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VULGAKIST.
'1785 G. A. Bellamy Apohsy (ed. 3) IV. is8 The comphutiU
of having nothing to do, is such a vulgarism, that I
wonder any pcrsons.-can degrade theniselves by tiie
acknowledgement. 1814 Jane Austen Mansjield Park
xlvi. Visions of good and ill breeding, of old vulgarisms and
new gentiliiies were before her. 1834 Tait's Mag, I. 54 '
Since the scent of that flower has been voted a vulgarism I
Valffarist. [f. Vulgar a. + -ist.] A vulgarian.
.1847 Frasers Mag^ XXXVI. 53 In the every-day pursuits
of the vulgarist there is a link connecting them.
Vulgarity (vplgx-nti), [ad. L. (post-classical)
vuigiintas the mass or multitude (f. vulgar-i$
Vulgar a.), or f. Vulgar a. +-ity. Cf. F. vulgarity
It. volgarithy Sp. vulgaridad, Pg. -t'lfade,']
fl. The commonalty ; the common people. 06s.
1579 NoRTHBROOKK Dtdng (1843) 73 The eternal! God
hath appoynted & diuided his Church militant into four
parts: first, into principalhie; seconde, into nobiUtie;
thirde, into pastoraltiie; fourthly, into vulgaritie. j6i6 j.
Lane Contn. Sgr.^s T, viir. 330 So these condemnd, thence
garded weare to dye, lothd, skornd, revild, cursd of th'
vulgaritie. 163J Lithcow Trav, ix. 421 A proud Nobility,
a familiar and manly Gentry, and a ruvidous vulgarity.
x6s^ Gaudbn Tears Ck. Pref. 3 The meere vulgarity (like
Swine) are prone to cry out more, for a little bite by the eare,
than for all the sordidnesse of sin.
+ b. The ordinary sort or run {of a class, etc.)-
X646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. vii. 25 'lis true by the
\Tilgarity of Philosophers there are many points beleeved
without probation. 1681 Rvcaut tr. Gracian's Critick 190
His Humour formed of a disagreeing mould and nature to
the vulgarity of the World.
t c. Used as a mock-title to designate one of the
common people. Obs."^
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. iii. 11 For true it is,
(and I hope shall not offend theii vulgarities) if I say they
are daily mocked into errour.
+ 2. General use; common diffusion. Obs. rare.
x6xa Brbrewood Lang. ^ Rflig. 33 It may well seem that
the Roman tongue became not the vulgar language in any
of these parts of the empire, which yet are specially
instanced, for the large vulgarity of it. c 1645 Howell
Lett. (1650) I. 387 The Latin or primitive Roman tongue, .
though living yet in the Schools,, .may be said to be
defunct in point of vulgarity, any lime these 1000 years
passed.
f 3. The quality of being usual, ordinary, or
commonplace ; an instance of this, Obs.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. iil 12 Although their
condition and fortunes may place them many Spheres above
the multitude, yet are they still within the line of vulgarity.
1656 Bloust Glossogr.y Vulgarity^ the common manner or
fashion of the vulgar people. x6(S5-6 Phil. Trans. I. 228
In these Vulgarities we may.. trace out the cause and
nature of Light, as in Jewels of greatest value. 1716 M.
Davies Aiken, Brit. Ill, 34 He.. was answer'd that he
never differ'd any thing to the Morrow, or some such thing
to the same learned purpose of Dissenting Sermons, which
areoften full of such Unacholar.like Vulgarities.
4. The quality of being vulgar, unrefined, or
coarse; an instance of this.
a 1774 TucKKR Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 681 It seems too narrow
a vulgarity in those who value themselves upon being raised
above the vulgar, to despise every old woman . . because she
does not understand Latin, and has no interest in the
county. 178a V. Knox Ess. xlvii. (1819) I. 257 Verses..
now admired for that artless simplicity, which once obtained
the name of coarseness and vulgarity. x8ia H. & Smith
J.
