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a Key to figure 75 76 77 Species (Strain) Exposure/ Duration/ Frequency (Specific Route) Neurological Rat 90 d (Spraguead libitum Dawley) (F) Rat (Wistar) 14 d 1 x/d (GO) System Table 3-2 Levels of Significant Exposure to Malathion - Oral NOAEL (mg/kg/day) 4 Less Serious LOAEL Serious (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (continued) 352 M (61% inhibition of RBC cholinesterase activity) Reference Chemical Form Lamb 1994b Piramanayagam and Manohar 2002 130 M (neuronal degeneration; gliosis) Dog 28 d Fischer 1988 125 (>20% decrease in plasma (Beagle) (C) cholinesterase activity) 78 Rabbit 6 wk (NS) Reproductive 5 d/wk (C) 79 Rat 12 wk (albino) 1 x/d (GO) 80 81 82 Rat (albino) Rat (Wistar) 12 wk 1 x/d (GO) 20 d 1x/d (G) Rat 110 d (Sprague- 1 x/d Dawley) (GO) 10 M 50 F 25 M (25-30% inhibition of RBC cholinesterase following two weeks of treatment) 45 M (edema, congestion, and desquamation of lining cells of seminiferous tubules) 44 M (decrease seminal vesicle pH, protein content, relative testes weight and enzyme activities) 20 M (reversible damage to spermatogenic tissue) Desi et al. 1978 Balasubramanian et al. 1987a Balasubramanian et al. 1987b Krause et al. 1976 Lechner and Abdel-Rahman 1984
a Key to figure 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 Species (Strain) Reproductive Rat 15 wk (albino) 1x/d (GO) Exposure/ Duration/ Frequency (Specific Route) Rat >63 d (Spraguead libitum Dawley) (F) Developmental Rat 5 mo (Wistar) ad libitum (F) Rat 110 d (Sprague- 1 x/d Dawley) (GO) Rat >63 d (Spraguead libitum Dawley) (F) CHRONIC EXPOSURE Death Rat 2 yr (Fischer- 344) ad libitum (F) Rat 103 wk (Fischer- 344) ad libitum (F) System Table 3-2 Levels of Significant Exposure to Malathion - Oral NOAEL (mg/kg/day) 703 F 50 F 153 F Less Serious LOAEL Serious (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) 10 M (hyperemia of the veins of the testes and degenerated testicular tubuli) 394 M (reduced body weight gain during lactation) (continued) 240 (increased neonatal mortality 7 and 21 days after birth) 359 M (significant increase in deaths not attributed to cancer) 166 M (increased mortality) Reference Chemical Form Ozmen and Akay 1993 Schroeder 1990 Kalow and Marton 1961 Lechner and Abdel-Rahman 1984 Schroeder 1990 Daly 1996a NCI 1979a
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TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR MALATHION
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MALATHION iii UPDATE STATEMENT A To
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MALATHION viii Managing Hazardous M
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MALATHION xi PEER REVIEW A peer rev
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MALATHION xiv 3.2.3.2 Systemic Effe
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MALATHION xvii LIST OF FIGURES 3-1.
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MALATHION 1 1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEM
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MALATHION 106 3.4.1.1 Inhalation Ex
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MALATHION 108 3. HEALTH EFFECTS was
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MALATHION 110 3. HEALTH EFFECTS fir
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MALATHION 112 3.4.2.3 Dermal Exposu
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MALATHION 114 3. HEALTH EFFECTS neu
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MALATHION 116 3. HEALTH EFFECTS aci
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MALATHION 118 3.4.4.1 Inhalation Ex
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MALATHION 120 3. HEALTH EFFECTS agr
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MALATHION 122 V E N O U S BLOOD 3.
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MALATHION 124 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Tab
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MALATHION 126 3. HEALTH EFFECTS mus
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MALATHION 128 3.5.2 Mechanisms of T
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MALATHION 130 3. HEALTH EFFECTS pla
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MALATHION 132 3. HEALTH EFFECTS In
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MALATHION 134 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Ove
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MALATHION 136 3. HEALTH EFFECTS are
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MALATHION 138 3. HEALTH EFFECTS whe
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MALATHION 142 3. HEALTH EFFECTS org
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MALATHION 146 3. HEALTH EFFECTS pla
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MALATHION 152 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Par
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MALATHION 154 3. HEALTH EFFECTS exp
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MALATHION 160 3. HEALTH EFFECTS Lee
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MALATHION 164 3. HEALTH EFFECTS inf
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MALATHION 166 3. HEALTH EFFECTS med
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MALATHION 168 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSI
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MALATHION 171 5. PRODUCTION, IMPORT
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MALATHION 173 5. PRODUCTION, IMPORT
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MALATHION 175 6.1 OVERVIEW 6. POTEN
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MALATHION 177 6. POTENTIAL FOR HUMA
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MALATHION 187 6.3.2.1 Air 6. POTENT
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MALATHION 216 7. ANALYTICAL METHODS
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MALATHION 224 7.3.1 Identification
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MALATHION 226 8. REGULATIONS AND AD
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MALATHION 238 9. REFERENCES *Agency
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MALATHION 240 9. REFERENCES *Barnes
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MALATHION 242 9. REFERENCES *Brown
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MALATHION 244 9. REFERENCES *Choi P
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MALATHION 246 9. REFERENCES *De Ble
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MALATHION 248 9. REFERENCES Ehrich
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MALATHION 250 9. REFERENCES EPA. 20
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MALATHION 252 9. REFERENCES *Gaines
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MALATHION 254 9. REFERENCES *Harman
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MALATHION 256 9. REFERENCES Jianmon
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MALATHION 258 9. REFERENCES Kimbrou
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MALATHION 262 9. REFERENCES *Mackis
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MALATHION 264 9. REFERENCES Mohn G.
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MALATHION 266 9. REFERENCES NIOSH.
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MALATHION 268 9. REFERENCES *Prabha
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MALATHION 272 9. REFERENCES *Singar
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MALATHION 274 9. REFERENCES *Thongs
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MALATHION 276 9. REFERENCES Viccell
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MALATHION 278 9. REFERENCES Yess NJ
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MALATHION 280 10. GLOSSARY Ceiling
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MALATHION 282 10. GLOSSARY Mutagen
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MALATHION 284 10. GLOSSARY Risk—T
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MALATHION A-2 APPENDIX A are not ex
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MALATHION A-4 APPENDIX A Was a conv
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MALATHION A-6 APPENDIX A Was a conv
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MALATHION A-8 APPENDIX A If an inha
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MALATHION A-10 Uncertainty Factors
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MALATHION B-2 Interpretation of Min
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MALATHION B-4 APPENDIX B (8) NOAEL
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1 2 3 4 12 → → → → → Key
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MALATHION C-1 APPENDIX C. ACRONYMS,
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MALATHION C-3 APPENDIX C MFO mixed
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MALATHION C-5 > greater than $ grea
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