2012 COURSE DATES: AUGUST 4 – 17, 2012 - Sirenian International

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576 D. J. Semeyn et al. Fig. 1 Reference map of study area showing the locations of warm-water refuges at FPL Fort Myers, Matlacha Isles and Ten Mile Canal. The spatial extent of the Central region is indicated by the black rectangle. manatees to 626 manatees (Table 1). The mean number of manatees counted per flight was 345 (± 23). An independent T-test showed that mean counts were significantly different (P
Aerial surveys of manatees (Trichechus manatus) in Lee County, Florida 577 Fig. 2 Map illustrating locations of seagrass beds throughout the entire study area (source: South Florida Water Management District 2003) (Fig. 5a, b). This movement coincides with a significant increase in mean number of manatees sighted per survey (p=0.00102). From pre-winter to winter, manatees became even more densely clustered (Fig. 5c), but the increase in the mean number of manatees per survey was not significantly different (p=0.582). During post-winter there were generally fewer high-density areas and fewer manatees sighted than there were for winter, indicating a dispersal of manatees as the weather warmed (Fig. 5d). Management With regard to our study, the LCMLETF provided a stable infrastructure for quick dissemination of individual flight results to enhance conservation efforts with the near real-time information gathered. The information we provided regarding distribution, density, and behavior of manatees was reported to resource managers and LCMLETF coordinators, and was subsequently used to position marine enforcement units in the most critical areas to provide additional protection in needed areas. A comparison between the Kernel density analyses (Figs. 4 and 5) and the county’s site-specific boat speed zones (Fig. 3) show that, with a few exceptions, areas with high densities of manatees year-round overlap well with year-round speed zones, and areas with high densities during “non-winter” months overlap remarkably well with the seasonally (Apr 1–Nov 15) designated zones. There appear to be relatively few areas where high densities of manatees are found year-round in seasonally designated zones and vice versa. While it would be in the interest of local and state officials to identify these areas where enforcement zones could be added or re-assessed, it is not within the scope of this paper to do so. Discussion Aerial survey counts The results reaffirm that Lee County supports large numbers of manatees, particularly during fall and winter months, and further emphasize the need for careful management of this particular population. These results can be compared to results from statewide synoptic surveys which also indicate that a large proportion of the state’s manatees is found in Lee County during winter. In the January 2010 synoptic survey, biologists counted 5,067 manatees statewide, with 877 (approximately 17%) in Lee County (H. Edwards FWC pers. comm.). This count was approximately 200 manatees more than the highest count in this study; however synoptic surveys are flown on days where sighting conditions are optimal. In February of the same year, after a prolonged period of cold weather, 905 manatees were counted at the Orange River FPL plant alone (Reynolds, unpub. data). Our surveys produced much higher counts of manatees than did previous studies conducted in the area. The most recent study prior to ours was completed by FWC from 1994 to 1998. For reference, the previous study reported an average of 147.6 manatees counted per survey (Fish and Wildlife Commission unpublished), whereas the mean count in our study was 345 manatees per survey. However, due to differences in flight path and overall survey effort, comparison between the 1994–1998 counts and ours is not straightforward. Regardless, both studies showed that manatees were present in Lee County in much higher numbers during winter than non-winter months. Also, the highest counts from both studies were recorded on surveys where large aggregations of manatees were present at warm-water sites, indicating that animals traveled to Lee County specifically for this resource and/or that manatees aggregated at the plant are easier to count than smaller groups of widely dispersed manatees. Survey data from the Central region also showed that there were more manatees present during winter than non-winter. However, over
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ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR & CONSERVATION OF
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discomfort without proper protectio
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ABOUT BELIZE Research Site: The pro
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FIELD TRAINING AND ASSIGNMENTS Duri
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS SBCRC is s
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HEALTH INFORMATION Routine Immuniza
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• Consult the CDC for immunizatio
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Oil or oil-based repellant (e.g. ol
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Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation
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MINIMUM / MAXIMUM CLASS SIZE: 6-24
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COURSE FEE & ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
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Ecology, Behavior & Conservation of
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2012 Field Course Policy & Liabilit
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2012 Field Course Policy & Liabilit
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FIELD JOURNALS You are required to
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OUR INVESTIGATION Figure 2. G. crut
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OUR INVESTIGATION Introduction The
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OUR INVESTIGATION Introduction On a
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Method We selected a patch reef loc
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OUR INVESTIGATION Introduction We f
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OUR RESEARCH FINDINGS Introduction
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area on the north part of the islan
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Introduction Our Investigation Befo