Rej. Addr. X. (1873) 92 The auditor.. compares incipient
grandeur with final vulgarity. X833 Coleridge Table-t, 20
Jan., The ignorant zealotry and sordid vulgarity of the
leaders of the day! x86o Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. ix. vii.
§ 23 We may conclude that vulgarity consists in a deadness
of the heart and body, resulting from prolonged, and
especially from inheiited conditions of 'degeneracy '. ^ 1876
Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. 11. 260 Our imagination of
him has dwelt securely in ideal remoteness from the vulgarities
of life.
Vulgarization (volgaraiz^-Jan). [See next
and -ATION. So F. vulgarisation^ Sp. -izacion^ Pg.
•isafooy It. volgarizzazione.'\
L The action of making usual or common ; the
general
process of rendering familiar or popular ;
dissemination.
1656 Blount Glossogr., Vulgarization, a making common
or vulvar, 1B07 in Spirit Pub. Jmis. XL 43 She has raised
a bamer against the vulgarization of the hump, which cannot
be broken down, either by love or money. 1865 Hat.
Rev. 4 Feb. 148/1 Professional exclusiveness for centuries
opposed the vulgarization of such knowledge. 1873 Hamer-
TOM IntelL Life iii. vi, 104 The vulgarization of rudiments
is not the advancement of Knowledge.
2. The action or process of rendering coarse or
unrefined.
1819 W, S. Rose Lett. I. 205 From the first appearance of
thb race, .down to their vulgarization under Leopold, . .we
may remark this preponderating feature. X869 Pall Mall
C. 8 Oct. 12 George Sand has not only consented to the
vulgarization of her thoroughly beautiful novel, she has
actually lent a hand to the gentleman who has vulgarized it.
1884 Contenip. Rev. Aug. 334 'Ihere is no fear that the
steam-engine will bring about that hopeless vulgarisation of
the country which usually follows in its track.
Vulgarize (vy-lgaraiz), V. [f. Vulgar a. +
-IZE, perh. after med.L. vulgarizare (1305), F.
vulgariser (16th cent, and mod.), Sp. vulgarizar^
Pg. -war, It. volgarizzare.']
1. inlr. To act in a vulgar manner ; to become
vulgar.
1605 Daniel EpiU. Lady AnneCli_fford vi, Honour, .canoot
stray and breake abroade Into the priuate wayesof care-
328
' Ramsbottom
lesnesse ; Nor euer may descend to vulgarize. Or be below
the sphere of her abode. 1846 Mrs. Gore £'«jf. CA/i»-. (1852)
06 A man having loo much regard for his complexion to
infringe upon the wine-cellar, and too much interest in his
slimness to vulgarise on ate.
2. trans. To make common or popular ; to reduce
to the level of something usual or ordinary.
X709 T. Robinson Vind. Mosnick Syst. Introd. 6 'I'o
Vulgarize and to Allegorize the Scripture, are equally of
evil Consequence to Religion. 1786 Sir J. Reynolds Disc.
xiit. Wks. 1797 1. 273 To find proper foundations for science
is neither to narrow or to vulgarise it. 1839 Bailey Festus
145 The great bards. . Men who have vulgarized sublimity,
And bought up truth for the nations. 1870 Lowell A mong
my Bks, Ser. I. (1873) 154 The invention of printing, without
yet vulgarizing letters, had made the thought and history
of the entire past contemporaneous. 187a Browning Fifine
Ixxv, Change yourself, dissimulate the thought And vulgarize
the word.
3. To make vulgar or commonplace ; to debase,
degrade.
