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VINE.
1601 Holland Pliny I. 537 A ceriaine hearbe, which the the purpose, which thereupon look the name Vmea. 1614
Sicilians in their language call Ampclodcsinos, (1. Vine- GoRGKs tr. Lucan 111. 106 Their Vinias to the wall they
bind). i860 lire's Did. Arts (ed. 5) Ili. 966 *Kiiwr Hack, brought, Couerd with greene turfesall aloft. 1678 Phillips
a black procured by charring the tendrils of the vine and (ed. 4). 1718 RowK tr. Lucan 111. 721 Beneath the Vinea
levigating them. 185* Johnson Garif. Z?/c/.,*Vine Bower, close th' Assailant lies, 1783 W', Gordon tr. Livy's Rem.
CietM.Uis I'iticclia. 1854 Forrkster in Proc, H oyal Soc. Hist. II. xvii. (1809) 130 The Vineae and other works were
VII. 156 On the *Vine.Disease in the Port-wine Districts of repaired. 1885 Oman Art War 47 The vinea and testudo,
the Alto-Douro. x6oi Holland Pliny 1. 536 The manner the catapult onager and balista, were as well known in the
of. .planting by a trees side a *Vine Dragon (for so we use tenth century as in the first.
to call the old braunch of a Vine past all service, which ViueSrl (vi'n/.il), a. rare, [ad. L. vJuedlis, f.
hath done bearing many a yeare, and is now growne to be
7inea Vi^v.sb.'] Of or pertaining to vines or wine
hard). 1855 Zoologist XIII. 4680 Speyer gives Agrotis
aquilina as a *vtne-feeder. x66i Walton Angler (ed. living on vines ; consisting of wine.
3) 97
Now for Flies;.. I will name you but some of them, as. .the 1659 H. M«RE Immort. Soul iir. xii. 454 These exhala-
cloudy, or blackish Hie, the flag-flye, the *vine-flye. 1668 tions of the Vineyards must spread, .from., the Canaries to
Chahlkton Onomast. 47 //j,..lhe Vine-Fly. 17*8 Cham- England. ..So that there will be an Hemisphere of vineall
bers Cyd. s.v. Fishing Fiy, Natural Flies are innumerable: Atoms of an incredible extent. 1859 Mavnk Expos. Lex.,
. .the Tawny-Fly, the Vine-Fly, the Shell Fly. 1857 Hen- Vinenlis, applied by Mirbel to plants that grow spontane-
FREV Btn. 5 6.^6 The *Vine Fungus appears to be a plant of ously on tlie vines, ..vineal. 1908 Daily Chron. 30 Oct. 9
this tribe \Oidium\ rarely producing perfect fruit. 1753
Ckatttbers Cycl. Suppl., */'7«tf Gallinscct, an insect of the
gallinsect class, principally found on the Vine, though capable
of living on some other trees, c 1449 Pkcock Repr.
IM. xvi. 383 Whanne money is paled to., a laborer in a *vyne
g.irde!n for his day labour in the same vyne gardein. 1839
W. Chambers Tour Rhine ^7/1 A tolerably lon^ reach of
the river, between banks nchly clad with vine gardens.
c 1440 Alph, Tales 201 When (>aj come l»er, t»e *vyne-garth,
at no frute was in befor, was growyng full of rype grapis.
1687 Mi^GE Gt, Fr. Did. u, Vine-fretter, or * Vine-grub.
1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Vine-grub, a' kind of Worm
that gnaws the Vine. 1753 Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v.,
Reaumur observes, that . . boih the winged and the unwinged
Vine-grubs are females. i6oi Holland Pliny I. 547 Men
are wont to take their *'Vine hookes when they be newly
ground & sharpened [etc.). 1615 Thomas' Did. (ed. 10),
AverrttHCo,. .to purge vines with a vinehookc. t^^xCatk.
Angl. 402/1 A *vyne knyfc, /^il.r, /a/c icula. 1611 Cotgr.,
Serpette,A Vine knife, or Gardeners knife. 1715 Fa/ft. Diet.
