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VERMOUTH.
Venuoath. (veiumSt, v3-jm«J)). Also vermuth,
[a. F. Vermont (v^rmKt), ad. G. ivermuth
wormwood, Webmuth.] An alcoholic cordial or
liqueur consisting; of white wine flavoured with
wormwood or other aromatic herbs and taken in
order to stimulate the appetite. Also atlrib,
1806 J . PwiiF.RTOti J!eivUtc/. Paris 11. XV. 20S A decanter
of J.amaic.l rum, Wormwood wine, or that of Vermouth.
1837 LvTTOM /;. .Mallrav. vil. i, Thinking that you soften
the hearts of your friends by soups a la irisijite^ and I't-rmutk
vyine at a guinea a bottle 1 1870 PaltMallG. 5 Nov.
12 Absinthe and vermouth began to be .sold in them. 1884
y CoLBORNE HLks Pasha 83 There is one Italian firm
importing good vermouth.
^
b. A glass or drink of this.
1899 J. Conrad in Blackii'. Mag. Feb. 201/1 As we sat
over our vermuths he glorified the Company's business.
1903 'Marjohihanks' /-Vic/f-Z/KKr.-rj 151 He felt discomfited,
and ordered a Vermouth to gain time for reflection.
Vermtilon, -ylone, -yl(y)oun, etc., obs. ff.
VERiirLio.v. Vern, southern dial. var. Kerx sh.'^
Vernacle, var. Vebnicle.
t Vernacly, adv. Obs.—^ [Irreg. f. L. vernacnlus
: see below.] = Vebnacdlablt aiiv.
1673 HlCKEBlNGiLL Grrg. f. Crcyb. 284 By Hebrew Jews
you mean Jews that vernacly speak Hebrew.
Vernacul, obs. f. Vebnicle.
Vernacolar (vajnse-kirflaj), a. and sb. Also
7 vernaculer. [f. L. vernacul-us domestic, native,
indigenous (hence It. vernacolo, Pg. vernaitilo),
f. venia a home-born slave, a native.
The Latin adj. occurs in a large variety of applications;
the restricted use common in English is represented by
I'erttacula vflcabula in Varro.]
A. adj. 1. That writes, uses, or speaks the
native or indigenous language of a country or
district.
ifci Bp. W. Barlow Defittcc a A vernaculer pen-man:,
hauing translated them into English. 1715 M. Davies
Athen. Brit. 1. 77 The Ofiice of the Virgin Rlary.. is Translated
also in most Languages for the Use of the Vernacular
Romanists. 1716 lliid. III. 38 The learned vernacular
Editor of Hippocrates's Works in French, Mr. Dacier. 1819
W. Tavixir in Monthly Mag. XLVIL 30 The vernacular
public remained unmoved, atul gazed at the labours of
authorship, as Londoners at the opera. 1869 Freeman
AVrw. Conq. (1875) IIL xii. 145 The vernacular poet more
kindly helps us to the real names,
2. Of a language or dialect : That is naturally
sages are modulations on the vernacular airs of Otaheite. j
1850 Ecdesiologist XI. 176 Even Rome, then, cannot con. !
sislently blame words to the vernacular Gregorian melodies.
b. In predicative use. Also with preps. 1
s8o8 Sm Smith Wks. (1859) I. 103/2 Ihe Scriptures
translated into the Tamulic language, which is vcriwcular
in the southern parts of the peninsula. 1835 Macaulav in
I rcvelyan Compel. Wallah (1866) 321 The intellectual improvement
of those classes, .can at present be eflected only
l, Earnest (iiTi\ II. 10 The
vernacular Anglo-S.ixon before the Conquest was undergoing
that change which all languages suffer. 1883 Froude
in Contemp. Rev. XLIV. 18 He (LutherJ began to translate
the Bible into clear vernacular German.
3. Of literary works, etc. : Written or spoken in,
translated into, the native language of a particular
country or people.
iMi Glanvill Van. Dogm. 156 Though, in Greek or
l.atine, they amuse us, yet a vernacular translation unmasks
them. 1716 M. Davies Atheu. Brit. III. 20 Dr
Harvey siamily.Fhysician, and most of Will. .Salmon's
Books, with other such like Vernacular Pharmacy. 1788
Warbuktoi* Tracts (1780I ,70 I.ong vernacular .Sermons
from Dr .Parr. Parr. 1841 IVUraeli D Israeli Amen. Lit. Pref. (1850)
p. Ill, A history of our vernacular literature has occupied
my studies for many years. 1868 J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch.
t-ng. I. 495 Vernacular pray.r-books had, indeed, been lone
known 10 England. 1874 Green short Hist. i. f 5. (1876)
Vol, a.
j
; _the
' to
j
i.sr
49 The Chronicle remains the first vernacular history ofany
1 eutonic people,
b. Performed in the native language.
1874 A. Somerville Led. Missions xiii. 243 A paper
which he read on Vernacular Preaching at the Ootacamund
Missionary Conference.
4. Of words, etc. : Of or pertaining to, forming
part of, the native language.
