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VANQUISHED.
Vanquished (vae-gkwijt), ///. a. Also 5-6
Sc. vencust, 6 Sc. vincust, vanquest, -queist
6 vanquisshed, 7 vanquisht. [f. as prec] Defeated,
overcome, subdued.
1456 Sir G. Have Z,flw^r?wfCS.T.S.)272 The vencust man
. . suld pay to the vencusour his costis. 1513 Douglas /Eueid
I. ii. 27 Cariand to ItalyThair vincust hammald goddis and
lUon. 1589 Alex. Hume Poetns (S.T.S.) 54 The portrators
c^ euerie vanquest lowne, Of Cittadells tetcj. 1671 Milton
Samson 281 The matchless Gideon in pursuit Of Madian
and her vanquisht Kings. 17x0 W. King Heathen Gods *
Heroes x. {X727) 41 Those [arms] which Marcus Marcellus
took from the vanquish'd Viridomarus. 1781 Gibbon Deci.
* F. xxviii. (1787) III. 103 But the victors themselves were
insensibly subdued by the arts of their vanquished rivals.
1849 Macaulay //ist. Eng. Ii. 44 This plea the King considered
as the subterfuge oi a vanquished disputant. 1884
MarskaWs Tennis Cuts 266 Much more they steep The
vanquished soul in sweet forgetfulness.
b. odsol. The person or persons defeated, etc.
155s Eden Decades (Arb.) 50 Greater commoditie hath
therof ensewed to the vanquisshed then the victourers.
1583 Stockeb Civ. Warres Lowe C. i. 38 That the victors
would sacke the vanquisheds houses. 1651 Hobbes Leviath.
II. XX. 104 It is not, .the Victory, that giveth the right of
Dominion over the Vanquished [etc.]. 1728 Eliza Hevwood
tr. Mme. de Gomez's Belle A. (1732) II. 67 Perhaps, if Tre.
mouiUe had been the vanquish'd, he could not have_ behaved
with the same Temper, as, being Conqueror, he did. x8io
Jane Vq^-^ka Scottish Chiefs Ixxxv, He bade that generous
prince adieu, with the full belief of soon returning to find
him the vanquished of Edward. 1887 Bowen Mneid 11. 353
One hope only remains for the vanquished—hope to resign.
Vanquislier (voe*gkwiJaj). Forms : a. 5 Sc.
vencusour, 6 vanquysser, Sc, -quisser, venquesair,
vinquiesser. /3. 5 vaynquyssheur,
-our, 6 venquosshor, vanquysher, 6- vanquisher,
[f. as prec] A conqueror, subduer.
a. X456 [see prec.^ 'XSSS ^^' Berners Huon xv. 4p Vf
it fortimyd that the vanquysser sle his enymye. 1549 Comph
Scot. xvii. 149 The victorec is ioyful quhen the enemeis are
venqueist vitht out domage to the venquesair. x^88 A. King
tr. Canisius' Catech. 8 That he mycht declair him self
vinquiesser ouir death and sathan. 1596 Dalrymplb tr.
Leslie^ Hist. Scot. I. 302 A certane joung man,., the principal
vanquisser of Cam.
0. X474 Caxton Chesse iii. vH, In suffryng hym thou
shalt be his vaynquysshour. 1490 — Eneydos xi, 4a God
forbede that it may be sayd of Eneas, . . vaynquyssheur
of grete bataylles [etc.]. « 1513 Fabvan Chron. 11. (1811)
20 Dunwallo. .was venquesshor of y» other Dukes or rulers.
1577 tr. Bullingers Decades (1592) 441 The Saints. .are
victorcrs and vanquishers, howsoeuer they are oppressed.
X630 J. Taylor (Water P.) (^/. £a/tfrA>«/ n This inuincible
ale victoriously vanquished the vanquisher. 165a Kirkman
Clerio 4- Lozia 83 This superbe Vanquisher receiving the
Trophies and the Laurels. 1734 Richers Hist. Roy. Geneal.
Speiin 266 The Castle of Zamora soon after surrender'd to
the vanquisher. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. iii. vii.
400 note^ Combats, wherein they were sometimes the vanquishers,
and sometimes the vanquished. 1863 J. G. Mubphy
Comm,^ Gen. xxxil 27 The secret of his power with his
friendly vantjuisher.
VanquisMng, "vbL sb. [f. as prec] The
action of overcoming or subduing.
a 1315 MS. Rawl. B.J20 fol. 56 pe coniunccion ne uaillejj
no^t, so ase )>e seisede mai repelen, ne J»e venquissinge ne
uaiie^ no^t bote jif hit were aioined t>oru rigt. c 1475 Rauf
Coiiyar 825 For dout of vincussing they went nocht away.
