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Part I THE ROOTS AND PHILOSOPHY OF VIPP The evolution of VIPP and its philosophical roots 1
1 Introduction Conferences, workshops, seminars, training sessions and other group events are often formal affairs where participants are required to listen to a large number of speeches from a dais, set rigidly before rows of chairs or a boardroom-style table. Hierarchical relationships are strictly adhered to. Speakers come with fixed positions on various subject matter and attempt to pass on information in lectures, relying on their wit and charm to keep audiences receptive. Very often discussion sessions consist of another series of formal speeches with little or no feedback. Often the content is lost because participants become bored and begin to talk among themselves or daydream when the speaker is not entertaining. The form of the event is given more importance than the content. Everyone has experienced formal and superficial group events. Yet everyone also knows how difficult it is to come to an agreement and to achieve consensus on action to be taken in a democratic way, respecting all viewpoints while balancing the need for professional or expert input. This manual is directed to everyone who wants to improve the traditional style of group events. It gives advice and ideas to organizers, outlining ways to make improvements. It offers ideas for supervisors on how they can involve their staff creatively and how employees can help change the practices of over-directive supervisors. It is especially designed for trainers who believe in the potential of creative human dynamics. VIPP means "Visualization in Participatory Programmes", a peoplecentered approach to planning, training and other group events. Based on a philosophy of trusting in the capacities and creativity of human beings, it combines techniques of visualization with methods for interactive learning. VIPP methods democratize the interaction between people. Although many people may be familiar with participatory methods, this method is different. At the core of VIPP is the use of a large number of multi-coloured paper cards of different shapes and sizes on which the participants express their main ideas in large enough letters or diagrams to be seen by the whole group. Private note taking is not necessary as the clustered cards are photographed, scanned or photocopied for each participant as a collective memory. By this method, everyone takes part in the process of arriving at a consensus. Less talkative participants find a means of expression and those who might normally dominate a group lose control and are forced to let others have their say. By visualizing the group's main proceedings, repetition and circularity in argument are reduced. THE ROOTS AND PHILOSOPHY OF VIPP 3
Page 2 and 3: V I S U A L I S A T I O N I N P A R
Page 4 and 5: Said is not yet heard, Heard is not
Page 6 and 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This manual is a n
Page 8 and 9: Connecting cards 56 Overall design
Page 10 and 11: HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL This manual
Page 14 and 15: 4 VIPP involves capturing all parti
Page 16 and 17: 2 The Roots of VIPP 6 VIPP is a cre
Page 18 and 19: The Roots of VIPP 8 In 1991, Neill
Page 20 and 21: The Philosophy of VIPP 10 Communica
Page 22 and 23: The Philosophy of VIPP 12 Developme
Page 24 and 25: The Philosophy of VIPP 14 Language
Page 26 and 27: 16 THE USES OF VIPP
Page 28 and 29: Group events and VIPP 18 VIPP plann
Page 30 and 31: 20 SOME DEFINITIONS FOR THE USE OF
Page 32 and 33: Group events and VIPP 22 Management
Page 34 and 35: Group events and VIPP 24 Discussion
Page 36 and 37: Group events and VIPP 26 input. Dev
Page 38 and 39: 28 When VIPP methods are used in tr
Page 40 and 41: Group events and VIPP 30 The main c
Page 42 and 43: 5 The Participants In VIPP, the par
Page 44 and 45: The Participants 34 facilitator mus
Page 46 and 47: 6 The Facilitator 36 V IPP depends
Page 48 and 49: The Facilitator 38 Conflicts within
Page 50 and 51: 40 In a training of facilitators wo
Page 52 and 53: The Facilitator 42 There is not onl
Page 55 and 56: 7 VIPP materials and their use The
Page 57 and 58: The number of pin boards required w
Page 59 and 60: Card sizes and shapes Standard card
Page 61 and 62: Dots of about 12 mm to 16mm (1/2" t
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VIPP case: Facilitators who are inv
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Using colours Colours and sizes hav
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Overall design Also use empty space
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Events are often shaped by the phys
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and complexity of the workshop, the
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The rooms for group work should con
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9 Opening events The first day has
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Expectation and fears At the beginn
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10 VIPP rules The rules of VIPP are
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The following sets of rules are bac
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RULES WHICH REINFORCE VIPP PHILOSOP
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Part IV VIPP TECHNIQUES Basic VIPP
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12 Basic VIPP techniques 78 The fol
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80 BASIC RULES OF CARD COLLECTION 1
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82 After discussion, the final clus
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84 After ideas have stopped flowing
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Basic VIPP techniques 86 Multi-dot
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Basic VIPP techniques 88 Name taggi
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90 Breakthrough The participants ar
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Games and exercises 92 Blind trust
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Games and exercises 94 The assassin
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Games and exercises 96 Power cable
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Games and exercises 98 Association
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Games and exercises 100 Visualized
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102 Fish bowl Divide the participan
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Games and exercises 104 Controlled
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106 Horse Trader An exercise in int
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Games and exercises 108 Drawing Dev
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14 Debates 110 Orchestrated debates
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Debates 112 The Fish Pond Purpose:
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Role Plays 114 Examples of role-pla
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Role Plays 116 In the same workshop
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Use of group and plenary 118 3 It a
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Use of group and plenary 120 Buzz g
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Use of group and plenary 122 Case s
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17 Including content and dealing wi
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Including content and dealing with
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Including content and dealing with
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Evaluation 130 Flash Purpose: To ge
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Evaluation 132 Feedback and memo bo
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Evaluation 134 Rapid participatory
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Evaluation 136 Group work on factor
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138
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140 both parties are desperate enou
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142
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144 Mobilizing for Education for Al
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146 Putting Research into Action in
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20 Case Studies 148 Development in
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150 Planning for Social Mobilizatio
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152 Value Clarification* A multimil
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154 PROGRAMME: ORGANIZATION: 1 - Pi
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156 Emery, Merrelyn (ed.) Participa
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Schnelle, Eberhard The Metaplan Met
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