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VULGAR.
WcsTJiACOTT i?«f . 5/y II. 97 The mobbing a vulgar^ the
hoaxing a ^uix, . . AH these were among Jekyl's early pecuHmrities.
3, TA£ vulgar^ the common people. Also with «.
xSOo Spekser F. Q. III. xiL 4 To the vulgar beckning with
his nand. In signe of silence, as to heare a play. 1591 —
Ttares Mmes 194 AH places they with follie haue possest,
And with vaine toyes the vulgare cntertaine But me haue
banished. 16x4 Gorges Lucan 11. ()6 The vulgar most to
Pompey bends. Ihiii, warg ^ The vulgar do more affect
Pompcy then Ca:sar. 1665 Glasvill Def. Van. Dogvt, 57
Which saying holds not only in Morals, but in all things
else which the Vulgar use to judge in. 169a Bentley Bflyle
L€Ct. iL 46 1 his is directly levell'd against the gross Idolatry
of the Vulgar. 1738 Gentl. Mag. VMl. 77/1 Her enlightened
Horn is turn d towards^ the Horizon, or, as the Vulgar
speak, The Moon lies on her Back. 1783 Hailes Anliq.
Ckr. Ch.vi. z^vtiote. The heathen vulgar might have inferred
the likelihood of an approaching apotheosis. x8a7
Hallv< Canst. Hist, ii, (1876) I. 86 The mysteriousness of
an unknown dialect served to impose on the vulgar. x8a8
Scott F. M. Perth Introd., We talk of a credulous vulgar,
without always recollecting [etc.]. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr.
IX. vii. IV. 126 Nor was this the suspicion of the vulgar
^one; it seems to have been shared by the clergy 1899
AUbutt's Syst. Med, VIII. 824 The growths .. render the
patient a remarkable and hideous object, exhibited for gain
to the gaze of the vulgar.
trans/". 1697 Drvden ^neid i. 266 The Leadeis [of the
herdj first He laid along, and then the Vulgar pierc'd.
+ b. A common sort or class {of persons).
Obs.-^
1645 Milton Tetrach. \Vks. 1S51 IV. 262 There is a vulgar
also of teachers, who are blindly by whom they fancy led, as
they lead the people.
+ 4. //. Sentences or passages in English to be
translated into Latin as a school -exercise. Obs,
i5»o Whitinton Vvlg. (1527) 25 b, Hast thou wrylen all
the vulgares that our mayster hath given vnto vs thismornyng^«
'545"7 'n Arthaeologia{\Z^-z) XXXIV. 41 Thethrid
forme.. bath throwgh the weke ovenpyght a verbe set up to
beexamyned in the mornyng.and makith vulgares upon yt.
1580 T. ftl. in Bard's Ah, 'lo Rdr. xiv, A booke for such,
that can per\ise it right, Of profite great, when they their
Vulgars write. 16x3 Brinsley Lnd. Lit, 148, 1 haue giuen
them vulgars, or Englishes, such as I haue deuised, to be
made in Latine.
f b. A vernacular or common expression. Ohs»
153a Gawer'sCon/. Ep. Ded. aa ij b, For the plenty of eng.
lys^e wordes and vulgars,.. whiche olde englysshe wordes
and vulgars no wyse man, because of theyr antiquite, wyll
throwe asyde.
t5. =Vulgatej*. 1 b. Obs. (Cf. Vulgak9
The fifty-seventh year of the vulgar computation. i88a
Nature XXVI. 345 Owing to constant migrations, .throughout
the fourth and fifth centuries of the vulgar era.
b. Vulgarfraction : see Fraction sb, 5 a.
1674 Jeake Aritk. {1696) 279 Simple Cossical Fractior 3.,
arc expressed like Vulgar Fractions. 1706 Phillips (ed.
Kersey), Vulgar Fractions^ the ordinary Sort of Fractions,
distinguished from Decimal Fractions. 1728 Chambi^irs
Cycl. s.v. P'raciiony Vulgar Fractions, called also Simple
{^Tactions, are always express'd by two Numbers, the one
wrote over the other, with a Line between them. X798
HtrrroM Course Math. (iSo6) I. 51 Of Vulgar Fractions.
i8a6 Encyci. Melrop. (1845) 1. 441/2 Rules are also given
for the reduction of vulgar to decimal fractions by a simple
proportion. 1873 J. Hamblin Smith Arith. (ed. 6) 83 A
Vulgar Fraction may be converted into a Decimal Fraction.
f c. Vulgar arithmetic^ ordinary arithmetic as
opposed to decimal. Obs. rare,
1653 N. Bridges {litle\ Vulgar Aritbmetique, explayning
the Secrets of that Art. 1694 J. StLDEN {.tit/eU The Trades-
326
man's Help. An Introduction to Arithmetick both Vulgar,
Decimal, and Instrumental, c ijaS De Foe Compi. Eng.
