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VEBT.
Versycle, obs. form of Vzbsiclk sb,
Versyowre : see Verseb i.
Vert (vaJt), sb.^ (and a.). Also 5 veert, 5-7
verte. [a. AF. and OF. vert (so mod.F. ; formerly
also verd Vekd sb."), » Prov, vtrt, Cat.
verd, Sp., Pg., and It. verdt :—L. tnrid-em, viridis
green, VlWD o.]
1. Green vegetation growing in a wood or forest
and capable of serving as cover for deer.
14. . Forts! Lotus (MI. Douce ^35) fol. 73 As touching
the kinges veert, that is to say, the kinges wodes ; if ther be
ony maun, that haih felled ony gret okes [etc.]. 1577
Haxriso.-i EDgloHit iL XV. in Ho/ins/ud I. 89 b/i The
better preseruation of such venery and vert of all sortes as
were nourished in the same. 1598 Manwood Latues Forest
vLSi.33b. [HenceinlaterDicts.,etc.] ijot Phil. Trans.
XXIIL 1073 While this Country was a Chace, and while
the Vert was preserv'd. 1768 BlackstoAe Coin/n. III. 71
The punishment of all injuries done to the king's deer or
vmistrn, to the vert or greenswerd. x8i8 Cruise Digest
(ed. 2) III. 143 Destruction of vert is destruction of venison.
x8m Stonehouse Axkolme di A royal demesne.. covered
with vert, and well stocked with deer. 187X Daily News
18 Sept., The Lord of the Manor.. had.. enclosed four
hundred acres of waste land, and had destroyed the vert on
parts thereof.
trans/. 1635 A. Stafford Fem. Glory c vij b. The fourth
^
is humble Ivy, intersert. But lowlie laid, . . Preserved, in her
antique bed of Vert, No faith's more firme, ..then where't
doth creep.
b. Coupled with venison. (The common nse.)
-
Freq. without article.
X4SS Rolls 0/ Parlt. V. 319/a The oversight of verte and
venyson, in all the Parkes. 1577 Holinsheo Chron. II,
459/3 The k[ing].. appointed foure iustices..to be as surucyers
aboue alt other Foresters of vert & venison. 1598
Manwood Lawes Forest xviL 102 b, That which tendeth to
the hurt and annoyance of the Vert and the Venison. i6ia
Sir J. Davies Why Ireland, etc. (1747) 164 The great plenty
both of Vert and Venison within this land. 1700 Tyrrell
Hist. Eng. 1 1. 820 Every Forester in Fee shall . . Attach Pleas
of the Forest, as well concerning Vert as Venison. 177a
Junius Lett. Ixviii. (1788) 347 If a man was taken with
vert, or venison, it was declared to be equivalent to indict,
ment.
183J J. P. Kessedv Horse Slwe K. xxxvii. He gave
much of bis time to the concerns of vert and venison. 1840
PeHHy Cycl. XVI. 175/1 The master-keepers' and groomkeepers'
duty is to preserve the vert and venison in their
respective bailiwicks and walks.
t O. Nether, aver, special vert : (see qnots.). Obs.
1598 Manwood Lames Forest vi. §2. 34 'There are two
sorts of Vert in euery Forrest,that is to say, Ouer vert, and,
Neather vert : Ouer vert is tha;, which the Lawiers do call
Hault Boys, and Neather vert is that, which the Lawiers
do call South Boys, and in the Forrest lawes, Ouer vert is
all manner of Hault Boys, or great wood, aswel such as
beareth /ruit, as such as beareth none. I6id. 35 Special!
vert, which is euery tree and bush within the Forrest, that
doth beare fruite to feed the Deere withall, as Peare trees,
Crabtrees, Hawthornes,. .and such like. [Hence in later
Law Diets., etc.J 17*7 Nelson Laws cone. Game 231
Special-vert, which may be either over or nether-vert, or
both if it bears fruit, for nothing is accounted special-vert
but such which beareth fruit to feed the deer.
2. ellift. The right to cut green trees or shrubs in
a forest. Now arch.