1756 Mrs. F. Brooke Old Maid No. 32. 262 Its being the
religion of the whole nation has made it too common, and,
if I may be allowed the expression, vulgarized it. a 1774
Tucker Lt, Nat. (1834) II. 29 It would vilify, and, I may
say, vulgarize the Almighty, to imagine Him..engaged
among the trifling scenes that occupy our notice. iSso
Hazlitt Table-t. (1824) II. i. 7 They vulgarise and degrade
whatever is interesting or sacred to the mind, a z8ii V,
Knox Winter Even, xxxviii. Wks. 1824 II. 478 Learning
sullied with pedantry, exhortation vulgarized by low wit.
a 1853 Robertson Led., Wordsw. (1858) 244 It seemed as
if all that noise was vulgarizing the poet. 1871 L. Stephen
Playgr. Eur. (1894) ii. 64 Some., peak, not yet vulgarised
by associations with guides and picnics.
b. absol. To cause or produce vulgarity,
1849 C- Kronte Shirley vi. Family jarring vulgarizes—
family union elevates.
Hence Vu'Igarized ppl. a. ; Vu'lgarizer, one
who vulgarizes or makes popular ; Vu'Igarizing
vbl. sb. and ///. a.
1847 De Quincev in ' H. A. Page' Lije (1877) I. xv. 349
The absolute realities of *vulgarised life as it exists in
plebeian ranks amongst our countrymen. 1884 Harper's
Mag. Mar. 568/2 The vulgarized phrase, a gentleman. 1899
Atnenxnm 28 Jan. 105/3 ^^ [Albert Smith] was the
*vulgarizer of Switzerland. 1831 Mrs. Hemans in Chorley
Mem. (1836) II. Z36 Braham's singing was not equal to the
instrumental part, but he did not disfigure it by his customary
and *vulgarizing graces. x87X L. Stephen Playgr.
Eur, (1894) xii. 280 'I'he eternal mountains, .never recall.,
(he vulgarising association of old days.
Vulgarly (vo-lgaali), adv. Also 6 vulgarely(e,
vulgarlie. [f. Vulgar a, + -ly ^.]
1. In common or everyday speech ; vernacularly,
colloquially: fa. With verbs of speaking, dis-
coursing, etc. Obs. rare.
CX374 Chaucer Troylus iv. 1513 And, vulgarly tospekenof
Substaunce, Of Tresour may we boJ>e with vs lede, Y-nowh
to lyue in honour and pleasaunce. 1647 Trapp Comm. Matt.
xi. 17 And he is the best preacher, saith Luther, that delivereth
himself vulgarly, plainly, trivially. 1659 Hammond On
Ps. i. I Annot. 6 The Hebrew [word]., vulgarly signifies the
result of the consultation.
b. With verbs of naming, esp. in vulgarly called,
styledf etc.
\%xiLi/e Hen. ^(1911) 160 Agreateassemblieofestatesof
Fraunce, vulgarlie called a Parlyament, wherein the three
estates of the Realme were present, a XS48 Hall Chron.^
Hen. Vlly 28 b, The socieie of saynct George vulgarely
called the order of the garier. 1^5 T. Washington ir.
Niiholay's Voy. i. i, The mount Rhodope vulgarly called
the mountes of siluer. 163a Lithgow Trav. ii. 50 The
chiefest..is called Teucria, but thev are vulgarly called the
lies of Diomedes. X653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxviii.
108 That [river], .enters into the sea in the Empire of
Sornaan, vulgarly stiled Slam. x688 R. Holme Armoury
in. 331/2 For the Pitchfork (or Pikel, which we vulgarly
call it) it is an Instrument much used in Husbandry for
tlieir Loading and Stacking of Hay and Corn, a 1718
Pesn Li/e Wks. 1726 I. 16 Being the Fourth Instant,
vulgarly called Sunday. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones 11. iv,
The chandler's shop, the known seat of all the news, or as
it is vulgarly called, gossiping. X774 J. Hutchins Dorset
I. 589 Tlie parsonage hou-^e, vulgarly called the vicar.tge
house, stood about the middle of the island. 1855 Macaulav
Hist.Eng. xiv. IIL 406 He was what is vulgarly called a
disinterested man. i86x M. Pattison Ess. (1SS9) I. 41 This
original factoryand staple of the German merchants, vulgarly
called 'The Steelyard ',.*st''l stands on the banks of the
Thames. x868 Rep. U.S. Commissioner Agric. (1869) 95
Many of the species., are here known £is fire-flies, or, moie
vulgarly, lightning-bugs.
