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VITELLO-.
of the vitelline nidus could be expected to be seen. 1849
Owes Pixrtlunoginesii 73 An ovum . . may contain a supplementary
nutrient viielUne mass, properly called yelk. 1883
Science \. 451/2 This sac. was connected with the foetal
vascular system by a viteiline artery and two veins.
b. Vitelline metnbrane^ sac, the transparent
membrane which surrounds the yolk of an egg ; the
yolk-sac ; the investing membrane of the embryo.
1845 Todd & Bowman Pkys. AnaL I. 48 The first, or
the vitelline membrane of the ovum, is the wall of a cell.
1861 J. R. Greene Man. Antm. Kingd., Calent. 15 In
addition to these parts, many ova are provided with an
outer envelope, known as the yolk-sac or ' vitelline mem-
brane '. 1880 GcNTHER Fishes 166 Generally the vitelline
sac of the embryoes is free.
B. sb. The yolk, the vitellary substance,
X891 CetU, Diet.
Hence t Vitollinous a, (See quot.) Obs.
1786 Abebcrombie Arr. 35 in Gnrd. Assist.^ VitelHnous,
or yellow barked [willow-tree].
Vite'llo-, combining form (cf. Vitelli-) of
ViTKLLUS, used \n a few terms (^Biol. and Chem.)^
as vitello-duot, -intestinal a., -lutein, -phag,
-pubin (see quots.).
1888 RoLLESTON & Jackson Anim. Life 647 Internally it
opens, when single, into the *vltelIo-duct, or germ-duct.
1854 Bushman in Of^'s Circ. Sci. 11. 84 A communication
is found to have arisen between the yolk and the intestine,
by a wide duct termed the '"vitello-inte^itinal duct. x886
Buck's Handbk, Med. Sci. II. 247/2 In the red eggs of
Maja squinado R. Maly found two kinds of coloring
matter, which he named •vitellolutein and vitellorubin.
Ibid. 248/1 Vitellolutein is soluble in alcohol to a clear
yellow solution. 1904 Science 8 April 588/2 There is no
satisfactory evidence to show that the cells . . are really such,
and not dividing cleavage cells or possibly *viteIIophas;s.
x886 Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. II. 248/1 •Vitellorubin
occurs in an amorphous form, soluble in alcohol to a brown
fluid.
Vitello'genous, a, [f. prec. + -gbn + -ous.]
Producing the vitellus or yolk.
i9ja E. R. Lankester Advancem, Set (1890) 265 The
others disappear as . . vitellogenous cells. 1878 F. J. Bell
Gegenbaur s Comp. Anat. 301 This vitellogenous layer
occupies the portion of the chamber behind the egg-cell.
(vite'los, vai-). [t« vitellus yolk of
|] Vitellus
an egg.]
L Embryol. The yolk of an egg ; the germinative
contents of an ovum-cell.
i7a8 Chambf.rs Cycl. s,v. Eg«^ In the middle of the inner
White, is the Vitellus or Yelk. 2826 Gooo Bk. Nat. (1834)
I. 165 In this respect the albumen of the cotyledon corresponds
with the vitellus of the hen's egg. 1857 Berkeley
Cryptog. Bot. xv. 26 Nothing can be- more close than the
mode of development in these, .and of the vitellus in the
eggs of certain Molluscn. 2877 Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim,
367 In certain Amphipods.. the vitellus undergoes complete
division.
2. Bot. A fleshy sac situated between the albumen
and the embryo in a seed.
x8o7 J. E. Smith Phys. Bat. 292 The Vitellus \s esteemed
by Girtner to conipose the bulk of the seed in Fuci, Mosses
and Ferns. 1829 T. Castle Introd. Bot. 245 The vitellus
is an organ of a fleshy but firm texture, situated, when present,
between the albumen and embryo. 1861 Brntley
Man. Bot. 444 Embryo minute, enclosed in a vitellus, and
outside of abundant fieshy albumen,
b. (See quot.)
zooo B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms, Vitel/us,.. an oily
substance adhering to the spores of Lycopodium.
