2012 COURSE DATES: AUGUST 4 – 17, 2012 - Sirenian International

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Gagnon JW, Theimer TC, Dodd NL, Boe S and Schweinsburg RE (2007) Traffic volume alters elk distribution and highway crossings in Arizona. Journal of Wildlife Management 71: 2318–2323. Gilroy JJ and Sutherland WJ (2007) Beyond ecological traps: perceptual errors and undervalued resources. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22: 351–356. Haddad NM (1999) Corridor use predicted from behaviors at habitat boundaries. American Naturalist 153: 215–227. Hutton JM and Leader-Williams N (2003) Sustainable use and incentive-driven conservation: realigning human and conservation interests. Oryx 37: 215–226. Johns BG (1996) Responses of chimpanzees to habituation and tourism in the Kibale Forest, Uganda. Biological Conservation 78: 257–262. Kastelein RA, Jennings N, Verboom WC, de Haan D and Schooneman NM (2006) Differences in the response of a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) and a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) to an acoustic alarm. Marine Environmental Research 61: 363–378. 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In: Clemmons JR and Buchholz R (eds) Behavioral Approaches to Conservation in the Wild, pp. 303–328. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Zedrosser A, Støen O, Saebø S and Swenson JE (2007) Should I stay or should I go? Natal dispersal in the brown bear. Animal Behaviour 74: 369–376. Further Reading Conservation and Behaviour Caro T (1998) Behavioral Ecology and Conservation Biology. New York: Oxford University Press, New York. Festa-Bianchet M and Apollonio M (2003) Animal Behavior and Wildlife Conservation. Washington, DC: Island Press. Gosling LM and Sutherland WJ (2000) Behaviour and Conservation. New York: Cambridge University Press. Harcourt AH and Stewart KJ (2007) Socio-ecology and gorilla conservation. Chap. 14. In: Gorilla Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Sutherland WJ (1996) From Individual Behaviour to Population Ecology. Oxford Series in Ecology and Evolution. New York: Oxford University Press. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIFE SCIENCES & 2008, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. www.els.net 9
Behavioural biology: an effective and relevant conservation tool Richard Buchholz Opinion TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution Vol.22 No.8 Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA ‘Conservation behaviour’ is a young discipline that investigates how proximate and ultimate aspects of the behaviour of an animal can be of value in preventing the loss of biodiversity. Rumours of its demise are unfounded. Conservation behaviour is quickly building a capacity to positively influence environmental decision making. The theoretical framework used by animal behaviourists is uniquely valuable to elucidating integrative solutions to human-wildlife conflicts, efforts to reintroduce endangered species and reducing the deleterious effects of ecotourism. Conservation behaviourists must join with other scientists under the multidisciplinary umbrella of conservation biology without giving up on their focus: the mechanisms, development, function and evolutionary history of individual differences in behaviour. Conservation behaviour is an increasingly relevant tool in the preservation of nature. The origins of conservation behaviour Behavioural biology did not rank among the fields included under the multidisciplinary umbrella of conservation biology when this new science was created in 1985 [1]. Perhaps as a consequence, behavioural study was not incorporated into the first conservation biology textbooks and conservation was not mentioned in the animal behaviour texts of the era [2]. It required another decade for the nascent field of ‘conservation behaviour’ to coalesce from symposia, workshops and the resulting multi-authored volumes that appeared after the mid-1990s (citations in [3]). Some have suggested that behavioural biologists became interested in conservation only because they anticipated a new source of research funding [3,4], but those of us who were graduate students at the time know the real reason that conservation behaviour arose: in the face of biodiversity loss and widespread habitat destruction, we wanted our science to be relevant to saving the natural world. Wishing for behavioural biology to be useful to conservation, however, is not evidence that it is. Indeed, some early proponents of conservation behaviour recently seem to have lost their faith in the discipline * . Likewise, I have observed that some aspiring conservation behaviourists are questioning the success of conservation behaviour at integrating with mainstream conservation efforts. Their Corresponding author: Buchholz, R. (byrb@olemiss.edu). * Caro, T. (2006) Challenges and opportunities for behavioural ecologists to save Planet Earth. 