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20 Case Studies 148 Development in Bansilia* The People's Democratic Republic of Bansilia is becoming more interested in health services in its Southern Province. Around 1988 there were political problems in the area. 90% of the population in the South is Banbili and 10% Silbili. The area has been neglected in the past. The political problems arose partially because the area was neglected and partially because of tension with the neighboring state of North Kudu. The region shows a considerable lack of infrastructure. The maintenance of tarmac road between Pasina and the capital city, Tipwa is moderate to poor. Apart from the road from Pasina to Tudu, most of the roads in the Southern Province are of bad quality. Some roads are nothing more than simple tracks. The roads on the plateau are ill-suited for cars although 4 -wheel drive vehicles can pass. Villagers have very poor access to government services. Until recently, health services were available only in Pasina. For a number of years, there has been a decline in nutritional and health status in the area, along with a decline in agricultural productivity. Consequently, there is increasing migration to the major towns of Tipwa and Pasina. The Silbili tribe from the area around Bogo in Southern Province and neighboring North Kudu keep large flocks (mainly goats) and each year they pass through the area west of Tudu on their annual migration between their tribal area and Zuzu Province and vice versa. The Silbili are complaining that the government does not give them adequate services to solve their health problems - both human and animal. They consider themselves a forgotten people. When they pass through the Tudu area, there are frequent clashes with the Banbili. The Silbili are concerned about what they call their traditional grazing rights while the Banbili claim that their flocks cause damage to them and their lands. In the past few years, a number of studies have been conducted in the Southern Province. The major findings are: 1 The province is not very densely populated. The population is estimated to amount to about 500,000. 80% of the Banbili population are farmers. The Banbili live in villages which vary between 100 and 200 households. The average number of people living on a farm is 9. There are no reliable statistical data on the Silbili tribe. 2 As the Southern Province was neglected in the past there is also a very poor government service concerning education and health. Consequently the health status of the rural population becomes worse each year and drop-out rates from school are increasing. CASE STUDIES
There is about 30% visible goiter in the area. Polio remains endemic in spite of a consistent 50% overall immunization coverage for children under one. About 20% of the people have access to tubewell water and 30% have sanitary latrines. 3 In addition, the villagers have started to give up their land and migrate to towns, mostly to Tudu and Pasina. Farmers are also sending their children to town, especially the girls, to earn their living there and send some money home. 4 With regard to animal husbandry practiced by the farmers and the livestock of the nomads, one can say that there is an obvious lack of veterinary services in the whole region. The curative care is inadequate and there are no systematic preventative treatments. Epidemic controls are insufficient even though 60% of the farmers' livestock are attacked by some kind of epidemic. There is no sign of disease transfer from the animal to human population, however. 5 Concerning the clashes between the nomads and farmers, it has become clear that the Banbili refuse to negotiate with the Silbili about grazing rights. Their refusal is based partly on religious differences and partly on their mistaken belief that the diseases of the Silbili flocks cause both crop and human diseases. In consideration of the above situation, the Ministry of Health and the Governor of Southern Province have asked for support. But its outreach service to the people is not strong. There is a lack of well-educated personnel. However, there are two well-established hospitals in the region, one run by a foreign missionary group and one run by an international non-governmental organization. Both have extensive field staff and a solid training programme. UNICEF has been asked to develop an integrated health development project which would service both the human and animal populations. An appraisal mission has been sent in to study the area and to hold participatory workshops in order to design the project. The mission must: 1 Make a systematic overview of the essential problems and their inter-relationship and causes: basic, underlying and immediate. 2 Carry out a participation analysis: the role of all actors in the problem area. 3 Establish a systematic overview of the overall goal and objectives involved in addressing the problems, including targets. 4 Formulate a suitable project design which aims at a real increase in health and nutritional status of both tribes, outlining the main strategies and tasks to be carried out and the time frame involved. * Adapted from ZOPP, GTZ. CASE STUDIES 149
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V I S U A L I S A T I O N I N P A R
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Said is not yet heard, Heard is not
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This manual is a n
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Connecting cards 56 Overall design
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HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL This manual
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Part I THE ROOTS AND PHILOSOPHY OF
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4 VIPP involves capturing all parti
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2 The Roots of VIPP 6 VIPP is a cre
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The Roots of VIPP 8 In 1991, Neill
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The Philosophy of VIPP 10 Communica
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The Philosophy of VIPP 12 Developme
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The Philosophy of VIPP 14 Language
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16 THE USES OF VIPP
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Group events and VIPP 18 VIPP plann
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20 SOME DEFINITIONS FOR THE USE OF
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Group events and VIPP 22 Management
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Group events and VIPP 24 Discussion
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Group events and VIPP 26 input. Dev
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28 When VIPP methods are used in tr
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Group events and VIPP 30 The main c
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5 The Participants In VIPP, the par
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The Participants 34 facilitator mus
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6 The Facilitator 36 V IPP depends
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The Facilitator 38 Conflicts within
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40 In a training of facilitators wo
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The Facilitator 42 There is not onl
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7 VIPP materials and their use The
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The number of pin boards required w
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Card sizes and shapes Standard card
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Dots of about 12 mm to 16mm (1/2" t
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VIPP case: Facilitators who are inv
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Using colours Colours and sizes hav
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Overall design Also use empty space
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Events are often shaped by the phys
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and complexity of the workshop, the
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The rooms for group work should con
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9 Opening events The first day has
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Expectation and fears At the beginn
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10 VIPP rules The rules of VIPP are
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The following sets of rules are bac
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RULES WHICH REINFORCE VIPP PHILOSOP
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Part IV VIPP TECHNIQUES Basic VIPP
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12 Basic VIPP techniques 78 The fol
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80 BASIC RULES OF CARD COLLECTION 1
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82 After discussion, the final clus
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84 After ideas have stopped flowing
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Basic VIPP techniques 86 Multi-dot
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Basic VIPP techniques 88 Name taggi
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90 Breakthrough The participants ar
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Games and exercises 92 Blind trust
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Games and exercises 94 The assassin
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Games and exercises 96 Power cable
Page 108 and 109: Games and exercises 98 Association
Page 110 and 111: Games and exercises 100 Visualized
Page 112 and 113: 102 Fish bowl Divide the participan
Page 114 and 115: Games and exercises 104 Controlled
Page 116 and 117: 106 Horse Trader An exercise in int
Page 118 and 119: Games and exercises 108 Drawing Dev
Page 120 and 121: 14 Debates 110 Orchestrated debates
Page 122 and 123: Debates 112 The Fish Pond Purpose:
Page 124 and 125: Role Plays 114 Examples of role-pla
Page 126 and 127: Role Plays 116 In the same workshop
Page 128 and 129: Use of group and plenary 118 3 It a
Page 130 and 131: Use of group and plenary 120 Buzz g
Page 132 and 133: Use of group and plenary 122 Case s
Page 134 and 135: 17 Including content and dealing wi
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Page 140 and 141: Evaluation 130 Flash Purpose: To ge
Page 142 and 143: Evaluation 132 Feedback and memo bo
Page 144 and 145: Evaluation 134 Rapid participatory
Page 146 and 147: Evaluation 136 Group work on factor
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Page 150 and 151: 140 both parties are desperate enou
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Page 154 and 155: 144 Mobilizing for Education for Al
Page 156 and 157: 146 Putting Research into Action in
Page 160 and 161: 150 Planning for Social Mobilizatio
Page 162 and 163: 152 Value Clarification* A multimil
Page 164 and 165: 154 PROGRAMME: ORGANIZATION: 1 - Pi
Page 166 and 167: 156 Emery, Merrelyn (ed.) Participa
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