Viterde, variant of Vittebed a, Obs.
fViteroke. Obs.-~^ [app. related to Vittebed,
FiTTEBEO a."] A ragged upper garment.
a j*zi Ancr, R, 328 Heo hudet eke hore ihole clones, &
do3 an aire vuemeste on viterokes al to torene.
Vith, ME. form of With.
Vipele, southern ME. var. Fiddle sb.
Viti-, combining form of L. vilis vine, occurring
in a few forms, as viti'ferous a. [L. vUifer]^
f vitigi'neous a. [L. vitigi?teus'\ (see quots.).
Also (in recent diets.) viticide something which kills or
destroys vines ; viticolous adj., living on or in vines.
1656 Blount Glossogr.^ Viti/erous, that bears Vines. 1721
Bailev, VitigineouSt that cometh of a Vine. 1753 C/irt/«ber^
Cycl. Suppl, s.v. Porrinn, The vitigineous wild leek of
Gerrard.
tVitialy a. Obs.—^ [f. L. vztinm + -al.]
Vicious.
1614 T. Adams Sinners Passing Bell Wks. (1625) 253
There is nothing on it [jc. earth] that is of it, which is not
become more vitiall, then vitall.
Vitiate (vi/i/tj,/>//. a. Now rare. Also 5-6
viciat(e, 6 vicyate, vycyat(e. [ad. L. vitidt-us
(med.L. also vicidt-us\ pa. pple, of vitidrex see
next.)
1, Vitiated, depraved, infected, spoiled : a. In
predicative use.
«4J»-5o tr. Higden (Rolls) IV. 427 Peple viciate and pollute,
to whom hit was not lawefulle to offre. Ibid. V. 213
A man viciate of body scholde not receyve ordres. 1539
V.\.SQT Cast. Helthe i. (1541) ib, Fyre. .is the clarifyer of
other elementes if they be vicyate or out of theyr naturall
temperaunce. 1545 Raynald Syrth Mankynde 79 Yf the
matrice be perysshed or otherwyse viciate. 1737 Bracken
Farriery Impr. (1756)!. i4Thc Blood is. .vitiate or corrupt.
b. Const, by or ivitk.
£1450 tr. De Imitatione iii. Ix. 140 Nature sliden & viciat
by be first man Adam bom? synne. i46oCAPGRAVRCAr(7«.
Ded. I For the eldebokes..thou5 thei were mad ful treuly,
jet be thei viciat be the wriieres. 153^ Morb %nd Pt. Confut.
Tindale 11. Wks. 636/2 The scripture adulterate and
263
viciate with false gloses & wrongc expostcions. 157a Bosse-
WELL Artnorie in. 7 Neyther with the sonne beame is
viciate the sterre, Nor yet by the bearing of a sonne, the
mother.
C. Used attributively.
1551 Robinson tr. Morels Utopia \\. (1895) 202 In their
viciate and corrupt taste. 1665 G. Harvey Advice agst.
Plague 15 Add thereunto the vitiate disposition of the air.
1913 A. NoYES Tales of Mermaid Tavern, Raleigh, He
never stooped, Never once pandered to that vitiate hour.
1 2. Sc. Law. Rendered null or void ; interfered
or tampered with. Obs.
1586 in Dunfennline Regr. (Bann. CI.) 449 Ve auld
assumptioun of ye said thnd is vitiat be ye said commendatouris
proper deidis. 1593 Sc. Acts Parlt.^ Jas. F/(i8i6)
IV. 25/2 As ony pairt of the rent of dumfermling now
viciat salbe recoverit. 1678 Sir G. Mackenzie Crim. Laws
Scot. I. xxvii. § 2. (1699) 135 It is said to be suspect, if. .it
appear vitiat by ocular inspection.
Vitiate (vi*Jitf't), v. Also 6-8 vioiat(o, 7
vitiat, vitiatt. [f. L, vitiat- (med.L. also viciat-),
ppl. stem of vitidre (whence It. viziare, Sp. and
Pg. vidar, F. vicier), f. vitium ViCH sb.^ Cf. prec]
1. trans. To render incomplete, imperfect, or
faulty ; to impair or spoil.