1716 -M. Davies At/ten. Brit. II. 174 This Ralph is call'J
also Koger, the Latin name, Rariulphus, being possibly
capable of both those Vernacular Appropriations. 1728
Pope Dune. I. .Votes, Which being a French and foreign
termination, is no w.iy proper to a word entirely English
and vernacular. 1788 V. Knox IVinler Even. xxii. (1790)
1. 193 Brown.. preferred polysyllabic expressions derived
from the language of ancient Rome, to his vernacular vocabulary
1816 Scott Old Alort. Peroration, O, ignorance 1
as if the vernacular article of our mother English were
capable of declension ! 1848 Gallenca Italy I. ii. 146 Lowborn
vernacular idioms were handed down to posterity as
the poet's creation. 1864 Bkyce Holy Horn. Emp. xv.(i875)
257 \t hose official style of Augustus, .as well as the vernacular
name of ' Kaiser ' [etc).
b. Native or natural to a particular language.
iS^^ProcPhilol. _ Soc. 1. 176 The finding an i.solated term
in an .Anglo-Savon or German vocabulary by no means
proves It to be vern.acular to that language.
5. Connected or concerned with the native language.
184s Stocqleler Handhk. Brit. India (1854) 234 The
southern side of the building is appropriated to the verna.
cubr department, and the northern to the English. 1883
R. B. S.MIT11 Life Ld. Lawrence II. 535 Efforts were made
to extend vernacular education.
6. Ofarts, or features of these: Native or peculiar
a particular country or locality.
1857 Sir G. Scott Sec. «, Dom. Architecture 6 Look at
vernacular cottage-building of the day. a 1878 —
Lect. Archil. (1879) !'• S'S The revived knowledge of the
architecture of Greece rudely disturbed the vernacular style
derived from Rome. 1893 Harper's Weekly 21 Oct. 101 1/2
The theatre is a big, rather bare room, app.-u-ently of vernacular
Javanese construction.
\1. Of diseases: Characteristic of, occurring in,
a particular country or district ; endemic. Obs.
1666 G. Harvey Morh. Angl. i. (1672) 2 Which in.stances
do evidently bring a Consumption under the notion of a
Pandeniick, or Endemick, or rather a Vernacular Disease
to England. 1718 CuAMBEas Cycl. s v., Diseases which
reign most in any particular Nation, Province, or District,
are called Vernacular Di-seases.
8. Of a slave : That is bom on his master's
estate ; home-bom. rarr~^.
.«*o4 W. Tavlor in Ann. Rev. II. 326 K disposition to use
kindly, and to emancipate frequently, the vernacular slave.
171s M. Davics AtJien. Brit. I. 325 Charles the Fifth,
King of France, order'd the Bible to be translated . . in the
Picardian and Norman Vernaculars, a 1734 North Lit'es
(1826) III. 32a Latin, and the vernaculars westward,, .cirry
nearly the same idiom. 1850 S. Dobell Roman vii, The
wayfarer Of many lands is not responsible For each vernacular.
i88a Atlunxum 4 Mar. 280 Some of the peoples and
tribes whose vernacuLars that cUiss comprises. 189a Times
24 Dec. 3/1 Spain, destined to \x for long the most active
enemy of the circulation of the Scriptures in modern
vernaculars.
3. transf. The phraseology or idiom of a particular
profession, trade, etc.
1876 Tait Rec. Adv. Phys. Science vi. 151 To use the
vernacular of engineers. 1891 Century Mag. May 128/2 On
the bar we found friends that we bad made in Panama, who
had preceded us a few days, long enough to speak the vernacular
of mining.
Hence 'Verna-onlarness. rare-'.
1717 Bailev (vol. II), lernacularness, Properness, or
Peculiarness to one's own Country,
Vemacnlarism (v3jnae-ki»?lariz'm). [-I8M.]
1. A vernacular word, idiom, or mode of expression
1846 Worcester (citing Q. Rev,). 1863 Npale Ess. i
. forgets
i 1.
VERNAGE.
I.iturgiol. 527 Wherever the Church., was not established
till a late period, there such vernacularisms are scarcely, or
liot at all, perceptible. 1873 F. Hall Mod. Eng. 307 note,
Ihe more of such vernacularisms (as ' belongings'! we call
up from the past, the better.
2. The use of the native language.
iSSo Ecdesiologist XI. 176 If Rome not merely allows, but
authorises such vernacularism, who can forbid us to emnlov
our own Ecclesiastical English ?
Vemacularity (vamoeki/aoe-rTti). [-1TY.]
The lact of belonging or adhering to the
vernacular or native language.
[184a Sir W. Hamilton in Reid's Wks. 1. ico/2 note. As
the expressions are scientific, it is perhaps no loss that their
technical precision is gu.-irded by their non.vernacularity.)
1847 De Quincev in Tail's Maf. XIV. 570 The merit,
which justly you ascribe to Swift, is vemacularity ; he never
his mother-tongue in exotic forms.
2. A vernacularism.
1867 Carlvle E. Irving in Reniin. (1881) 1. 335 Rustic
Annandale begins it, with its homely honesties, rough ver-
. nacularities, .safe, innocently kind.
Verna cnlariza'tion. [f. next -i- -ation.]
The action of making, or fact of being made, vernacular
or native to a language.
i NACL'LARrt.
j
1873 F. Hall Mod. Eng. 105 Thousands of word.s,. .on their
first appearance, or revival, as candidates for vernacularization,
must have met with repugnance.
Vernacularize (vajntckirflaraiz), zi. [f. Ver-
-H-izE.] /raw. To render Or tr.anslate
into the native speech of a people; to make
vernacular.
'H' ^^- 'i'*'>''-°'' in Monthly Rev. XCIV. 384 The Stephens,
or blephenses, as their names have.. been vernacularized
among us. 1830 — y/irf. Sun: Germ. Poetry III. 450
Godfred of Strasburg, who vernacularized Trystan