1480 Barbour's Bruce xviii. 206 (E.), Quhen thai of Scotland
had wittering Off Schir Eduuardis wencussing. 1611 Cotcb.,
Victoire, victorie, conquest, a subduing, or vanquishing.
1736 AiNSWORTH I, Debellation a vanquishing, or overthrow.
Vanctuishing, ///. a. [f. as prec] That
overcomes or conquers.
z6ix CoTCR., Vainqueresse, a vanquishing or victorious
woman. 1886 W. J. Tucker E. Europe 258 Such was the
dread of his vanquishing army amongst the nations of the
West.
VanquislimeiLt (vx'rjkwijmfint). [f. as prec]
The act of vanquishing or overcoming.
ip93 Nashe Christ's T. Wks, (Grosart) IV. 42 The vanquishment
of that vglie nest of Harpies, hath beene reserued
as a worke for mee, before all beginnings. 1613-8 Daniel
Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 5 He draue Valentinian lo seeke ayde
of Theodosius.. after the vanquishment and death of his
brother. 165a Gaule Mazastrom. 336 This he took to be
an omen or presage of the vanquishment and death of.
Perses. 1697 Potter Antiq. Greece 11. xv. (1715) 328
Appearing in time of War, it signified vanquishment, and
running away. i8$x I. Tavlor Wesley^ ^ Methodism 26
His conversion, taking place, .by successive vanquishments.
x888 B. W. Richardson Son 0/ Star 1. 226 The princess..
had gained a reputation . . for her prowess and skill in
vanquishment.
t Vanqiiissant, a. Obs.—^ [ad. obs. F. vainquissant,
pres, pple. ofvainquir'. see Vanquish vJ]
Victorious.
163a J. Havwasd tr. Biondrs Eromena 105 Congratulations
she received not as a woman in chila-bed, but as a
Captaine vanquissant of a battel.
Vansire. Zool. [a. F. vansire^ formed by
BufTon (1765) from the Malagasy name, given by
him as vohang- or voangskira (otherwise recorded
as vontsira)^ The marsh-ichneumon {Herpestes
^lera) of South Africa.
X774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. III. ix, 362 To the ferret kind
we may add an animal which Mr. BufFon calls the Vansire,
the skin of which was sent him stuffed, from Madagascar.
X785 Smellie tr. Buffon"! Nat. Hist. (1791) VII. 222 The
vansire. . is a native of Madagascar and tlie interior parts of
Africa. X831 Proc. Zool. Soc. Apr. 57^ M. Goudot has
brought a small carnivorous animal, which he states to be
the true vansire.
40
Vanston(e, southern ME. varr. Fontstone.
Vant, southern var. Font shy ; obs. f. VaUNT
sb. and v. \ obs, Sc f. Want v.
Vant-f pr^fi-Xj representing AF. vant', aphetic
{.avanl-AYAtiT- : see Vant-brace, -guard, -ward.
In a number of compounds the I was elided, as
Vanbrace, -chase, -courier, -guard, etc. Before
labials the « by assimilation became tn, as in
and
Vambraoe, Vampey, Vamplate, Vamward ;
a further reduction appears in vamure Vaumure
and Vaward. The AF. variant vaunt- is also
very fully represented in English forms : see
Vaunt-chase, -courier, etc.
Vantage (va'nted^), sb. Also 4-7 vauntage,
6 vauntadge 5-6 Sc. wantage, 7-8 Vantage,
;
[a, AF. vantage (1302), var, of OF. avaniage Advantage
sb, Cf. It. vantaggio, Sp. ventaja^ Pg.
vantagem^
1. Advantage, benefit, profit, gain. Now arch,
a 1300 Cursor M. 8015 O ^am Jwu sal haue gret vantage,
Bath to |>e and to t>i barnage. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880)
302 Not of leesyng of worldliche worship ne worldliche
vauntage, . . but of lesyng of vertues. c X440 Promp. Parv.
508/1 Vauntage, (A'., or avauntage), pro/ectus^ proventus.
c X470 Henry IVallace ix. 915 This wantage was, the Scottis
ihaim dantyt swa, Nayn Inglisman durst fra his feris ga.
1536 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W, 1531) 172 b, Repute it for your
singlar vauntage & wynnynge to be exercised & tossed in
dyuerse temptacyons. 1555 Hooper in Coverdale's Lett.
Mart. (1564) 141 Such fleshe as. .had great vauntage by hys
word, are become his very enemies. 1576 Fleming Panopl.