1534 More Treat. Passion Wks. 1303/1 Hym must we
serue, though specially wyth the mynde (whych if it be
not good, viciateth all together) yet.. also wyth body and
goodes and al. a 1631 Donne Serm., Matt, v, 16 (1640) 82
A superstitious end, or a seditious end vitiates the best
worke. 1665 Manley Grotius* Lo7U C. Wars 453 Other
Advices were prefer'd, which.. do many limes vitiate, if
not ruine, the most noble and valiant Undertakings. 1678
Barclay Apol. Quakers vii. § 2. 19;^ This Doctrine of Justification
hath been, and is greatly vitiated in the Church of
Rome. 17U Addison Sped. No. 25 p 5 A continual Anxiety
for Life vitiates all the Relishes of it, and casts a Gloom
over the whole Face of Nature. 1738 Warburton Div.
Legal. I. 166 Time, which naturally and fatally violates
and depraves all things. 1794 Hutton Philos, Light, etc.
124 It would only lead us into error, and thus vitiate the
science or pliilosophy in which it were employed. 1808
T. Haslam ObserT/. Madness ^ Mel. i. (1809J 31 It might
De urged, that in these instances, the perception was vitiated.
1851 NiCHOL Archit. Heav. (ed. 9) 60 Considering that a
deviation from truth by the fraction of abairbreadth, would
vitiate the figure.
b. To corrupt id) literary works or (^) language
by carelessness, arbitrary changes, or the introduction
of foreign elements.
(«) 1659 Bp. Walton Consid. Considered igZ TheSeptuagint.
.which we now have is the same for substance with
that anciently used, though.. by the injury of time, and
frequent transcriptions vitiated. 1788 Reid Aristotle's
Logic i. § I. 5 There is reason to doubt whether what [works]
are his be not much vitiated and interpolated.
{b) 1690 Temple Ess., Poetry Wks. 1720 I. 243 Whereever
the Roman Colonies had remained, and their Language
had been generally spoken, the common People used that
still, but vitiated with the base Allay of their Provincial
Speech. 1741 De Foe's TourGt. Biit. (ed. 3) lU. 4 It is
observable, that the Normans could not well pronounce
Lincohj, but vitiated it to Nichol. 1756 Johnson Diet,
Pref., Many barbarous terms and phrases, by which other
dictionaries may vitiate the style, are rejected from this.
1790 ' Cassandra *
(J. Bruckner) Crit. Tooke's Purley 55
Those who consider how much the language had been
vitiated at the time they lived, by the importation of
foreign words,
2. To render corrupt in morals; to deprave in
respect of principles or conduct; to lower the
moral standard of (persons).
XS34 More Treat. Passion Wks. 1311/2 We shulde note
well and marke thereby, that the vice of a vicious personne,
viciateth not the company or congregacion. 1658-9
in Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 59 This will not vitiate
persons, but your nature and your posterity. 168a Burnet
Rights Princes Pref. 13 Mankind is not so vitiated with
prejudice. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 177 F 12 The suppression
of those habits with which I was vitiated, 1770
Junius Lett, xxxvii. (1788) 199 If any part of the representative
body be not chosen by the people, that part vitiates
and corrupts the whole. 1853 C. L. Brace Home Life
Germany 258 In 1806, the army had become thoroughly
vitiated by luxury. 1880 E. Kikkk Garjield 55 In short,
he had only one fault, but that was radical, and in the end,
vitiated the whole man. He was thoroughly selfish.
b. Similarly with impersonal objects.
1584 R. Scot Discov. IVitchcr. v. v. (1886) 80 He being a
spirit, may with Gods leave and ordinance viciat and corrupt
the spirit and will of man, z598Marsi'ON Pygnial,, Sat. li,
Many spots my mind doth vitiate. 1634 Habington Castara
Pref. (Arb.) 12, I encounter'd there.. Innocencie,. .not
vitiated by conversation with the world. 1675 Traherne
Chr. Ethics 324 So doth one vice cherished and allowed
corrupt and viciate all the vertues in the whole world. 1714
R, FiDDES Pract. Disc. n. 93 Sufferings vitiate the best
tempers. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 172 p 2 Many vitiate
their principles in the acquisition ofriches. 1837 Hr. Mar.