1639 in Maitland Hist. Edinburgh (1753) II. 151/1 All
their antient Rights, . . with Pit and Gallows, Sack and Soke,
Thole, Theam, Vert, Wrack, Waifs [etc.]. 1707 in State,
Fraser 0/ Fraserfield 310 (Jam.), Cum furci, fossa, . .vert,
veth, venison, . . pit et gallows. 1819 Scott Ivanhoe xl. The
Holy Clerk shall have a grant of vert and venison in my
woods of Wariicliffe. 1843 James Forest Days vii. His
righu of vert and venison, extended over a wide distance
around. 1864 Kincsley Rom. /^ Tcut. 257 The iioblesabout
gave up to him their rights of venison, and vert, and pasture,
and pannage of swine.
to. A green plant or shrub. Obs.—^
1648 J. Kavuond // Merc. Ital. 129 Bayes, Locusts,
Pomegrannets, and such like Verts, that grow wild in the
Hedges.
1 4. A green colour or pigment Obs.
..«48i-90 Howard Househ. Bis. (Roxb.) 339 Item, . . for
iiij. dos. of golde paper, and silver rowche clere and verte,
viij.s. lS7»in Feuillerat ;f«/f/jg. ^//s. (1908) 178 Vert,.
Sapp,..Crymsen, ..White,.. Broune. 1582 Itid. 359 Paste
bord, paper, and paste, white, sise, verte, Syneper.
6. spec, in ffer. "The tincture green. Also as adj.
c 1507 Justes Moneths May tf June 28 in Hazl. E. P. P.
11. 114 For a cognysaunce Of Mayes month they bare a
souenaunce. Of a verte cocle was the resemblaunce, Tatcbed
ryght fast. 1561 Leigh Armorie 15b, That is greene, &
biased Vert. Ibid,, And nowe we to the fourth colour. Vert.
a 1586 Sidney Astr. ^ Stella xiii. In vert field Mars bare a
golden speare. i6az Peacham Compt. Gentl. xv. (1906) 104
A plaine crosse Vert, by the name of Hus.sey. 16415 G.
Daniel Poems Wks. CGrosart) I. 44 [To] tell you how they
beare Gules, or, vert, azure, -heathen words for Red, Yellow,
green, blue. 1655 Fuller Antheologia (1867) 278 The
whole field was vert or green. 1656 Blount Glossogr.
(Hence in Phillips, etc.] 1717 Bailey (vol. II), l^ert (in
Heraldry) signifies Green, and in Graving, is expressed by
Diagonal Lines, drawn from the Dexter Chief Corner, to '
the Sinister Base. 1815 Kirbv & Sp. Entomol. i. (1816) I.
JO Some [insects] she {sc. Nature] blazons with heraldic
insignia, giving them tc bear in fields, .vert—gules—argent
and or, fesses—bars .. and even animals. £ i8s8 Berry
Eiicyci. Her. I. Gloss., Vert, the common French term for
green, and the proper heraldic term for that colour.
Vert (v3it), sbH Also 'vert. [Shortened f.
Convert sb., Pebvebt sb^ A pervert or convert
from one religion to another, esp. to the Roman
Catholic faith.
1864 Union Rev. May 277 Old friends call me a pervert
new acquaintances a convert : the other day I was addressed
146
as a 'vert . . This term * 'vert ' 1 have every reason to believe
has been only just coined. 1886 Pall Mall G. 25 May 4/2
Cardinal Manning stands alone. ., and as he is an Anglican
'vert he does not count.
trans/. 1886 North Star 5 May, Your 'vert [to Homa
Rule] IS ever vigorous.
Vert, v.'>- [ad. L. vertcre to turn, overturn, etc.]
tl. trans. To turn up, root up (the ground).
1578 Burgh Rec. Aberdeen (1848) II. 32 It sail be lesum to
quhatsumewir personne apprehendand the said swyne
vertand the ertht, to distroy the sainen.
2. To turn in a particular direction ; to turn or
twist out of the normal position. Now spec, in
Path, ox Anat. Hence Ve'rting///. a.
