2012 COURSE DATES: AUGUST 4 – 17, 2012 - Sirenian International

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Rogers, C. A., B. J. Brunnick, D. L. Herzing, and J. D. Baldwin. 2004. The social structure of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, in the Bahamas. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 20:688-708. Rossbach, K. A., and D. L. Herzing. 1999. Inshore and offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) communities distinguished by association patterns near Grand Bahamas Island, Bahamas. Can. J. Zoolog. 77:581-592. Sedberry, G. R., H. J. Carter, and P. A. Barrick. 1999. A comparison of fish communities between protected and unprotected areas of the Belize reef ecosystem: implications for conservation and management. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute 45:95-127. Stoddart, D. R. 1962. Three Caribbean atolls: Turneffe Islands, Lighthouse Reef, and Glover’s Reef, British Honduras. Atoll Res. Bull. 87:1-147. Tanaka, S. 1987. Satellite radio tracking of bottlenose NOTES 177 dolphins Tursiops truncatus. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 53:1327-1338. Wells, R. S., and M. D. Scott. 1999. Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus. InHandbook of marine mammals: Volume VI, The second book of dolphins and porpoises, ed. S. H. Ridgeway and R. J. Harrison, 137-182. San Diego, CA Academic Press. Wilson, B., K. Grellier, P. S. Hammond, G. Brown, and P. M. Thompson. 2000. Changing occurrence of epidermal lesions in wild bottlenose dolphins. Mar. Ecol-Prog. Ser. 205:283-290. Whitehead, H., and L. Weilgart. 2000. The sperm whale: social females and roving males. In Cetacean societies: field studies of dolphins and whales, ed. J. Mann, R. C. Conner, P. L. Tyack, and H. Whitehead, 154-172. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. Wood, C. J. 1998. Movement of bottlenose dolphins around the south-west coast of Britain. J. Zool., London 246:155-163.
Coral Reefs (1997) 16, Suppl.: S23—S32 Reefs since Columbus J. B. C. Jackson Center for Tropical Paleoecology and Archeology, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama Accepted: 17 January 1997 Abstract. History shows that Caribbean coastal ecosystems were severely degraded long before ecologists began to study them. Large vertebrates such as the green turtle, hawksbill turtle, manatee and extinct Caribbean monk seal were decimated by about 1800 in the central and northern Caribbean, and by 1990 elsewhere. Subsistence over-fishing subsequently decimated reef fish populations. Local fisheries accounted for a small fraction of the fish consumed on Caribbean islands by about the mid nineteenth century when human populations were less than one fifth their numbers today. Herbivores and predators were reduced to very small fishes and sea urchins by the 1950s when intensive scientific investigations began. These small consumers, most notably Diadema antillarum, were apparently always very abundant; contrary to speculation that their abundance had increased many-fold due to overfishing. Studying grazing and predation on reefs today is like trying to understand the ecology of the Serengeti by studying the termites and the locusts while ignoring the elephants and the wildebeeste. Green turtles, hawksbill turtles and manatees were almost certainly comparably important keystone species on reefs and seagrass beds. Small fishes and invertebrates feed very differently from turtles and manatees and could and can not compensate for their loss, despite their great abundance long before overfishing began. Loss of megavertebrates dramatically reduced and qualitatively changed grazing and excavation of seagrasses, predation on sponges, loss of production to adjacent ecosystems, and the structure of food chains. Megavertebrates are critical for reef conservation and, unlike land, there are no coral reef livestock to take their place. Introduction The status and trends of the world’s coral reefs are highly controversial and, until very recently, have attracted far less attention than has been lavished on the decline of tropical forests. This is partly a function of our greater ignorance about coral reefs and their briefer period of study. But it is also true that coral reef ecologists have been so devoted to dissecting small-scale processes that they have not seen the reefs for the corals. Ecology is a young science, with little reliable descriptive information from before the 1920s (Elton 1927; Hutchinson 1978) and virtually no time series population data extending of back for more than a century. The situation is even worse for marine communities like coral reefs because of the difficulty of making observations underwater. Thus reef ecologists have been forced to try to explain patterns of distribution and abundance exclusively in terms of the events of the past few years using ‘‘real time’’ observations and experiments. Their success is manifest in our rapidly growing understanding of how environmental variation and biological interactions can shape reef communities (Connell 1978; Hughes 1989; Knowlton et al. 1990), although the importance of events rare on the scale of human lifetimes is only beginning to be understood (Woodley et al. 1981; Jackson 1991; Knowlton 1992; Hughes 1994). In the process of these endeavors, however, reef ecologists have turned their backs on history and assumed that what they were studying was ‘‘normal,’’ despite the lack of rigorous baseline data for the condition of coral reefs preceding the industrial revolution and the onset of worldwide, exponential human population growth. As a result, many reef ecologists have concluded that coral reefs are healthy in the face of overwhelmingly increasing evidence to the contrary. Indeed, the idea for this study arose from my feeling like Cassandra in the face of such denial during the 1993 Miami Colloquium on Global Aspects of Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards and History. Most felt at the beginning of the colloquium that the condition of coral reefs was on the whole rather good, despite Wilkinson’s (1992) plenary paper at the 7th International Coral Reef Symposium about widespread devastation worldwide. However, by the end of the Colloquium, there was a beginning acceptance that the situation was perhaps bad in the Caribbean, but only recently, and probably not in the pacific.
