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Basic VIPP techniques 88 Name tagging It is important for facilitators to get to know participants by name as quickly as possible and for participants to know one another. Often in group events special name tags are prepared beforehand with full names and designation. These are not usually readable from a distance and so participants have to wait for tea/coffee break to get to know names of fellow participants. In VIPP events such formality is avoided. Name tags can be made from VIPP cards, paper clips and masking tape on entering the room. First names or familiar names which the participants want to be known by are used. Organization is optional. One method of having everyone interact from the beginning is to have participants write their name cards and put them in a pile in the centre of the group. The participants then are asked to pick up the name of someone they don't know and find that person. This forces everyone to ask who the strangers are, thereby reducing barriers to communication from the beginning. A quick and less complicated method of name tagging is to have participants write their names directly on masking tape which is then stuck to clothing. Rolls of tape and markers are passed around from person to person just before the event begins. This method is convenient and participants who lose or forget their tags can be asked to rewrite them instantly. Name cards may also be quickly made by participants for voting on priorities or for choosing amongst alternatives. These are pinned by the participants on boards beside the relevant idea cards. A NAME GAME One method of breaking the ice and getting to know each other quickly, at the beginning of a workshop, is to remove name tags and sit in a circle and simply ask one participant at a time to name all other participants starting with the one sitting beside him or her and going around the circle. The name game continues until everyone can name everyone else around the circle. If time allows, they can be asked to name fellow participants in reverse order to be sure that names and faces are fixed in their minds. VIPP TECHNIQUES
13 Games and exercises Very much a part of VIPP are the icebreakers, introductions and warm-ups which speed up and enhance the amount and the quality of interaction in groups. Icebreakers The purpose of icebreakers is to animate participants; to motivate them for the next session; to reach a higher level of concentration for the next activity or for changing an exercise from a purely intellectual activity to one where more senses become involved. Mutual presentations of fellow participants can also have an icebreaking characteristic. Icebreakers must be well prepared, instructions given clearly and quickly executed. A lot of adult games can be adopted as icebreakers. Their use depends entirely on the kind of group, the setting and the mood of the group. The experienced facilitator will be able to decide when to apply each game. For example, to wake up participants in the morning, to change the subject, to renew concentration after lunch, etc. Ideally there should be a direct linkage between an icebreaker and the workshop process. For example, a cooperative game such as Breakthrough and reflection about cooperation as a desirable workshop principle. For some exercises the facilitator may split the plenary into smaller groups if the number of participants is large. The following are short descriptions of some important icebreakers. Many more possibilities can be explored in different manuals which are mentioned in the appendices. VIPP TECHNIQUES Games and exercises 89
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V I S U A L I S A T I O N I N P A R
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Said is not yet heard, Heard is not
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This manual is a n
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Connecting cards 56 Overall design
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HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL This manual
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Part I THE ROOTS AND PHILOSOPHY OF
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4 VIPP involves capturing all parti
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2 The Roots of VIPP 6 VIPP is a cre
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The Roots of VIPP 8 In 1991, Neill
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The Philosophy of VIPP 10 Communica
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The Philosophy of VIPP 12 Developme
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The Philosophy of VIPP 14 Language
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16 THE USES OF VIPP
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Group events and VIPP 18 VIPP plann
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20 SOME DEFINITIONS FOR THE USE OF
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Group events and VIPP 22 Management
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Group events and VIPP 24 Discussion
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Group events and VIPP 26 input. Dev
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28 When VIPP methods are used in tr
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Group events and VIPP 30 The main c
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5 The Participants In VIPP, the par
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The Participants 34 facilitator mus
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6 The Facilitator 36 V IPP depends
Page 48 and 49: The Facilitator 38 Conflicts within
Page 50 and 51: 40 In a training of facilitators wo
Page 52 and 53: The Facilitator 42 There is not onl
Page 55 and 56: 7 VIPP materials and their use The
Page 57 and 58: The number of pin boards required w
Page 59 and 60: Card sizes and shapes Standard card
Page 61 and 62: Dots of about 12 mm to 16mm (1/2" t
Page 63 and 64: VIPP case: Facilitators who are inv
Page 65 and 66: Using colours Colours and sizes hav
Page 67 and 68: Overall design Also use empty space
Page 69 and 70: Events are often shaped by the phys
Page 71 and 72: and complexity of the workshop, the
Page 73 and 74: The rooms for group work should con
Page 75 and 76: 9 Opening events The first day has
Page 77 and 78: Expectation and fears At the beginn
Page 79 and 80: 10 VIPP rules The rules of VIPP are
Page 81 and 82: The following sets of rules are bac
Page 83 and 84: RULES WHICH REINFORCE VIPP PHILOSOP
Page 85: Part IV VIPP TECHNIQUES Basic VIPP
Page 88 and 89: 12 Basic VIPP techniques 78 The fol
Page 90 and 91: 80 BASIC RULES OF CARD COLLECTION 1
Page 92 and 93: 82 After discussion, the final clus
Page 94 and 95: 84 After ideas have stopped flowing
Page 96 and 97: Basic VIPP techniques 86 Multi-dot
Page 100 and 101: 90 Breakthrough The participants ar
Page 102 and 103: Games and exercises 92 Blind trust
Page 104 and 105: Games and exercises 94 The assassin
Page 106 and 107: Games and exercises 96 Power cable
Page 108 and 109: Games and exercises 98 Association
Page 110 and 111: Games and exercises 100 Visualized
Page 112 and 113: 102 Fish bowl Divide the participan
Page 114 and 115: Games and exercises 104 Controlled
Page 116 and 117: 106 Horse Trader An exercise in int
Page 118 and 119: Games and exercises 108 Drawing Dev
Page 120 and 121: 14 Debates 110 Orchestrated debates
Page 122 and 123: Debates 112 The Fish Pond Purpose:
Page 124 and 125: Role Plays 114 Examples of role-pla
Page 126 and 127: Role Plays 116 In the same workshop
Page 128 and 129: Use of group and plenary 118 3 It a
Page 130 and 131: Use of group and plenary 120 Buzz g
Page 132 and 133: Use of group and plenary 122 Case s
Page 134 and 135: 17 Including content and dealing wi
Page 136 and 137: Including content and dealing with
Page 138 and 139: Including content and dealing with
Page 140 and 141: Evaluation 130 Flash Purpose: To ge
Page 142 and 143: Evaluation 132 Feedback and memo bo
Page 144 and 145: Evaluation 134 Rapid participatory
Page 146 and 147: Evaluation 136 Group work on factor
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138
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140 both parties are desperate enou
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142
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144 Mobilizing for Education for Al
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146 Putting Research into Action in
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20 Case Studies 148 Development in
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150 Planning for Social Mobilizatio
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152 Value Clarification* A multimil
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154 PROGRAMME: ORGANIZATION: 1 - Pi
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156 Emery, Merrelyn (ed.) Participa
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Schnelle, Eberhard The Metaplan Met
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