Gent. (1890) 280 How many noble artists have we in the
greatest and best branches of the Mathematicks (viz.), in
Astronomy, in Geometry, in Arithmetick as well vulgar as
decimal.
2. In common or general use ; common, customary,
or ordinary, as a matter of use or practice.
c 1430 LvDG. Min, Poems (Percy Soc.) 87 Isys in Egipt
fonde a diversite Of sundry lettres parted in tweyne ; First
to pristes, and to the coniunake Vulgar lettres he dide also
ordeyne. 155a Huloet, Vulgar, or much vsed, uulgatus,
Z594 Blundkvil Exerc. i. xxvii. (1597) 33 b, As minutes,
seconds, thirds, fourthes, . . ma'rked wiih streekes and vulgare
numbers. 1597 Hooker EccL Pot. v. Ixv. § n Wee neither
omit it.. nor altogether make it so vulgar as the custome
heretofore hath bene. 1610 Guillim Heraldry 11. i. 40, 1
could produce many examples euen to this day; were not
the vse heereof so vulgar. 1659 H. Thorndike Wks, {1846)
II. 458 The solemn times.. cannot.. have been settled till
Christianity was grown very vulgar. 1693 Locke Ediic.
§ 175 Another thing very ordinary in the vulgar Method of
Grammar-Schools there is, of which I see no Use at all.
1719 T. Innes Anc. Inhab. N. Brit. I. 18 So the vulgar
version of Ziphilin's abridgment ofDiohathJt. 1795 Burke
Th, Scarcity Wks. 1842 II. 252 Compelling us to diminish
the quantity of labour which in the vulgar course we
actually employ. i8a6 Disraeli Viv. Grey iv. ii. We talk
..as often about our enemies, at least those who have any;
which, in my opinion, is the vulgarest of all possessions.
fb. Used to designate the Vulgate version of
the Bible. Obs. (Cf. Vulgar sb. 5.)
153S JovE Apol. Tindale (Arh.) 46 TlindaleJ..ministretb
a shrewd occasion.. by vntrwly translating this sentence et
z'nicuigue seminum dat deus su?eirt or proprium corpus
(as bathe the vulgare texte). 1538 Coverdale New T. (titlep.),
After the vulgare text communely called S. Jeroms.
1^3 FuLKE De/. Tr. Script. xvW. 447 That S. Hieronyme
was author of the vulgar Latine interpretation, of the olde
Testament. 165a Needham tr. Selden's Mare CI. 31 So
they are expressed in the vulgar Edition, out of the Hebrew
Original, which is lost. j6;[4 Owen Holy Spirit i. iv. § 6.
71 'Ihe Vulgar Latine in this Place renders the Woid by
Ornatus eornm. 1677 — yustif.'w. 185 All which things
prefer the Complutensian, Syriack, and Arabick, before the
vulgar reading of this place. 1691 tr. Emilianne's Frauds
Rom. Monks (ed. 3) 51 Contrary to the express words of the
Vulgar Translation. 1823 A. Small Rom. Antiq. Fi/e y.
102 The vulgar Latin [readsj thus.
3. Of language or speech : Commonly or customarily
used by the people of a country; ordinary,
vernacular.
In common use c 1525-1650; now arck.
a 1513 Fabyan Chron. 1. xvii. 16 Whiche felde or Countre
where y« sayd Morgan faughte..is to this daye called
Glanmorgan, whiche is to meane in our vulgare tunge,
Morgan hys lande. 1530 Palsgr. 17 Suche as writte farcis
6 contrefait the vulgare speche. 1585 T. Washington tr.
Nicholays Voy. iv. xix. 133 b. They celebrate their office.
in the Armenian tongue,, .[and] the standers by. .answere
them in the same vulgare language, c 1610 £. Bolton
Hypercritica iv. §2 Mr. Hooker's Preface to his Books of
Ecclesiastical Policy is a singular and choice Parcel of our
vulgar Language, 1653 W. Ramesey Astroi. Restored Z^
To treat. .of this noble Art.. in a plain munner, and our
vulgar tongue. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 141 Pii To be
instructed in their Duties in the known or vulvar Tongue.
1707 J. Chamberlavne Si. Gt. Brit. 1. ui. vii. (1710) 204
'there were.. more good, and more bad Books printed and
published in the English Tongue, than in all the vulgar
Languages in Europe. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr, ix. viii.
IV. 185 They read the Gospels, they preached, and
they prayed, in the vulgar tongue. 1873 Hale Jn His
Name ii. 8 Bits of Paul or Matthew or Luke which had
been translated into the vulgar language.
b. Used to qualify tlie name of the language.
1483 Caxton Knt, de la Tour Prol., To translate & reduce
this said book out of frenssh into our vulgar Englissh.