CIS90 J- Stewart Poems (S.T.S.) II. 47 His sourd..did
clinck and clak, Quhair euir he verts his force And awful!
face. i6s9 Fuller .-ipp. Inj. Innoc. in. 21 When a
Writer's words are madly verted, inverted, perverted,
against his true intent, and their Grammatical! sense.
1883 Duncan Clin. Led. Dis. Worn. (ed. 2) viii. 59 A lady
had ulceration of the interior of the Ijody of the uterus,
which was not flexed or verted. 1903 Med. Record 7 Feb.
210 All of the muscles of the eyes may be relatively weak.
The ducting or verting power is not as great as it
should be.
3. intr. To change direction; to dart about.
i8s9 Meredith R. Feveril I !. x. 198 He flew about in the
very skies, verting like any blithe creature of the season.
Vert, z-.^ Also 'vert. [f. Vert sb.^'\ intr. To
become a pervert or convert from one religion
another, esp. to Roman Catholicism.
to
x888 Echo 17 Mar. (Cassell's), As a man he is welcome to
vert and re-vert as often as he pleases. 1891 Hist. Sk. Par.
St. Martin, Colchester •! William Murray, .'verted to tlie
Roman Church after J. H. Newman.
VeTtant, a. Her. [a. F.verlant,=h. vertenl-,
vertens, pres. pple. of vertHre: see Vebt z».1]
Bending, curving.
1688 R. Holme Armoury 11. 473/1 He beareth Argent,
eight Leaves, the Stalks conjoyned and contrary bowed. .
But the most compendious, is to blazon them conjoyn'd
dorse endorse ; though good Artists will .say, conjoyned and
vertant to the Dextre and Sinister, c 1828 Berry Encycl.
Her. I. GIo.ss., Vertant and Rerertani, or Verted and Reverted,
the same as/lexed and rejlexed, or boived embirwed,
that is formed like the letter S reverted.
Diets.]
[Hence in later
Vertdegrease, Vert de grece, obs. forms of
Verbigris. Verte, soutliem ME. var. Fart v.
Verteber, var. Vertebre.
Vertebra (vaat^^bra). Pl. vertebrae (va-jtrbrf)
; also 7-8 vertebras, [a. L. vertebra joint,
joint of the spine, f. vertere to turn. Hence It.,
Sp., Pg. vertebra, F. vertebre : cf. Vertebre.]
1. Anat. and Zool. One or other of the joints
composing the spinal column in man or other
vertebrate anijnals ; any segment of the backbone.
o. 1615 Crooke Body 0/Man (1631) 930 The vertebra in
the middest receiueth that spondell wliich is aboue it. 1634
A. Read Descr. Body Man C vj/i The transvers processe
of the first vertebra, a 17*8 Woodward Fossils (1729) I. II.
82 A large Vertebra of a Fish. 1767 GoocH Treat. IVoiinds
1. 367 The Thoracic Duct or canal runs, .as far as the fifth
vertebra of the back. 1788 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) I. 726 The
oesophagus . . terminates in the stomach about the eleventh
or twelfth vertebra of the back. 18^0 E. Wilson Anat.
Vade M. (1842) 7 A Vertebra consists of a body, two
laminae, a spinous process, two transverse processes, and
four articular processes. 1881 IMivart Cat 35 Each of
these small bones is called a vertebra.
Comb. 1839 G. Roberts Diet. Geol. i8o Vertebralis,..
vertebra-like.
A 1664 Power Exp. Philos. i. 42 The Lamprey, .hath a
Cartilaginous flexible Tube or Channel, without any
Vertebra or Spondyls in it. i6«« J. Davies Hist. Caribby
Isles 132 Having no vertebrae in the back.bone,. . be [sc. the
crocodile] goes straight forwards, not being able to turn.
1731 Arbuthnot Rules 0/ Diet 362 For there be some with
fewer Vertebrai in their Necks than others. 1774 Goldsm.