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ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR & CONSERVATION OF
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discomfort without proper protectio
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ABOUT BELIZE Research Site: The pro
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FIELD TRAINING AND ASSIGNMENTS Duri
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS SBCRC is s
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HEALTH INFORMATION Routine Immuniza
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• Consult the CDC for immunizatio
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Oil or oil-based repellant (e.g. ol
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Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation
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MINIMUM / MAXIMUM CLASS SIZE: 6-24
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COURSE FEE & ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
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Ecology, Behavior & Conservation of
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2012 Field Course Policy & Liabilit
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2012 Field Course Policy & Liabilit
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FIELD JOURNALS You are required to
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OUR INVESTIGATION Figure 2. G. crut
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OUR INVESTIGATION Introduction The
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OUR INVESTIGATION Introduction On a
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Method We selected a patch reef loc
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OUR INVESTIGATION Introduction We f
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OUR RESEARCH FINDINGS Introduction
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area on the north part of the islan
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Introduction Our Investigation Befo
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Introduction Sea stars have long be
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INVESTIGATION Introduction Retracti
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Introduction Shells serve as a limi
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Introduction Lunar reproductive rhy
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TRIP SUMMARY SHEET (page 1) Day of
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RECORD OF EFFORT DATA SHEET Event (
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MANATEE SIGHTINGS AND SCANS Page 2
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MANATEE SIGHTINGS AND SCANS Page 4
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Date: Page 2 of ____ Sight/Scan Rec
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Date: Page 4 of ____ Sight/Scan Rec
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Sighting Log Continued from Page 1
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2010 VT: Scholar, BANNER, Safe Zone
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presentation to Horn Point Environm
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• Developed and managed education
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LaCommare, Katherine S. November 20
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• Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy,
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B. Ouranos, C. Bursey, and H. Kalb.
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2006. Holy Redeemer Day Camp. Conta
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18 NEWS AND VIEWS By 1995, in respo
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4842 J. M. BLUMENTHAL ET AL. are co
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4844 J. M. BLUMENTHAL ET AL. templa
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4846 J. M. BLUMENTHAL ET AL. Fig. 2
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4848 J. M. BLUMENTHAL ET AL. Fig. 4
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4850 J. M. BLUMENTHAL ET AL. mixed
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4852 J. M. BLUMENTHAL ET AL. Formia
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The Elusive Manatee -- An ethologic
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during the summer months while othe
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polyandrous - often mating with sev
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in the summer. Chessie, a male Flor
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ecords indicate that manatees have
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Florida manatee. National Biologica
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parturition: the action or process
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Manatees on the Belize Barrier Reef
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(a) (b) Manatees on the Belize Barr
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direction, and (e) when ‘travelli
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Season signi cantly aVected mean se
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male travelled at least as far as B
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55. Ontario Fisheries Research Labo
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NEWS OF THE WEEK MEETINGBRIEFS>> 10
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Functional Ecology 2008, 22, 284-28
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286 S. R. Noren Fig. 3. Swimming ki
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288 S. R. Noren Kelly, H.R. (1959)
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630 MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE, VOL. 23,
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and positively related to knowledge
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student’s ability to learn facts
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Conservation and Behaviour Richard
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animals may adopt microhabitat choi
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and minimize traffic-induced wildli
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decision rules they use in response
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Gagnon JW, Theimer TC, Dodd NL, Boe
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402 Opinion TRENDS in Ecology and E
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Anim Cogn (2009) 12:43-53 DOI 10.10
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Anim Cogn (2009) 12:43-53 45 Fig. 1
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Anim Cogn (2009) 12:43-53 47 Table
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Anim Cogn (2009) 12:43-53 49 Table
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Anim Cogn (2009) 12:43-53 51 the pr
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Anim Cogn (2009) 12:43-53 53 L, Rei
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(Halodule wrightii and Syringodium
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Diurnal and Nocturnal Scans Four of
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Figure 3. The number of scans (whit
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in 2006. Although this difference i
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manatus in Costa Rica. Biological C
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574 D. J. Semeyn et al. and natural
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576 D. J. Semeyn et al. Fig. 1 Refe
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578 D. J. Semeyn et al. Fig. 3 Refe
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580 D. J. Semeyn et al. Fig. 4 Kern
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582 D. J. Semeyn et al. biologists
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Intraspecific and geographic variat
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III. RESULTS Manatees in Florida an
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Genetica (2011) 139:833-842 DOI 10.
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Genetica (2011) 139:833-842 835 dur
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Genetica (2011) 139:833-842 837 Tab
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Genetica (2011) 139:833-842 839 Man
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Genetica (2011) 139:833-842 841 edu
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Fish Sci (2011) 77:795-798 DOI 10.1
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Fish Sci (2011) 77:795-798 797 was
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Low genetic variation and evidence
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Reduced Belize manatee dispersal an
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and respond to human encounters by
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tourist vessels are present, and th
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that approach behaviour may be habi
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to structure almost completely the
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MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE, 27(3): 606-6
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Journal of Zoology The lesser of tw
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E. M. Arraut et al. & Sparks, 1989)
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E. M. Arraut et al. Frequent cloud
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E. M. Arraut et al. rising-water we
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E. M. Arraut et al. (Link, 1795) an
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The Journal of Experimental Biology
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Fig. 1. Rescue locations of manatee
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The present study is the first to c
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Bearhop, S., Waldron, S., Votier, S
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Table 1. Results from the GLM relat
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28
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Figure 1. Map of the Drowned Cayes
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Figure 3. Histogram of number of ma
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a. b. c. Power Power Power 100 80 6
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2012 COURSE DATES: AUGUST 4 – 17, 2012 - Sirenian International

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