 85 86 87 88 8
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a Key to figure 91 Species (Strain)
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a Key to figure 93 94 Species (Stra
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≤
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MALATHION 64 3.2.2.2 Systemic Effec
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MALATHION 66 3. HEALTH EFFECTS 1965
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MALATHION 68 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Hepa
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MALATHION 70 3. HEALTH EFFECTS appr
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MALATHION 72 3. HEALTH EFFECTS an u
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MALATHION 74 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Meta
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MALATHION 80 3. HEALTH EFFECTS appr
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MALATHION 82 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Clin
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MALATHION 84 3. HEALTH EFFECTS mala
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MALATHION 86 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Tera
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MALATHION 88 3. HEALTH EFFECTS for
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MALATHION 90 3. HEALTH EFFECTS sugg
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Species (Strain) Systemic Exposure/
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MALATHION 94 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Endo
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MALATHION 96 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Othe
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MALATHION 98 3. HEALTH EFFECTS derm
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MALATHION 102 3. HEALTH EFFECTS of
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MALATHION 104 3. HEALTH EFFECTS per
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MALATHION 106 3.4.1.1 Inhalation Ex
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MALATHION 108 3. HEALTH EFFECTS was
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MALATHION 112 3.4.2.3 Dermal Exposu
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MALATHION 114 3. HEALTH EFFECTS neu
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MALATHION 116 3. HEALTH EFFECTS aci
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MALATHION 118 3.4.4.1 Inhalation Ex
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MALATHION 120 3. HEALTH EFFECTS agr
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MALATHION 122 V E N O U S BLOOD 3.
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MALATHION 124 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Tab
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MALATHION 126 3. HEALTH EFFECTS mus
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MALATHION 128 3.5.2 Mechanisms of T
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MALATHION 130 3. HEALTH EFFECTS pla
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MALATHION 132 3. HEALTH EFFECTS In
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MALATHION 134 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Ove
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MALATHION 140 3. HEALTH EFFECTS the
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MALATHION 164 3. HEALTH EFFECTS inf
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MALATHION 166 3. HEALTH EFFECTS med
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MALATHION 168 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSI
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MALATHION 171 5. PRODUCTION, IMPORT
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MALATHION 173 5. PRODUCTION, IMPORT
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Page 257 and 258: MALATHION 238 9. REFERENCES *Agency
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Page 261 and 262: MALATHION 242 9. REFERENCES *Brown
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Page 267 and 268: MALATHION 248 9. REFERENCES Ehrich
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Page 271 and 272: MALATHION 252 9. REFERENCES *Gaines
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Page 275 and 276: MALATHION 256 9. REFERENCES Jianmon
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MALATHION 276 9. REFERENCES Viccell
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MALATHION 278 9. REFERENCES Yess NJ
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MALATHION 280 10. GLOSSARY Ceiling
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MALATHION 282 10. GLOSSARY Mutagen
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MALATHION 284 10. GLOSSARY Risk—T
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MALATHION A-2 APPENDIX A are not ex
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MALATHION A-4 APPENDIX A Was a conv
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MALATHION A-6 APPENDIX A Was a conv
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MALATHION A-8 APPENDIX A If an inha
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MALATHION A-10 Uncertainty Factors
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MALATHION B-2 Interpretation of Min
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MALATHION B-4 APPENDIX B (8) NOAEL
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1 2 3 4 12 → → → → → Key
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MALATHION C-1 APPENDIX C. ACRONYMS,
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MALATHION C-3 APPENDIX C MFO mixed
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MALATHION C-5 > greater than $ grea
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