X613 PuRCHAS Pilgrimage vi. xii, 530 They are much
addicted to Poetrie, and make long Poems of their warres,
huntings, and loues,..in rithme, like the vulgar Italian
Sonnets. 1687 A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 102
Though several of them understand Italian, yet their usual
Language is the vulgar Greek, which is for the most part
but the literal Greek corrupted. 1699 Bentley Phal. ^04
Which we are sure., continued to be pure and Vulgar Syriac
for 2000 Years. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Pope
I Apr., The vulgar Turk is very different from what is
spoken at court. 1766 Compl. Farmer s.v. Surveying
7 E 2/2 This in vulgar English may be called a corner.
1818 Hallam Mid. Ages IX. (1868) 591 We cannot,. ascertain
in what degree the vulgar Latin differed from that of Cicero
or Seneca. ^1873 Deutsch Lit. Rem. (1874) 358 The
Samaritan Dialect, a mixture of vulgar Hebrew and
Aramean.
fc. In predicative use ; also const, to. Obs.
'565 J_ewel Reply Harding (1611) 383 Hebrew, Greek,
and Latine,. .as they were once natiue, and vulgar to those
three peoples, so now to none be they natiue, and vulgar.
x6ia Brerewdod Lang. ^ Kelig, 2 'I'he Greek tongue.,
although it belonged originally to Hellas alone, yet in time
it became vulgar to these also. x668 Wilkins Real Char.
I. i. § 4* 5 After the Captivity the pure Hebrew ceased to be
Vulgar, remaining onely amongst learned men. 1699 T.
liAKF.R Rejl. Learn, ii. 13 The Greek Tongue had the same
Fortune with the Latine, tho it continud vulgar longer.
X7ia Swift Let. En^. Tongue Wks. 1755 II. 1. 1B3 Neither
was that [jr. theLaiin] language ever so vulgar in Britain, as
it is known to have been in Gaul and Spain.
4. t a* Written or spoken in, translated into, the
usual language of a country, Obs.
1513 DoucLAs_.f^«fiVf I. Prol. 498 Thair may be na compair
Betwixt his versis and my style wlgair. Ibid.^ Ane
Exctamatioun 37 Go, wlgar Virgill, to euery churlich wycht
Say, 1 avow thou art translatit rycht. 1556 Recokde Cast.
Kwnvl. Contents, With sundry.. newe demonstrations not
Written before in any vulgare wooikes. 1599 G. Sandys
VULGAR.
Europm Spec. (1632) 115 They have called all vulgar Bibles
streightly in againe. 1617 Mohyson Hin. 111. 30, I had
some skill in that Language, especially for vulgar speeches.
i66a J. Davies tr. Oleanus Voy. Ambass. 79 Never learn,
ing anything but reading and writing, and certain vulgar
prayers.
D. Of words or names : Employed in ordinary
speech ; common, familiar.
1676 Hobbes ///arfPref. (1686) 1 Forein word^, tillby long
use they become vulgar, are unlinjtelligible lo them. 1776
Sir D. Dalrymple Ann. Scot. I. 3 note, I suspect that
Lulach was rather his vulgar sirname, than his name. 1785
Martyn Lett. Bot. Introd. (1794) 2 These plants had
a different vulgar name in every province. x8oo Bewick
{title). Figures of British Land Birds, to which are added,
a few Foreign Birds, with their Vulgar and Scientific
Names.
6. Common or customary in respect of the use or
understanding of language, words, or ideas.
"553 Wilson Rhct. 94, I might tary a longe tyme in
deciaryng the nature of diuerse Schemes, whiche are woordes
or sentencies altered, .contrarie to the vulgare custome of
our speache without chaungyng their nature at all. i6ia
T. IjOi:)ley in Macray Ann. Bodleian I1880) 410, I make
lequest y' all my words be construed directly and in vulgar
sense. 1634 Documents agst. Prynne (Camden) 48 My
expressions too (at least in my intention, opinion, and vulgar
acceptacion), are innocent and" sincere. 1696 Whision
The. Earth 11. (1722) 161 By a Month, in the vulgar way of
speaking, is meant 30 Days. 1727 Df. Foe Syst. Magic i.
i. (1840J 25 The people called magicians, in the present
vulgar acceptation of the word. 1754 Edwards treed. Will
I. ill. (1762) 14 The word Necessity, in iis vulgar and common
Use, is relative. 1798 V>Ky Amer. Law Rtp. {1809) I. 85 The
vulgar meaning of the words dying without issue. z86a
Burton Bk. Hunter (1863) 5 1 he vulgar everyday-world
way of putting the idea. 1878 Stewart & Tait Unseen
Univ. i. § 39. 57 The doctrine of the resurrection in its
vulgar acceptation could not possibly be tiue.