2. Among or by the people generally ; commonly
or ordinarily: a. As a matter of knowledge,
belief, etc.
XS07 Justes Moneths May ^ June 59 in Hazl. E. P. P. IL
is in euery realme vulgarely To
123 Hye magesty . . Knowen
his hoiioure. 1593 Harvey Pierce's Super, Wks. (Grosart)
IL 275 Which 1 purposely auoided, as not so vulgarly
familiar. 1611 Si'eed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xvii. (1623) 885
Where the Corps is now laide is not vulgarly knowne. x6ia
Selden Hlustr. Dr,iyton*s Poly-olb. i. 22 What I report
thus.. is truth, and differeth much from what vulgarly is
receiued. 163* Lithgow Trav. 1. 19 Whose luxurious hues
aie vulgarly promulgat in this..prouerbe. a 1688 Cudworth
Dnmut. Mor. (1731 ) 94 Though they be very different, . . yet
theyare vulgarlymistaken for oneand thesame thing. X7ia
Steele -Syifff^ No. 462 rs The many good-natured Condescensions
of this Prince are vulgarly known. X793
Martvn Lang. Bot. s.v. Bulby It is vulgarly considered as
a root, and wascalledso by Botanists till Linneus corrected
the error. 1865 Mozlev Mirac. ii. 41 The inductive principle
is only this unreasoning impulse applied to a scientifically
ascertained fact, instead of to a vulgarly ascertained
fact.
VULGATE.
b. As a matter of use or habit.
16x7 MoRVSON Itin. III. 155 They vulgarly eate harth
Cakes of Gates, but in Cities haue also wheaten-bread. X659
Hammond On Ps. Annot. 2 Not from any sensual pleasure,
such as men vulgarly take in Rlusick. 1607 Bentlev Phal.
(1699) 142 The middle Verse, as it is vulgarly read, is an
instance against me. 1806 A. Knox Re?n. (1844) I. 61 The
dread of Popery and the consequent prejudice against everything
vulgarly branded with that stigma. 184X Emerson
Ess., Over.Soul {1S76) 233 Our religion vulgarly stands on
numbers of believers. 1859 MiLi.Liberfy i, 13 The tyranny of
the majority was at first, and is siill vulgarly, held in dread.
t c. With reference to speech ; As a vernacular
tongue. Obs.
x6ia Brekewood Lang. ^ Relig. 8 These were the places,
where the Greek tongue was nat[vely and vulgarly spoken.
163* Lithgow Trav. in. 116 I'hey speake vulgarly and
Maternally here the Hebrew tongue. X698 Hearne Duct.
Hist. (1714) I. 72 The Latin Tongue ceases to be vulgarly
spoken in Italy [in] 587.
t3. Publicly ; in the eyes of the world. Obs. rare.
x6ox 13. JoNSON Poetaster iii. iii, Seeke not to eclipse my
reputation thus vulgarly. X603 Shaks. Meas./or M. v. i.
160 First for this woman, 'i'o iustifie this worthy Noble man.
So vulgarly and personally accus'd.
i 4. a. In a commonplace manner. Obs.~^
c 1600 Timon iv. ii. (1842) 63 Gelns. Doth shee loue mee?
Blat. I knowe shee dothe, and that not vulgarly,
t b. By ordinary arithmetic. Obs. rare.
X7XX Loud. Gaz. No. 4825/4 Each Proposition being
wrought Vulgarly, Decimally,, .and Instrumentally. X76»
Fractions Anat. 74 Let us now divide 20
Shillings Vulgarly, and then td. by 6d. Decimally, a Pound
the Integer.