S.V. Vintage, You must also provide Paniers, Dresners,
Vine-Knives, Shovels and Rakes. 1597 Gerarde Herbal
I. lxxx\iii. 139 The *Vine Leeke groweth of it selfe in vineyards,
and neere vnto vines in hot regions, whereof it both
tooke the name Vine Leeke and French Leeke. 1852
G. W, Johnson Cottage Gtird. Did. 24/2 A[lliui>i] nmpeloprasum
(vine-leek). x88a Gard, Chron. XVI L 20 The new
*Vine-louse Convention, held at Berne. 1550 Coverdai.e
Spir. Perle vi, Wks. (Parker Soc.) L 115 The heavenly
•vineman bringeth the Christians unto the winepress. 1579-
80 North Plutarch (1612) 368 In the morning.. he went
out.. with his vine-men to labour in his vineyard. 1588
Fraunce La^viers Log. i. i. 2b, The word..isinetaphoricalI
.., being borrowed of the *Vinemayster. 1855 Ogilvie
Suppl. 283 Oidium tuckeri is the *vine-mildew, parasitical
upon the leaves and green parts of vines, x^^y Chambers's
Encycl. IX. 800/2 The vine disease, or vine mildew,, .has of
late years made great ravages. 184a Louuon Suburban
Hort. Ill A . . very efficient mode of destroying the * vinemoth
in France. 1704 Did, Rust. *
(1726), Vine-Pear, or
Damsel-Pear, is gray, reddish, round, and pretty big. 1731
Miller Gard. Diet. s.v. Pyrus, Poire de Vigne, i.e. The
Vine Pear. 1887 IVestm. Rev. June 364 The ravages of the
*vinc-pest with the terrible name of Phylloxera vasteitn.r
in France. 1897 Outing^ XXIX. 434/1 Then came the
terrible vine-pest, and on its heels came ruin. 1587 Greene
Euphues Wks. (Grosart) VI. 237 Alaytng the heate of
Bacchus "vynepresse, with the sweete conserues fetcht from
Myneruaes Library. 163a Lithgow Trav. x. 459 A Vinepresse
house, standing afone amongst Vineyards. 1760-73
H. Brooke F^ool 0/ Qual. (1809) II. 125 As grapes are
squeezed in a vine-press. 1846 Keightlev Notes Virg-t
Georg, II. 4 The vinepress, or va\ in which they trod the
grapes. 1875 Knight Diet. Meek. 2710/2 * Vine-rake, an
implement for pulling sweet-potalo or other vines off from
the ridges preparatory to the digging of the ground. 1601
Holland Pliny I. 406 For the Centurion hath the honour to
carie in his hand a *Vine-rod. /z i66z Holvday Juvenal
(1673) 263/1 They may get a vine-rod, that is, a centurion's
place. 1856 Merivale Rom. Emp,\\\\. (1871) V. 145 Some
showed him the,scars of their wounds, others the marks of
the centurion's vine-rod. 1851 T. W. Harris Insects Injur.
Veg. vi. (1862) 512 Fir Saw-FIy.—
*Vine Saw-Fly.—Rose*
bush Slug. [Ibid. 522 A kind of saw-fly which attacks the
grape-vine,.. named Selandria Vitts. Tlie saw-fly of the
vine is of a jet-black color.] 1886 Conder Syrian Stone-
Lore ix. (1896) 357 The *vine-scrolls and grape-bunches on
the oldest mosaics of the Dome of the Rock. x88i A. C.
Grant Bush-Life xxii. Impenetrable *vine-scrubs Hue the
river>banks at intervals. 1889 Lvmholtz A ff'iong Cannibals
24 Along the streams vine-scrubs often abound. 1831 J.
Davies Alat. Med. 413 Some animals of an inferior class,
such as bull-frogs, the * vine-snail, turtle, viper, crayfish, &c,
1601 Holland Pliny I. 406 The *Yine wand is now entred
into the campe, and by it our armies are raunged Into battaillons.