Epist.-jz, I receyued two seuerall letters from you,.. Out of
which.. I reaped double commoditie and vauntage. 1617
Collins Def. Bp. ofEly i. i. 72 What vantage haue you now
of all that is said of Peters ship to countenance Rome ? 1645
Arraignm. Persecution 23 Shalt we that have received
vantage by their rejection, thus recompence them- with
tyranny? [1846 Landor Exam. Shaks. Wks. II. 266 It
would give.. the neighbourhood much vantage, to see these
two fellows good men.]
t b. Pecuniary profit or gain. Obs.
c X430 Freemasonry (Halliw. 1840) 149 The mayster schal
not, for no vantage, Make no prentes that ys outrage, c 1440
Jacob''s Well 43 ludas was wo, bat he had nogt J>at vauntage
of |>o XXX. pens J>at was ^e tythe of Jw iij. hundreth pens.
1526 TiNDALE Matt. XXV. 27 Then at my commynge shulde I
have receaved my money with vauntage. 1555 Eden Decades
(Arb.) 340 He became a master in makynge cardes for the
sea, whereby he had great vantage. 1373 Tusser Husb.
(1878) 90 If one penie vantage be therein to saue, of coast
man or fleming be sure to haue.
t c. A perquisite. Obs. (Cf. Vail sb?- 4.)
ax470 H. Parker Dives 9f Pauper {W. de W. 1496) vii.
XXL 308/2 That he sholde besydes his salarye take annuell
or trentalle, or ony suche other, that they calle vantages.
1481 MS. at St. Nick. Bristol in Clerk's Book of jS4Q
(Bradshaw Soc.) 70 Hit was of old vsage that the vantage
of weddyngges was longgynge to the Gierke. xss8 G.
Cavendish Poems (1825) II. 52 First in theprivye councell
was my foundacion, And cheife secretary with all vantages
and fees.
+ d. Printing, (See quots.) Obs.
1683 MoxoN Meek. Exerc.y Printing 393 When a Whitepage
or more happens in a Sheet, the Compositer calls that
Vantage: So does the Press-man, when a Form of one Pull
comes to the Press. [1888 Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 151
Vantage^ an old synonym for the modern one of * fat '.]
+ 2. a. A greater amount ^something. Obs.
X398 Trevisa Bartk, De P. R. xiv. Hi. (ToUem. MS.),
Therfore t?ese places of heremites hauen moche noye and
trauayll ; ne}?eles it hab a vauntage [L. plurimum\ of commodite
and reste.
f b. An additional amount or sum. For or to
the vantage^ in addition. Vantage of bread (see
quot. 161 1). Obs.
X52g More Suppl. Souls Wks. 331 And yet haue we for
the vauntage .. the boke of y" kinges, the woordes of the
Prophete zacharie [etc.]. \^^ Croscombe Ch. Ward. Ace.
(Som. Rec. Soc.) 43 R. Phelyppes for the vantage of bredde,
xxWd. x6o4 Shaks. 0th, iv. in. 86 Yes, [there are] a dozen
[such women] ; and as many to th' vantage, as would store
the world they plaid for. x6xx Cotgr., Le trezain dupain^
vantage of bread ; the thirteenth loafe giuen by Bakers
vnto the dozen. X6X7 Collins Def. Bp. of^ Ely 11. ix. 346
Supererogation there is none, where first all is not done that
ought to be done, and then a vantage too, or surplus oner.
X639 Fuller Holy Wariv. xiii. {1647) 191 The Popes Legate
and Robert Earl of Artois. .would make no bargain except
Alexandria.. were also cast in for vantage to make the conditions
down-weight. X706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Vantage,
that which is given over and above just Weight and
Measure ; Overplus.
t o. And (a or the) vantage ^ with the vantage
and above, and (a little) more. Obs.
"594 Wills ^ 2nv. N. C. (Surtees, i860) 244, xxj stirkes of
yeare old and vantage, 18*., x stirkes, of two yearesould and
vantage, 16'. x6oi Holland Pliny 1. 12 But Venus ascendeth
up to her station in fifteene dales and the vantage. x6ax
Fletcher Pilgrim i. i, She is fifteen, with the vantage, And
if she be not ready now for mannage— . a 1656 Ussher
Ann, (1658) 251 Of a huge stature, and a mind answerable
thereunto, for it is said, that he was five cubids high, and
vantage. 1708 Lond. Gaz. No. 4472/4 Stoln or Stray'd . , a
.
brown bay Gelding,. .14 hands and the vantage high. 1711
— No. 4875/4 A large kindly black Mare,.. two Years old,
with the Vantage. 1754 J. Shebbeare Matrimony (1766) I.