TiNEAU Soc. Amer, III. 263 The encouragement of an
amusement which does seem to be vitiated there. 1847
Hamilton Retvards ^ Punishm. viii. (1853) 362 One sin of
youth vitiates a protracted life. 1861 Mill UtiUt. i. 4 To
what extent the moral beliefs of mankind have been vitiated
. .by the absence of any distinct recognition of an ultimate
standard.
C. To pervert (the eye, taste, etc.), so as to lead
to false judgements or preferences.
1806 A. Hunter Culina (ed. 3) 120 Stomachs may be so
far vitiated as to lose all relish for plain roast, or boiled
meat. x8ai Craig Led. Drawing, etc. ii. 103 This prac
tice has such a tendency to vitiate the eye and to mislead
the mind. 1845 M^'Culi.och Taxation 1. vi. (1852) 245 It
had the mischievous effect of vitiating the public taste and
stimulating the consumption of ardent spirits.
VITIATED,
f 3. To deflower or violate (a woman). Obs.
1547-50 [see Vitiating vbl. sb.].
i6a4 Hevwood Gunaik.
I. 35 lill she returned into her owne naturall forme, in
which he vitiated her, and of her begat Achilles, c 1645
Howell Lett. (1650) I. 49 This beutious Maid [Venice]
hath bin often attempted to be vitiated. 1675 Baxter
Cath. Theol. i. 107 Being not., moved by him (as David to
murder Urias, and to vitiate his wife). 1710 Steele Tatter
No. 198 f 8 He confessed his Marriage, and his placing his
Companion on Purpose to vitiate his Wife. 1769 Blackstone
Comm. IV. 8r It was a felony and attended with a
forfeiture of the fief, if the vasal vitiated the wife or daughter
of his lord. 1791 Burke Let. Meynber Nat. Assembly
Wks. VI. 36 Pedagogues, who betray the most awful
family trusts, and vitiate their female pupils.
4, To corrupt or spoil in respect of substance
to make bad, impure, or defective.
157a J. Jones Bathes Buckstone 15 For blood is the treasure
of lyfe,not viciated. 1599 Sandys Eurepx Spec. (1632)
103 As a dead Flie doth vitiate a whole boxe of sweet
oyntment. 1608 Topsell S^^/^m/j 125 Euen as women in
their monthly courses doe vitiat their looking-glasses.
1653 L. S. People's Liberty iii. 6 As much water cannot so
soon be viciated as a lesser quantity. 16^4 R. Godfrey
Jnj. ^ Ab. Physic 33 The very texture of his Stomach and
other vital bowels was vitiated. 1759 Mills tr, DuhamePs
Husb, I. xvi. 93 Farmers distinguish the wheat thus vitiated
by saying that it is blacked in the point. 1789 W. Buchan
Dom. Med. (1790) 465 When the saliva is vitiated,., the curing
of the disorder is the cure of this symptom. 1863 Geo.
Eliot Romola xxxiv. The oncoming of a malady that has
permanently vitiated the sight. iSSzA/ed. Temp. Jml. No.
52. 177 As I shall endeavour to show you, it vitiates the blood.
b. esp. To render (air) impure and so inadequate
for, or injurious to, life.
1715 Desaculiers Fires Ivtpr. 34Theill Humours which
go out of their Bodies.. vitiate the Air more and more.
1793 Beddoes Consump. 137 Only a very small portion of
the air was vitiated, i.e. converted into fixed air. 1869
E. A. Pakkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 118 The impurity of
the air vitiated by respiration. i8?8 Huxlev Physiogr.
84 This gas would unduly .iccumulate, and . . vitiate the
entire bulk of the atmosphere.
5, To render of no effect ; to invalidate either
completely or in part ; spec, to destroy or impair
the legal effect or force of (a deed, etc.).