1736 Bailey Household Did. s,v.. The *vinewater
without distilling, will have the same effect. 1882
Garden 11 Mar. 172/1 Specimens of the black *Vine weevil
(Otiorhynchus sulcatus), a very destructive insect. 1896
LoDE.MAN spray. Plants 280 Fire-worm ; Cranberry-worm ;
*Vine-worm; Blackhead {Rhopobota vaccintana). 1846
LiNDLEY Veg. Kingd. 439 The propriety of placing Leea
along with *Vineworts has been questioned. 1870 H. Mac-
MiLLAN True Vine vii. (1872) 296 «c/^, The vine-worts,
distinguished for their wholesome and nutritious qualities,
seem closely allied to the Umbellifera.
Hence Vine v, trans.^ to graft {in or into a vine)
''5
To obtain a 50 per cent, drop on Italian vineal exports to
that country.
Vineat, variant of Vinet l Obs.
Viaea'tic, a. rare"^, [a. L. vlneatic-tts^ f.
vJtiea Vine sb^ (See quot.)
\t%(i^\j:s\)ti-xGlossogr., Vineatick, belongingto Vines, apt,
or that serves for Vines.
Vine-braucli. Also vine branch. [Vine
sb.'\ A branch of a vine-tree.
r 1400 Laud Troy Bk. 11201 The vyne-braunche with alle
here grapes, c 1440 Fallal, on Hush. Table (1B96) 15 Vyne
braunchis, to cnoynte. 1535 Coverdalk John xv. 6 He
that abydeth not in me, is cast out as a vyne braunche.
1560 BiBLK (Geneva) Nahum ii. 2 The emptiers haue
emptied them out, & marred their vine branches. 1603
Holland PlutardCs Mor. 685 He that gladly would in
winter season weare a chaplet of vine branches. 1673-4
Grkw Anal. PL, Anat. Trunks i. § 8 In Summer time,.,
the Vessels also, in the Barque of a Vine- Branch, do Bleed
a Sower .Sap. 1691 Ray Creation 11. (1692) 128 If in
Summer-time you denude a Vine-branch of its Leaves, the
Grapes will never come to maturity. 1731 Miller Gard.
Did. s.v. Vitis^ That Bulk which they have acquir'd upon
the Vine-branches. 1770 Langhorne Plutarch (1851) II.
1107/1 He lifted up the vinebranch, with which the centurions
chastise such as deserve stripes. 1818-2J Encyd.
Metrop. (1845) XIV. 490/2 The vanilla is a plant of the
thickness of a small vine branch. 1845 J. Coulter Adv. in
Pacific xi. 133 Posts of wood, interlaced by vine branches.
Vined, a^ rare. [f. Vine sb^
1. Ornamented with the representation of a vine.
1577 Harrison England n. xxiii. (1877) 1. 351 A table
hauing at each hand an image vined and finelie florished
both aboue and beneath. 1624 Wotton Elan. Archil, 31
Other licentious inuentions, of Wreathed, and Vined, and
Figured Columnes, which our Author hinibelfe condemneth.
2. Impregnated with the qualities of a vine.
1600 SuBFLET Countrie Farmc iii. x.v.\iv. 408 These
Oliues will tast both of the one and of the other, and become
as it were vined Oliues.
tVinedage, variant of Vendage Obs»
1574 Heli.owks Gueuara's Fani. Ep. (1577) 237 Since
your garden is blasted, your vinedage ended,, .your prime
tyme finished.
Vine-dresser. [Vine sb^ One occupied in
the pruning, training, and cultivation of vines.
1560 Bible (Geneva) Joel i. 11 Houle, o ye vine dressers
for the wheat, and for the barly. x6ii Bible Jcr. tii. 16
Nebuzaradan . . left certaine of the poore of the land for Vinedressers
and for husbandmen, a 1653 Gouge Comm. Heb.
vii. (1655)11. 131 The Apostle exemplifieth the equity of this
..by a Vine-dressers partaking of the fruit of it. 1709
Lond. Gaz. 4556/1 Of these there are, Husbandmen and
Vinedressers, one thou^nd eighty three. 1763 Mills Sys!.