4 In plain English, she had seen One and Thirty Birth-days,
and a 'Vantage, as they say in the West of England,
fd. eiiipt. = prec. Obs.~'^
x6oi Shuttlezvortks' Ace. (Chetham Soc.) 124 A litle
younge styre of towe yeres old vantage.
3. Advantage or superiority in a contest; position
VANTAGE.
or opportunity likely to give superiority ; vantageground.
+ Upon the vantage, at an advantage.
15*3 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xviL 18 The archers.. haue
noo vauntage of hym nor of his company. 1579-80 North
Plutarch, Tlteseus (1595) 3 The cause why they were thus
shauen before, was, for that their enemies should not haue
the vauntage to take them by the hayres of the head while
they were fighting. Ibid. 4 They which by might could
haue vantage ouer others, had nothing to rfoe with.. quiet
qualities. 1596 Dalrvmple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 215 Oft
may meit [in battle] : oft thay parte with lytle vantage.
1600 Holland Livy 1. xxvii. 20 When bee thought bee had
gained vantage ynough, bee mounted up the hill with all
his companies. X627 E. F. Hist. Edw. 11 (1680) 117 Knowing
the weakness, he esteem'd his vantage in suffering them
to land. 1634 Sib T. Herbert Trav. 27 A Castle, strong, and
of white chalky stone, its Ordnance planted high to play in
Mounts upon the vantage. X795 Southev Joan of Arc yii.
345 The exasperate knight.. up the steps advanced, Like
one who disregarded in his strength The enemy's vantage.
1850 Blackie ^schylus II. 160 Though close hedged in by
the foe, The vantage hath been ours. 1867 Trollope Chron.
Barset I. xviii. 156 The bishop found that he would thus
lose his expected vantage.
b. With defining term introduced by of.
X523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I.cxcix. 97/1 The englisshemen
had the vauntage of the hyll, and helde themselfe so cloosc
together that none coude entre into them. 1568 Grafton
Chron. II. 242 Assoone as the king and his Marshalles had
ordered hys battayle, he drewe vp the sayles and came with
a quarter winde to haue the vauntage of the sonne. 1626
Bacon Sylva § 599 It hath been anciently practised to burne
Heath, and Ling, and Sedge, with the vantage of the Wind,
upon the Ground. X805 Scott Last Minstrel v. xviii. To
each knight their care assigned Like vantage of the sun and
wind. i8j8 — F. M. Perth v, Thou wilt have better access
to drive them back, having the vantage of the house. 1855
Macaulay Hist. Eng. xvl HI. 621 James. .consented to
retreat till he should reach some spot where he might have
the vantage of ground.
O. In the phrases coign (see CoiGN sb. \)^place^
point (etc.) of vantage. So also \ dice of vantage.
c 1570 Misogonus 11. iv. 168 (Brandl), The preistes handes
ith mustardpolt; the knave, throwe at an inch. Has some
disc of vauntadge, myne oth I durst take. 1805-6 Gary
Dante, Inf. xvi. 24 Naked champions. .Are wont, intent, to
watch their place of hold And vantage, ere in closer strife
they meet. 1832-4 De Quincey Caesars Wks. i860 X. 55
This adoption would have been applied . . as a station of
vantage for introducing him to the public favour. x86o
Motley Netkerl.x\\i.H^6Z) II. 347 It was unfortunate that
the possession of Sluys had given Alexander such a point of
vantage.
1 4. With a and pi. : An advantage ; a position or
state of superiority. Freq. with at or for, Obs,
Perh. originally a wrong division of avantage.
CX450 Merlin xxxii. 654 Petrius..cowde well fle and
relurne at a vauntage, and well fight with his enmyes.
c 1489 Caxton Blatichardyn liii. 204 They chased Subyon
that was horsed at a vauntage better than they were, a X548
Hall Ckron., Hen. VIJI, 117 Then they issued out boldly
and shot coragiously as men that shot for a vauntage. a 1568
in A. Scott's Poems (E.E.T.S.) 44 Thair is nocht ane winche
^)at I se Sail win ane wantage of me. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's
AnsTv. Osor. 268b, Hereupon he doth conclude as it were
at a vauntage that the doctrine of these men is not onely
unprofitable, but also pestiferous. x6is W. Lawson Country
Housew. Gard, (1626) 32 Wee may well assure our selues,
(as in all other Ajrts, so in this) there is a vantage and
dexterity, by skill. x6