25 July Plenary session, 11th Congress of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology, Tours, France. Available online 27 June 2007. www.sciencedirect.com 0169-5347/$ – see front matter ß 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.06.002 pessimism is in sharp contrast to my own view: a decade after I co-edited the first book on the subject [5], Iam pleased with recent developments in the adolescence of conservation behaviour. After only a decade of existence, it is premature to dismiss the relevancy of the conservation behaviourist to saving biodiversity. Here, I show evidence of the vibrancy of this growing field (Box 1) and then recount how the theoretical framework of conservation behaviourists is already positioning them to help solve the types of conservation issues that will be especially vexing in the coming decades. Defining conservation behaviour It is obvious that species-typical patterns of animal movement, feeding and mating must be considered in conservation planning. Thus, the debate over the role of modern animal behaviour studies in conservation is not a question of whether major differences in species comportment (e.g. seasonal migration versus year-round residency) are important to conservation planning. Instead, it is a disagreement over whether the discipline-specific training of animal behaviourists, sensu stricto, is a valuable addition to conservation action teams [6]. I have observed two possible reasons why conservation behaviour has not made major in-roads in traditional conservation biology circles: conservation ecologists believe that they already ‘do’ behaviour, and many think that animal behaviourists work at scales of minor value to protecting entire landscapes, the most cost-effective means of conservation. Behaviour thinking On the surface, ‘doing’ behaviour seems relatively easy. For example, conservation biologists might walk through a forest quantifying territorial vocalizations to census a population of songbirds. Such superficial uses of behavioural biology are no doubt useful, but they, like species-typical behavioural descriptions by natural historians [7], are not conservation behaviour. Conservation behaviour takes advantage of an investigatory framework implicit to all modern animal behaviour studies. This framework is commonly referred to as Tinbergen’s ‘four questions’, because it was first proposed by Nobel-Prizewinning ethologist Niko Tinbergen as a way to guide behavioural research [8]. Tinbergen suggested that we can ask four mutually exclusive questions about any one behaviour by considering both proximate and ultimate explanations for the cause and origin of that behaviour pattern (see Table I in Box 2). Some refer to this use of Tinbergen’s framework as ‘behaviour thinking’, and to
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ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR & CONSERVATION OF
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discomfort without proper protectio
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ABOUT BELIZE Research Site: The pro
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FIELD TRAINING AND ASSIGNMENTS Duri
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS SBCRC is s
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HEALTH INFORMATION Routine Immuniza
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• Consult the CDC for immunizatio
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Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation
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COURSE FEE & ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
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Ecology, Behavior & Conservation of
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2012 Field Course Policy & Liabilit
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2012 Field Course Policy & Liabilit
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FIELD JOURNALS You are required to
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OUR INVESTIGATION Figure 2. G. crut
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Introduction Our Investigation Befo
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2010 VT: Scholar, BANNER, Safe Zone
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presentation to Horn Point Environm
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LaCommare, Katherine S. November 20
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• Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy,
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18 NEWS AND VIEWS By 1995, in respo
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The Elusive Manatee -- An ethologic
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during the summer months while othe
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polyandrous - often mating with sev
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in the summer. Chessie, a male Flor
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ecords indicate that manatees have
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Florida manatee. National Biologica
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parturition: the action or process
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Manatees on the Belize Barrier Reef
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direction, and (e) when ‘travelli
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male travelled at least as far as B
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NEWS OF THE WEEK MEETINGBRIEFS>> 10
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Functional Ecology 2008, 22, 284-28
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172 NOTES Caribbean Journal of Scie
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174 FIG. 1. Drowned Cayes study are
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Bradbury RH, Seymour RM, Antonelli
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The Journal of Experimental Biology
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Fig. 1. Rescue locations of manatee
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The present study is the first to c
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a. b. c. Power Power Power 100 80 6
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2012 COURSE DATES: AUGUST 4 – 17, 2012 - Sirenian International

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