Prad. Husb. IV. 341 That so the vine dresser may dig all
round the vine. x8i8 Lady Morgan Autobiog. (1859) 123
When the vines were all gathered, the vinedressers came in
procession under the castle windows. 1884 J._De Mille
Castle in Spain iv. Shepherds, goatherds, and vine-dressers
stared lazily up.
fig. X770 Burke Pres. Discont. Wks. 1808 II. 273, I do
not mean those branches [of trade] which bear without the
hand of the vine-dresscr.
Vine-fretter. Now rare or Obs. [Vine sb.^
A grub or insect (in later use, a species of aphis)
feeding upon vines.
1608 TorsELL Serpents 105 After the manner of Vinefretters,
which are a kind of CatterpiUers, or little hayrje
wormes with many feete, that eate Vines when they begin
to shoote. 1661 LovELL Hist. Anim. ^ Min. Isagoge c 2,
The butyri in vines, and ipes, and the vinefretter in the
leaves thereof. 1715 Fam. Did, s.v. Diseases of Trees, The
Vine«fretter, a little black Animal, does a great deal of Mischief
to Trees. 176a Mills Syst, Prad. Husb. I. 471
Almost all the peas in his neighbourhood were destroyed
that year by a kind of vermin called vine-fretters. 1777 W.
Hooper Helvetius' Treat. Man I. 91 note, We should, .inclose
a vinefretter in a phial. 1848 Bahtlett Diet. Amer.
374 Vinefretter^ . .an insect very destructive to vines, rose
bushes, cabbages, &c. in the Southern States. 1895 Dublin
Rev, Oct. 444 He considered the generation of vine fretters
from a new point of view.
intr,^ to develop tendrils like a vine.
1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Fam. Love 15b, The vine
braunch is to be vined in the vine. Ibid. 16 Neither doth
the Greeke or Latin translation afford any such lermes of
vinyng intoavine, as ye seme to import. 1796 C. Marshall
Gardening xv. (1813) 2^7 Sticking pease is to take place as
soon as they begin to vine (or. put forth tendrils).
Vine, obs. Sc. form of Wine sb*
II Vinea (vi-ma). Also 7 vinia, [L. vinea :
see Vine sb!\ A kind of protective shed or penthouse
anciently used in siege-operations.
1601 Holland Pliny I. 406 How to approch the walls of
their enemies, to give an assault under a frame devised for
214
Vinegar (vi-n/gai), J^. Forms: a. 4-6vyne-
4-7 vinegre
gre (4fyn-), 5-6vynagre, 6 -ygre ;
(5 uin-, win-, 6 winnegre) , 7 vin'gre ; 5 venagre,
5-7 venegre ; 5 vyneygre, -aygre, 7
vinaigre. ^. 5-6 vyneger, 6 -egyr, vynyger;
5-7 vineger (7 -ere, vinneger), 6-7 viniger
(7 win-) ; 5 venegur, 6 -eger ; 5, 7 vinager, 7
vinaiger, 5-6 vineager. 7. 6 vynegar, 6vinegar
(8 ven-). 5. 4 vyuacre, 5, 7 vinacre,
7 vinaicre ; 6 vinyoare, vinyker, vyneker,
venyker, -iker, Sc. vinakir, venaker, wynakar,
-akir, 7 Sc. wiuiker. [a. OF. vyn egre (14th cent.),
VINEGAR
vinaigre (so niod.F.), f, z^/w :— L. vimim wine
egrCj aigre Kager a, Ci. l*r. vina'i)grej Sp. and
Pg. vinagrc, It. vinagro. Some of the spellings
are influenced by the later F. form, or by mod.L.
vinitm (tcre.'\
1, A liquid (consisting of acetic acid in a dilute
form) produced by the acetous fermentation of
wine and some other alcoholic liquors or si)ecial
compounds, and employed either pure or with
various admixtures in the preparation of food (or
as a relish to this) and in the arts, etc.