Nat. Hist. (1824) II. 140 The vertebrae of the neck (of the
ourang-outang] also were shorter. 1851 S. P. Woodward
Mollusca 1. 1 3 A backbone, composed of numerous joints,
or vertebra;. 1867 F. Francis Angling iii. 73 The angler
should . . sever the vertebree at the back of the neck.
trans/. 1864 Lowell Fireside Trav. 233 Tlie shattered
vertebrae of t!ie [Roman] aqueducts.
y. iMi LovELL Hist. Anim. cj- Min. Isagoge b8 b, Their
vertebra's are cartilagineous and flexile. 1667 Phil. Trans.
II. 461 The Vertebra's descending from tlie Back. 1706
Phillips (ed. Kersey), Cyphoma,. .a bending backwards of
the Vertebra's, or Turning-joynts of the Back. 1770 Phil.
Trans. LXI. 134 It. .extended, .to the right ovarium, and
vertebras of her back.
b. With particularizing terms.
l^t6 Monro Anat. Bones 178 The Spine is commonly
divided into true and false Vertebrae. 1771 Encycl. Brit. I.
169 The lumbar vertebrae, as they descend, have their oblique
processes at a greater distance from each other. 1847-9
Tod(fs Cycl. Anat. IV. I. 621 The cervical vertebra, .difliers
in this respect from the dorsal vertebra ; this from the lumlMr
vertebra ; this from the sacral vertebra ; and this from the
coccygeal vertebra. 1854 Owen in Orr's Circ. Sci., Org.
Nat. I. 193 This unusually developed spine of the mesencephalic
vertebra. Ibid. 236 In the odd-toed, .ungulates,
the dorso-lumbar vertebrse differ in diflTerent species. l8«6
Huxley Preh. Rem. Caithn. 109 A horse's skull with its
upper cervical vertebrae. 187J — Phys, vii. 171 The
odontoid peg of the axis vertebra.
2. //. (with the). The vertebral column; the
spine or backbone.
a l6»7 MiDDLETON Anything /or Quiet Li/e III. i, I will
finde where his Disease of Cozenage lay, whether in the
Vertebra;, or in Oscox-Index [= Os Coxendix). a 1700
VEBTEBRARTEBIAL.
Evelyn Diary 2 May 1644, They show also the ribs and
vertebrse of the same beast. 1728 Chambers Cycl- s.v., A
Weakness of the Ligaments and Muscles fasten'd to the
backside of the Vertebra:. 1759 Sterne Tr. Shandy 11. ix,
Dr. Slop's figure, coming, .waddling thro' the dirt upon the
vertebrae of a little diminutive pony. 1834 McAIurtrie
Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 27 They are articulated at one extremity
with the vertebra. 1856 Kane Arct. F..rpl. II. xv.
160 'the vertebrae of a whale similar to that at the igloe
of Anoatok. 1872 Huxley Phys. i. 6 The bones thus cut
through are called the bodies of the vertebra.
fig. 1768 Tucker Lt. Nal. (1834) I. 429, I should have
known you for a true Search by the pliableness of your
neck: the Knowals have a wonderful stiflTness in the
vertebrae.
b. Without article.
1840 Muechison Siluria xx. 478 Large fossil fishes with
vertebra; sometimes ossified. j86i Muscrave By-roadsy^
He had made the tour of all Europe without once leaning
back in his carriage ! This indicated matchless rigidity of
fibre and strength of vertebrje.
3. In sing. = sense 2. rar«— '.
1791 Walker Pron. Diet. s.v. 1876 J. G. Wood Nat.
Hist. 501 We now enter upon another vast division in which
there is no true brain and no vertebra.
4. Zool. (See quots.)
1704 Ray Disc. 11. iv. (1713) 182 Great Stones, and even
broken Pieces of Lime.stcne Rocks,, .almost wholly compos
d of those Vertebra!, or broken Pieces of the Radii of
Sea-Stars_, which are commonly call'd Fairy-Slones. 1891
Cent. Diet., Vertebra, in echinoderms, any one of the
numerous axial ossicles of the arms of starfishes.
Vertebral (va-jtrtiral), a. and sb. [ad. med.
or mod.L. vertebralis (= F. veriibral, Sp., Pg.
vertebral, It. vertebrate), or f. prec. -^ -al.]
A. adj. 1. Of or pertaining to, situated on or
near, the vertebrae ; spinal.