6. Commonly current or prevalent, generally or
widely disseminated, as a matter of knowledge,
assertion, or opinion: a. Of sayings, statements,
facts, etc.
1549 Compl. Scot. Epist. 7 Fra this exempil cummis ane
vlgare adagia. 1591 Savile Tacitus, Hist. 11. Ixxviii. 99
Neither was there any thing more vulgare in euery mans
mouth. 1607 T. Rogers^9 A rt. Pref. § 26 Bookes, and open
speeches, .made vulgar within a yeare, and little more after
his happy ingresse into this kingdome. 1653 W. Ramesey
Astroi. Restored To Rdr. 6 But 1 shall answer in that
vulgar and rustical Proverb, it is a good Horse that never
stumbles. 1693 Dkyden Persius* Sat. i. 244 note, 'Ihe
Story is vulgar, that Midas King of Phr>gia, was made
judge betwixt Apollo and Pan, who was the best Musician.
1830 Sir W. Hamilton Discuss. (1852} 72 One vulgar passage
from the writings of that philosopher. 1892 Daily Npvs
19 Dec. 5/4 It set the seal, however, on his vulg.-ir.as distinct
from his professional, fame.
b. Of discourse, rumour, etc.
1590 Shaks. Com. Err. iii. i. 100 If by strong hand you
offer to breake in,. .A vulgar comment will be made of it.
1595 Locrine iv. i. 138 What would the common sort report
of me, I f I forget my loue, and cleaue to ihee ? Loc. Kings
need not feare the vulgar sentences. C1600 Shaks. 6"(5««.
cxii. Your loue and piftie doth th' impression fill. Which
vulgar scandall stampt vpon my brow. 1617 Morvson
Itin. 11. 20 Of late {according to vulgar speech) he had dis.
pleased the Earle of Essex. 1691 Wood Ath, Oxon. I. 323
Ihe then vulgar talk was, the Devil came to take away
Oiiv. Cromwell, who then lay on his death-bed. 1818
Shelley Julian 362 Believe that I am ever still the same,
..Nordream that I will join the vulgar cry. iSssMacaulay
Hist. Eng. xix. IV. 302 They did not join in the vulgar cry
against the Dutch.
c. Of knowledge, opinions, notions, etc.
01548 Hall Chron., Edw. /K, 210 b, Notwithstandyng
the vulgare opinion., the wisedome of this world is folishenes
before God. 1605 Verstegan Dec. intell. vii. (1628)
199 '1 o giue the reader some knowledge more then is vulger.
c 1610 Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1683) 125 He was become careless,
following in many things the vulgar opinion. 1655
Culpepper, etc. Riverius xi. iv. 33 That vulgar difficulty
which is controverted by almosi all Writers. 1701 Swift
Contests Nobles ^ Comm. v, This is a truth of vulgar knowledge
and observation. 1794 Hutton Philos. Light, etc.
127 According to the vulgar notions of things, cold is considered
as absolutely subsisting in bodies, in the same
manner as heau 183a Palmerston Opin. ^ Pol. (1852)
219 Taking the meiesi and vulgarest view of the matter.
1854 Milman Lat. Chr. iv. i. II. 10 Mohammedanism. .a
stern negation., of the vulgar polytheism which prevailed
among the ruder Arab tribes. 1865 M. Arnold Eas. Crit,,
Spinoza (1875) 375 This mode of interpieiing Scripture is
fatal to the vulgar notion of its verbal inspiration.
d. Of errors, prejudices, etc.
1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. .5- Comtnw. 546 This is but a
vulgar errour. 1670 W. Perwich ZJ^jt/.tCamdenjgi A vulgar
mistake of the death of the Duke of Lorraine instead of
that of the Great Duke of Florence. 1691 T. H[ale]
Ace. New Invent, p. xxiii, Ihe iole conceit of the Fish
Remora, which mens sottishness hath made a vulgar one.
1785 Reid Intell, Powers i. i. 221 May natuial judgement
not be a vulgar error? 1798 Fekriar IlluUr. Sterne vi. 165
Mr. Shandy has passed a similar condemnation on some
English names, to which vulgar prejudices aie attached.
1845 Ford Handbk. Spain i. 5 One of the old vulgar superstitions
in Spain. 1856 Kanr Arci. Expl. I. xxix. 392, I
satisfied myself that it was a vulgar prejudice to regard the
liver of the bear as poisonous. 1879 McCarthy Own Times
1. V. 104 One of the vulgarest fallacies of statecraft.
i"?. Of common occurrence ; not rare. Obs.
1607T0PSELL Four-/. Beasts in Other things I omit concerning
this beast (the conyj, because as it is vulgar, the
benefits thereof are commonly known. 1657 S. Purchas
Pol. Flying'Ins. 7 The Chameleon, a vile (and in many
Countries a Vulg-ir) Creature.
8. Of or pertaining to the common people.