The chief sources of vinegar are indicated by the names
7vine-, malt-, sugar-, and wood-vinegar. Radical vinegar :
see Radical a. g. Thieves' vinegar : see Thief 5.
a. a 1300 Cursor M. 16762 + 13 Vinegre t*t gall \.^ jews
blend And to his mouth put Jjore. c 1315 Shokkham i. 829
A! so longe hyt hys blod, Ase lest l>e forme of wyne, Nau^t
of fynegre kende [^kind] chald. 136a Langl. /'. /'/. A. v.
70 Venim.., or vinegre, I trouwe, Walle)> in my wombe.
a 1425 tr. Ardcrne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 40 pe Inyse of
celidone y-medled wih vinegre and warmed at pe fire. 1489
Caxton F'aytes of A. i. xiv. 37 Flessh, benes, salt and
vynaygre. a \r/. Brit. XXIV. 241/1 All sources of alcohol may
be regarded as possible materials for making vinegar.
h. a 1400 in Rel. Ant. I. 196 Seeth the rote in vynacre of
wyne. 1497 Naval Ace. Hen. VII {iSgt) 88 Vinacre, ..j
hoggshed. c if/oo Kennedy Passion of Christ 963 Intill
wynakar l>ai soupit it full sone. 1533 Gau Richt Vay 41
'Jhay suld..giff to hinie vinakir and gal to drink, 1583
Shuttleiuorths' Ace. (Chetham Soc.) 8 A querte of vinycare,
iiij^. X583-4 Ibid. 16 For foure quartes of veniker, xvj''.
2586 Ibid. s6 A gallon of vyneker, xvj-*. 165a Gaule
Magastrom, 44 The water of the wisemen, the philosophers
vinacre, the minerall water. 1691 in Hawick .Archmoi.Soc.
Trans. (1905) 13/2 I[tem] for osters and winiker, brandi and
^pis, \£,\:>- 6. o.
fig. a 1670 Hacket Abp. Williams i. (1693) 59 To stoop
this Vinacre to the very Lees ; some will say [etc.].
fb, ellipt. The accidental conversion of wine
into vinegar. Obs.'~^
1384 R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. xn. xiv. {1886) 201 A
charme against vineager. That wine wax not eager, write
on the vessell [etc. J.
O. With a and pi. A particular kind, or special
preparation, of vinegar.
1839 Ube Did. Arts 13 'ITie fallacy of trusting to the
hydrometer for determining the strength of vinegars. 1875
H. C. Wood Therafi. (1879) 18 Vinegars are those preparations
in which vinegar, or dilute acetic acid, is used as the
menstruum.
2. In allusive use : a^ With reference to the
painful or harsh effect of vinegar on a wound,
or on the teeth (after Prov. x. 26).
1S48UDALL Erasmus Par. Mark ii, 20 He that put in
the vinegre of sorowe, dyd also giue him the oyle of good
hope. 1590 Nashe Mart. Marprcl. Wks. (Grosart) I. 224
It IS vineger to his teeth, and maketh him very sawcie with
his g. of Cant. 1645 Quarles Sol, Recant, in. xii, To
qualify with oyle The soule-afflicting vin'gre of his toyle.
1656 in Clarendon Hist. Reb. xv. § 109 Our desire is . . not to
pour Vineger but Oyl into the wounds.
b. With reference to Hannibal's use of vinegar
in making his way over the Alps, according to
Livy XXI. 37 (cf. Juvenal x. 153).
Cf. the quotation for vinegar- railing in 6.
1636 QuARLEs Eiegie Wks. (Grosart) III. ii/i We cut
our way Through these our Alpine griefes, and badly rise
With the sharp vinegre of suffused eyes. 1776 in Boswell
Johnson 12 Apr., Davies said of a welbknown draniatick
authour, that 'he.. made his way as Hannibal did, by
vinegar ; having begun by attacking people '. 1779 Warner