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VTJLCANIAN.
in Vulcanalian play's. 1654 Ogilby / 'ir^l^ BucoUcks lii. 17
note, The day before and after the Vuicanalial (1684 Vulcanalian]
Festivals.
Vnlcaniau (vrlke that are in and
about the Mc-ditetranean Seaj there is a knot of them
called the Vulcanian Islands, from their fiery eruption^.
1705 C. Purshall Mech, Macrocosm 83 The Vulcanian
Islands in the Meditet ranean Sea, are said to be of this sort.
4. Of, belonging to, or abounding with, volcanoes;
volcanic. (Of. Volcanian a.)
1656 (?J. SerceaktJ tr. r. Whitens Pertpat. Inst. 176
Aetna, Lipara and Hecla . . and especially the Vulcanian
Mountains of the new world. 1880 Proctor Poetry
Aitron. i. (1881) 18 If no vulcanian forces were at woik to
prevent submergence. 1883 Contemp Rev. Oct 575 Only
by the action of her vulcanian energies can the earth main*
tain her po&ittoa as an abode of life.
6. « Plutonian «. 2. (Cf. VrLCANisT3.>
X840 Smart. 1950 Ocilvie s.v, Vulcaniit, The Vulcani.-.n
theory has been expanded and illustrated by LycU. 1870
Brewer Did. Pkr. ff Fai-U 939/a The Vulcanian or Plutonian
theory, which ascribes the changes on the earth's
surface to the agency of fire.
Vulcanic (vplkaenik), a. [In sense 1 ad. F.
vukanique, IL (also Pg.) vulcam'co^ f. It, vukano
Volcano. In sense a f, L. VuUdn-m Vulcan j3.]
1. B Volcanic a, % b.
1774 Phil, Trans. LXV. 94 The vulcanic districts of
Auver^ne and Velay ..afford proofs enough of the truth of
this cpinioo. Ibtd. 37, 1 have already observed, that there
are many vtilcanic mountains of a totally ditTerent form
from the common volcanos. 1888 Doighty Arabia />/serta
I. 20 Of such vulcanic breaches there are m.iny in
these limestone d owns. Ibid.-zt The Bclkachalk is changed
by the vulcanic heat.
2. Of or belonging to, having the character of,
Vulcan. (With iniiial capital.)
\9m Eufop. Afaf. LII. 469 2 What Iho' with Vulcanic
knocking Thou still may bring forth many a thought, 1866
R. S. HAWkHRin C. E. Kyles /,//sE tr. t'irg/l'M
yEneid 274 Vulcan begot him— in vulcaniclair He breathed
forth flame.
Vnlcanicity (vrlkani-siti). [f. . prec.
or atl. F. rtt/(anuHf.'\
1. =V0I,CAMC1TT.
+ -ITV,
1873 R. Mallet lahitierl's Eruption K«wr»«* Titlc-p.,
An Introductory Sketch of the I^resent Slate of Knowledijc
of Terrestrial Vulcanicity. i88« E. Hull Contrib, Phys,
doe. Brit. Islrs 21 Vulcanicity has also pla)xd its part in
Che formation of lock-structures. 1883 Academy 3 C5ct. 225
He rega-ds the thermal waters as representing a legacy of
former vulcanicity.
325
2. The study of volcanic action.
1879 RuTLEY Stud. Rocks iii. 9 The branches of physical
geology known as vulcanicity and seismology.
t V ulcanio, irreg. var. viikano Volcano sb.
1676 Phil. Trans. XI. 762 Thiis Fire keeping no analogy
with other Vulcanio's in any of the particulars mentioned in
these three qti.xries, I thought fit to answer them altogether.
Vulcanism (wlkaniz'm). [ad. F. vukanismej
var. oi voUanisme Volcanism.] Volcanic action
or condition.
1877 Le Conte Elem. CeoL ni. (1S79) 93 The sun may be
regarded as a globe in an earlier and more active stage of
vulcanism. 1883 Nature XXVU. 2S0 The.. strata which
have been deposited.. under the combined influences of
intt^riial vuIcani^m and external atmospherical influences.
Vulcanist (vp-*lkanist). [In early use f. Vulcan
j^. + -I.ST. In sense 3 ad. F. vukaniste^ var.
of vokanisU Volcanist.]