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Introduction Sea stars have long be
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INVESTIGATION Introduction Retracti
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Introduction Shells serve as a limi
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Introduction Lunar reproductive rhy
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TRIP SUMMARY SHEET (page 1) Day of
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RECORD OF EFFORT DATA SHEET Event (
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MANATEE SIGHTINGS AND SCANS Page 2
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MANATEE SIGHTINGS AND SCANS Page 4
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Date: Page 2 of ____ Sight/Scan Rec
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Date: Page 4 of ____ Sight/Scan Rec
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Sighting Log Continued from Page 1
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2010 VT: Scholar, BANNER, Safe Zone
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presentation to Horn Point Environm
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• Developed and managed education
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LaCommare, Katherine S. November 20
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• Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy,
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B. Ouranos, C. Bursey, and H. Kalb.
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2006. Holy Redeemer Day Camp. Conta
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18 NEWS AND VIEWS By 1995, in respo
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4842 J. M. BLUMENTHAL ET AL. are co
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4844 J. M. BLUMENTHAL ET AL. templa
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4846 J. M. BLUMENTHAL ET AL. Fig. 2
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4848 J. M. BLUMENTHAL ET AL. Fig. 4
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4850 J. M. BLUMENTHAL ET AL. mixed
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4852 J. M. BLUMENTHAL ET AL. Formia
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The Elusive Manatee -- An ethologic
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during the summer months while othe
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polyandrous - often mating with sev
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in the summer. Chessie, a male Flor
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ecords indicate that manatees have
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Florida manatee. National Biologica
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parturition: the action or process
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Manatees on the Belize Barrier Reef
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(a) (b) Manatees on the Belize Barr
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direction, and (e) when ‘travelli
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Season signi cantly aVected mean se
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male travelled at least as far as B
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55. Ontario Fisheries Research Labo
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NEWS OF THE WEEK MEETINGBRIEFS>> 10
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Functional Ecology 2008, 22, 284-28
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286 S. R. Noren Fig. 3. Swimming ki
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288 S. R. Noren Kelly, H.R. (1959)
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630 MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE, VOL. 23,
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36 LaCommare et al. to the Drowned
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38 LaCommare et al. Figure 2. Map o
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40 LaCommare et al. points was 0.31
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42 LaCommare et al. may even provid
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172 NOTES Caribbean Journal of Scie
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174 FIG. 1. Drowned Cayes study are
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176 severe event occurred in 1998 (
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Coral Reefs (1997) 16, Suppl.: S23
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Table 1. Caribbean Diadema lore Sou
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Table 2. Historical accounts of the
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Table 3. Excerpts from Ernest F. Th
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Bradbury RH, Seymour RM, Antonelli
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Social Interactions in Captive Fema
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Captive Female Manatee Social Behav
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ut not random. Behaviors were not o
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Community Structure, Population Con
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422 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST the pla
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424 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST sarily
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Environmental Conservation 29 (2):
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194 C.M. Duarte well as more recent
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196 C.M. Duarte atmospheric inputs
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198 C.M. Duarte development (Short
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200 C.M. Duarte POTENTIAL STATUS IN
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202 C.M. Duarte detecting losses of
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The Journal of Experimental Biology
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Fig. 1. Rescue locations of manatee
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The present study is the first to c
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a. b. c. Power Power Power 100 80 6
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2012 COURSE DATES: AUGUST 4 – 17, 2012 - Sirenian International

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