1621 Sanderson Serm. I. 170 An earthly judge is subject
to misprision, mis-information, partiality, corruption, and
sundry infirmities that may vitiate his proceedings. X7a6
AvLiFFE Parergon 104 A Transposition of the Order of the
Sacramental Words, does, in some Mens Opinion, vitiate
Baptism. 1790 Bukke Fr, Rev. 37 If all the absurd theories
of lawyers and divines were to vitiate the objects in
which they are conversant, we should have no law, and
no religion left in the world. 1827 Jarman Po^velts Devises
II. 21 If an undefined portion of a bequest is to be applied
to a purpose void by the statute, it vitiates the whole. 1853
Lytton My Novel xii. xxvii, 1 told them flatly.. that, as
Mr. Egerton's agent, I would allow no proceedings that
might vitiate the election. 1883 Law Rep. 11 Q. B. l3iv. 568
The plaintiff is engaged in carrying out the illegal objects
of the association ; . . and this circumstance alone vitiates the
contract for repayment.
b. To render (an argument, etc.) inconclusive
or unsatisfactory.
1748 Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. § i. 308 This will
not vitiate the foregoing Conjectures. 1846 Mill Logic
I. V. §3 The theory of that intellectual process has beenvitiated
by the influence of these erroneous notions. _x866
Herschel Fatn. Led. Sci. (1867) 73 His proof is vitiated
by an enormous oversight: and the thing.. is a physical
impossibility, 1878 Stewart & Tait Unseen Univ. ii. § 84,
94 It is this eternity of atom which vitiates the h>-pothesis.
t 6. a. To adulterate. Obs.-^
17*8 Sheridan tr. Persius ii. (1739) 35 It was Luxury first
made us vitiate our Oyl with Cassia,
f" b. To alter feloniously. Obs.~^
1753 Scots Mag. Aug. 420/1 And William Taylor, for
vitiating a bank-note.
Hence Vi'tiating vbl. sb. and ppl. a.
1547 Hooper Declar, Christ ff Oj/ice xii. L viij, The
deathe of his chyldre, the conspyricie of Absolon, the
uiciating of his wiues. « 1550 Leland Itin. (1769) _V. 21
The Collegiate Chirch ..was tranglatid to Aberguili for
vitiating of a Maide. 1647 Clarendon Contempl. Ps.
Tracts (1727) 392 The yielding to every corrupt affection
and passion is as great a vitiating and weakening of the
mind. 1669 Bovle Certain Physiol. Ess. (ed. 2) AbsoL
Rest Bodies 27 Finding its passage obstructed .. by the
vitiating of the Pores of the Glass. 1858 J. Maktineau
Stud. Chr. 2y$ A certain vitiating unsoundness of mind.
1859 GEp. Eliot A. Bcde xxix, No man can escape this
vitiating efl'ect of an offence against his own sentiment of
right.
Vitiated (vi-Ji^'ted), ppL a. [f. the vb.] That
has undergone vitiation ; corrupted, spoiled, impaired
: a. In respect of substance.
1620 Venner Via Recta vii. 135 Those [almonds] that.,
[are] reserued all the yeare, so that they waxe not too
dry, or in their colour and substance vitiated [etc.]. 1644
Milton Areop. (Arb.) 43 Wholesome meats to a vitiated
stomack differ little or nothing from unwholesome. 1688
Boyle Vitiated Sight 271 Some may think that [such] a
man has rather an excellent, than a vitiated sight. .»747tf-
Astruc's Fevers 285 These cells becoming turgid with this
viciated matter, raise ihacuticula. xj'joPhil. Trans. LX,
400 It might.. seem possible, that blood-letting had only
let out the vitiated part. 18x3 J. Thomson Led. Injlam,
648 When the vesications pass mto the state of sloughing,
or vitiated ulcers. x8a6 S. Cooper First IJnes Surg.
(ed. 5) 38 Certain deleterious kinds of food, such as the
ergot or vitiated rye. 1867 A. Barrv Sir C. Barry vi. 166
The smoke and vitiated air of every room in the building.
1893 Photogr. Ann. II. 213 Confinement in the vitiated
atmosphere of an ill- ventilated dark room.
b. In some abstract quality or principle.