1 1. One who works by fire; spec, an alchemist,
a blacksmith, Obs.
1593 Harvey Pierce's Super. Wks. (Grosart) IL 177 The
Country affordeth sufficient prouision of water, to encounter
tbeteniblest Vulcanist, that brandisheth a burning sword,
or a fierie tongue. 1594 Plat yeivell-ho. \i. 23, I persw.ide
my selfe, that no philosophical t vulcanist, or perfect para<
celsian, will ever finde any true magisterie, tincture, quinteetroIeum is so volatile
that.. it would be dissipated.
Vlilcanite (vo-lkanait). [f. Vulcan sb. +
-ITE ^. Hence F. vukanite (in sense 2).]
tl. Pyroxene. Obs. (Cf. Volcanite'.)
1836 T. Thomson Min.^ Ceol^ etc I. 190 Pyroxene.
Augite, baikalite, . . vulcanite, asbestus in part, e 1840
Eticycl. Metrop. (1&45) VI. 527/2 Vulcanite. Augite.
2. A preparation of india rubber and sulphur
hardened by exposure to intense heat ; ebonite.
i860 Urt^s Diet. Arts (ed. 5) I. 60a Indian-rubber and
vulcanite, or hard rubber i*^ Hix>xam Chem.4,^2 When a
sheet of caoutchouc is., still further heated, [it] is conve/ted
into the black horny substance called vulcanite or ebonite,
and used for the manufacture of combs, &c. 1889 Welch
Text Bk. Naval A*c/tit. xii, 135 They.. have about four
feet of their length made of teak or ^-ulcanite in order to
break the continuity of the metal pipe.
b. attrib. Made of vulcanite.
1866 Microscop. frnl. VI. 168 Vou will oblige me by corlecting
an error in your report of my remarks on vulcanite
cells, 1869 Eng. Mech. 3 iXc 373/1 The same effect may
be produced by rubbing a vulcanite comb on the sleeve of
a coat. 1879 T. Brvant Ptact. Surg, 1 1. 34 The vulcanite
canula is good for constant use.
Vnlcaai-sable. a. [f. Vulcanize v.] That
can be vulcanized.
1887 ^V/. i4wrr.(N, V.)a6Mar. 193/3 Asbestos and India
rubber., also other vulcanizable materials enter into its
composition.
VnlcanizatioiL (vplkandiz^-Jdn). [f. next.
Hence F. vtikanisation (also zw/r-).] The method
or process of treating crude india-rubber with sulphur
and subjecting it to intense heat, by means of
which it is rendered more durable and made adaptable
for various purposes.
The history of the process is related in detail in Vrcs
Diet. Arts, etc. (ed. 51 1S60) I. 589-92.
Z846 Hancock Patent Sptxi/. No. 11135. a Without the
process of vulcanization. 1857 — Pers, A'irr. India Rubber
AfoHu/. 107 It ap(>eared desirable to give the material a
more definite name .. ; and whilst discussing the subject
amongst my friends Mr. llrockedon proposed the term
*Vulcanuaiion'. 1869 Em;. Mech. 24 Dec 370/a The
ntlneral ingredients, .are ncLcssarily sul^cct to the action cf
the sulphur employed to effect the vulcanisation. 1897
AUbHit's Syst, hied. IL949 Carbon bisulphide is used to
soften india-rubber so as to allow of its penetration by sulphur
in the carrying out of what is known as vulcanisation.
Vnlcanixe (v27lkan3iz), v, [f. Vulcan sb.
Hence F. vukaniser (in sense 2).]
L trans. To commit to the flames.
x8»7 SouTHBY Lett. (i8^6) IV. 4X That preat exploit, which
. .drew upon him so libellous an imputation in certain verses
which have long since been vulcanised.
2. To subject (india-rubber, etc) to the process
of vulcanization.
1846 Hancock Patent Specif, No. 11135. » When cold I
remove them from the moulds and afterwards vulcanize
them to make their form permanent, i860 Ore's Di*t. Arts
(ed. 5) 1. 5^1 It appears not to be an easy matter to vulcanise
large masses of caoutchouc. 1873 E. Spom IVorhihop Re*
ceipts Ser. i. 360/1 'Ihe time and heat required to vulcanize
or narden the compound.