1681 tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Vertebral, belonging
to the joynts of the backbone. 1704 Ray Creation
II. (ed. 4) 310 The carotid, vertebral and splenick Arteries
are.. variously contorted. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr.
(1756) I. 83 The Cirotidal and the Vertebral Arteries.
1771 Encycl. Brit. I. 218 Of the Vertebral Muscles. 1831
R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 27 Vertebral Canal .. extends
along the whole length of the spine, following its various
curvatures. 184a E. Wilson Auat. Vade M. (1842) 342
The Vertebral vein descends by the side of the vertebral
artery. 1854 Owen in Orr's Circ. Sci., Org. Nat. 1. 197 The
pleurapophyses or vertebral ribs in serpents. 1887 Kncyci.
Brit. XXII. 111/2 A sort of bony canal in which runs the
vertebral artery.
trans/. 1824 Galt Rotlielan I. i. The acts of.. the Black
Prince constitute the vertebral portion of his history.
b. Ent. ' Situated on or noting the median line
of the upper surface' {Cent. Diet. 1891).
2. Composed of vertebra; ; spinal. Freq. in
vertebral column.
1822 J. Flint Lett. Amer. 234 The vertebral column was
completely pliant, her body . . bent in every direction successively.
1847-9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. i. 632/1 Every
lesser unit of the vertebral chain. 1877 J. A. Allen Amer.
Bison 449 The smaller size of the posterior part of the
vertebral column in the American bison.
3. Of the nature of a vertebra.
1847-9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. 1. 648 The vertebral pieces
hold their own serial order, and thus we know them. Ibid.
670 These two iliac bones (c, c) are homologous .. to the two
vertebral lamina: of A.
b. Zool. (See quots.)
1877 Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. 563 [In] the Ophiuridea,
..each of these [quadrate axial] ossicles (which are sometimes
termed vertebral) is surrounded by four plates. 1877
F. Butler in Encycl. Brit. VII. 633 The deep ambulacral
grooves which occupy the middle of the lower face of each
ray [in star-fishes] are formed each by a series of plates, the
vertebral ossicles.
4. Of animals : Having a spinal column ; = Vertebrate
a. I.
1816 J. Scott Vis. Paris (ed. 5) 299 Cuvier, who was the
first to divide animals into vertebral and invertebral. 1822-7
Good Study Med. (1829) IV. 16 All the classes of vertebral
animals possess the same number of senses as man. 1854
H. Miller Sch. >i Schm. xxi. (i860) 229/1 Under what
peculiarities of form.. vertebral life existed in the earlier
ages of the world.
B. sb. 1. .A vertebral artery or vein.
1718 J. Chamberlayne Relig. Phitos. (1730) I. iii. % 3 We
here see the Jugular Veins, and the Vertebrals. 1755 Diet.
Arts «f Sci. s.v. Medulla, The arteries and veins of the
spinal marrow., are derived from the vertebrals of the neck,
the intercostals, and the lumbar. 1880 Barwell Aneurism
53 If we ligature the first part of the subclavian, ought we
also to occlude the vertebral? 1899 Allbutfs Syst. Med.
VII. 390 The arteries of the medulla oblongata, .arise from
the vertebrals.
2. A vertebrate animal. rare~°.
1828-32 Webster, Vertebral, n., an animal of the class
which have a back-bone.
3. One of the unpaired dorsal plates in the carapace
of a turtle.
i88j Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 456 Dermal Scutes [of Testudo
pardalis] -.-co, costals ; v, vertebrals ; jn, marginals.
Hence Ve-rtobrally adv.
1891 Cent. Diet. s.v.. Segmented vertebrally; vertebrally
articulated ribs.
Vertebrarterial, a. Anat. and Zool. [f
Vektebr-a -f Arterial a.] Of or belonging to a
vertebra and an artery ;
verteliro-arterial.
188^ Coues N. Amer. Birds 139 The series of the-se foramina
IS called the vertebrarterial canal. 1902 Cunningham's
Text-bk. Anat. (1906) 75 The vertebrarterial foramen.. is
traversed by the vertebral artery and vein in the upper six
vertebrae.