5. In a vulgar, coarse, or unrefined manner.
1831 ScoTT Ct. Rob. vii, The superstition of the Egyptians
—vulgarly gross in its literal meaning.. — was disowned by
the principles of general toleration. 1847 L. Hunt Men,
Women, ', Vulgarness, the
manner of the common People. X759 Compl. Lett.-wriier
(ed. 6) 22b Urst come, first serve ; 1 detest such vulgarness.
1796 Anna Seward Lett. (1811) IV. 206 Alleging that
immorality, vulgarness, bombast, and even obscurity, pervaded
all my writings.
Vulgate (vz?lg^t), a. and sb. [ad. L. vulgata
(sc. eMtio or ledi^ and vulgdt-us (sc. lextus), lem.
and masc. pa. pple. of vulgdre : see next. Cf. (in
sense B. i b) F. Vulgate, It., Sp., Pg. Vulgata.^
A. adj. 1. In common use as a version of ihe
employed or occurring
Bible (or portion of this) ;
in one of these versions.
Ordinarily limited to the versions specified in B i, and
particularly to St. Jerome's. In varRus contexts the adj.
coalesces with attributive uses of the sb.
X609 Bible {Douay) To Rdr. p. iii b. So that the old Vulgate
Latin Edition hath bene preferred, and vsed for most
auihentical aboue a thousand and three hundered yeares.
X7a7 Blackwall Sacred Classics I!. Pref 16 The Latin
vulgate Bible was declar'd authentic and canoniz'd by the
council of Trent, A.D. 1546. 1718 Chambers Q/c/. s.v.,_M.
Simon calls the Greek Veision of the Seventy.. The antient
Vulgate Greek. X78a V. Knox Lord's Supper x\\\. Wks.
1824 VIL 423 At this hour it stands so translated in the
Vulgate Bible, for ages the only Bible of the people. x8i8
Hallam Mid. Ages ix. 1. (1819) IH. 338 The vulgate Latin
of the Bible was still more venerable. 1863 W. .A. Wright
in Smith Diet. Bible I. 857/2 The Vulgate rendering of
Prov. xxvi. 8. 187a {title). The Vulgate New Testament,
with The Douay Version of 1582, in Parallel Columns.
2. Forming (part of) the common or usual version
of a literary work.
x86i Palev jEschylus (ed. 2) Prometh. 966 note, His
objection to the vulgate reading and interpretation ..appears
quite groundless. 1894 Athenaeum 26 May 681/2
[The papyri,) as is generally the case with Homer papyri of
this period, support the vulgate text.
B. sb. 1. a. The old Italic version of the Bible,
preceding that of St, Jerome.
X7a8 Chambers Cycl. s.v., The antient Vulgate of the Old
Testament, was translated almost Word for WorJ, from the
Greek of the Seventy. 1855 CasseWs Pop. Bibl. Educator
IL 39/1 At that time the old Itala was the Vulgate, or
Common Version.
b. The Latin version of the Bible made by St.
Jerome (completed in 405).
17J8CHAMBERS Cycl. s. V. Sepfiiogint, The Chronology of the
Seventy,is-.very different from what is found in the Hebrew
Te.xt, and the Vulgate, 1776 Adam Smith IV. N. v. i. (1869)
1 1. 352 The Latin translation of the Bible, commonly called
the Latin Vulgate. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVL 465 All the
Romish translations of the Bible into the modern languages
profess to have been made not from the Greek and Hebrew,
but from the Vulgate. 1846 Mrs. A. Marsh father Darcy
IL ii. 65 The answer of the priest.. was to repeat.. the following
passage of Scripture from the Vulgate. x88j WestcoTT
& HoKT Grk. N. T. Introd. §111 The name Vulgate
has long denoted exclusively the Latin Bible as revised by
Jerome.