3. itttr. To undergo vulcanization,
1890 -SV/. Amer, 1 March LXIL 140/1 Rubber vulcanizes
at 276° Kah,
Vulcanized, //i'. a. [f. prec.+-Ei>l.] Affected
or aliereears to me worthy of more examination at the hands of
^'ulcanologisls and Seismologists. i88x Judd I'oleanoes n.
37 Vulcanologists have only just commenced those series of
exact and continuous obseivations.
Vulcanology, (Also Volc-). [f. vuhan-
(cf. Vulcanic, etc.) + -ology.] The science or
scientific stutiy of volcanoes.
1858 Mallst in ftep. Brtt. Assoc. 1. 117 Books on Earthqtiakes
and Vulcanology in the Gottingen Univeisity
Library. 1880 Academy 17 Jan. 4^ The part relating to
vulcanology would be considerably miproved by a detailed
account 01 some one seismotogical ob&ervatoiy.
Vulgar (v»'Igaj),j(5. Also 5-6 vulgare. [Absolute
use of Vulgar a., after similar usesoi nied.L.
viiigarisy OF. vulgaire (also vulgar)^ It. voigare."]
t L The common or usual language of a country
the vernacular. Obs,
1430-40 Lvtx;. Bochas ix. xxxvL (MS. Bodl. 263) 4^1/1
Whos kj-n^dom hool, as maad is mencioun. In that vulgar
..Of Malliogies pleynli bar Je name. C14SO Chaucer's
Compl. Pitt (HjtI. MS.) heading, Geffrey Chaucier Jk:
aureat Poete l«.tcuer was fonde in oure vulgate to fore (i]hees
dayes. lui Douci-As Pal, Hon. 11. xvii, >it saw I thair..
Gcffray Chaucier, as a per se sans peir In his vulgare. 1586
Dav Kng.Secretarpr i. (1625) i An Epistle therefoie is that
which vsu,ally we in our vulgar doc tearme a Letter. 1589
Pi:-nENHAM Eng, Poesie 11. iv. (.\rb.) 86 Before Sir Thomas
Wiats time they were not vscd in our vulgar. 1611 Bible
Transl. Pre/, f 8 For the behoofe and edifying of the
vnlearned . they prouided Translations into the vulgar.
1665 G. Havkrs p. della ValU's Trav. E. India 144 The
Canara- Language, which is the vulgar in Ikkeii and all that
State.
2. fa. //. Persons belonging to the ordinary or
commoa class in the community, esp, the uneducated
or ignorant Obs.
15x3 Bradshaw St. Werburge Prol . 84 Some small treatyse
to wryte breuely To the comyn vulgares iheyr mynde to
satisfy. 1549 Cmalonkr Erasm, oh Polly G), He preferred
aKo the Ideote and simple vulgars, before other learned and
leputed persons. 1598 K. Bernard tr. Tereme, Eunuchw.
ii, I ain nothing at all away with these vulgars, wherein
there is no excelTencic of beauiie. 1615 Chaiman Odyss. vi.
425 For these vile vulgars are extreamly proud, And fouly
languag'd. 1678 Blti^r Huit. iii, 1. 1129 He therefore sent
out all his Senses, 'I'o bring him in Intelligences. Which
Vulgars out of ignorance Mistake, for falling in a Trance.
b. A persQn not reckoned as belonging to good
society,
//. 1763 G. Williams in lesse Sehtyn 4- Contemp. (1843)
I. 264, I nave named yoxi those whom you know} the test
are numerous, but vulgars. 1766 — Ibid. 1 1. 52 Lord Lincoln
exhibited his person yesterday on the Stein, to the surprise
of all the vulgars. 1796 Wolcot (P. Pindar) Pindariana,
Ode to Sun viii, The great retire from routs. .And cty,..
'Vulgars ! that never wax-lights handle 1' 1815 Zeluca I.
339, Ithink I told you thete was quite nothing but vulgais
at the two last balls. i8a8 LAN[x>R////a^. Com: III, 147 She
associated and assimilated with the very wotst in the polar
circle of both vulgars.
sing. 1767 Lady S. Bunbury in Jesse Selnyn ^ Contemp,
(1843) II. 191 A Mr. Brereton (a sad vulgar). 1781 BurcovNS
Ld. of Manot 11. 1, It would be as low to accept the
challenge of a vulgar as to refuse it to an equal. i8as C.