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VOLUNTABY.
ii. i8 Let no man beguile you of your reward, in avoluntarie
humilitie. 6ai T. Scott Belg. Pismire i The Creatures
subjected to his gouernment, in tlieir voluntarie
obedience. X75« Young Brothers iii. i, I pretend 'twas voluntary
flight To save a brother's blood. 1759 Johnson Rasselas
xxviii, They discover what notliing but voluntary blindness
before had concealed. 1847 S. Austin Kanke's Hist.
Rff. III. 85 'Ihe inhabitants of tne town and country took
a voluntary share in all the changes. " 1877 Mrs. Oliphant
Makers Flor. xv. 386 His exile was voluntary, not forced
like Dante's.
trans/. 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav, (cd, a) 10 The dead are
..laid to sleep in a neat.. dormitory, his Armolets, Bracelets,
and voluntary shackles accompany him. Ibid-^ Many
voluntary rings and fetters of Brasse.
b. Brought about by one's own choice or deliberate
action ; self-inflicted, self-induced.
1548 Elvot s.v. yoitifitaHuSfAIars voiuntaria, volnntAiiG
death. 1576 Y lzmikg Faftopi. Epist. 246 w/ar^., Voluntarie
death ought not to be attempted of any wise man. x6ox
Holland Pliny I. 126 These make profession of voluntarie
death : and . . when they are disposed to die at any time,
they make a great funeral fire [etc.]. 1601 Shaks. yuL C.ii. L
300, I haue made strong proofe of my Constancie, Giuing
my selfe a voluntary wound Heere, in the Thigh. 1781
CowpKR Truth 101 His voluntary pains, severe and long,
Would give a barb'rous air to British song. 1878 Browning
La Saisiaz 6t A law to contravene Voluntary passage from
this life. i8gt Farrar Darkn. ^ Dmvn ix, One of those
creatures, .who, in that age, so often took refuge from a
depraved life in a voluntary death.
O. Entered into of free choice ; also spec, (see
quot. 18S9).
i6xa-i3SiR H. HoBART R eports {^\&^) 149 We know well
that the Primitive Church, .were but voluntarjr Congregations
of beleevers, 1849 Macaui-ay Hist, Eng. li. I. 158 In
some districts. . the ministers formed themselves into voluntary
associations, for the purpose of mutual help and counsel.
1889 Cent. Diet. s.v. Association^ Voluntary association^ in
iaxv, a society which is unincorporated, but is not a partnership,
in that the members are not agents for one another.
i. Done of deliberate intent or purpose; designed,
intentional.
(a) X49S Rolls o/Parlt. VI. 488/1 She theryn \sc. in lands
devised to her]doyng noe voluntary Waste ne Destruccion.
1544 tr. Littletons Tenures (1574) 15b, If the lessee at wil
make voluntarye wast, as in pullingedowne of houses, or in
cuttinge orfellinge of trees. 1766 Blackstone C(Jw//«. II.
281 Waste is cither voluntary, which is a crime of commission,
as by pulling down a house; or it b permissive.
1867 Smyth Sailor*s IVord-bk. 714 Voluntary stranding^
the beaching or running a vessel purposely aground to
escape greater danger.
{h) 1530-1 Act 22 Hen, VIIl^ c 9 § i Consyderyng that.
Toluntary murders [arc] moste highly to be detested and
abhorred. ?a 1600 Perkins (J.), If a man be lopping a tree
and his ax-hcad fall from the nelve,.. and kills another passing
by; here is indeed manslaughter, but no voluntary
murther.
b. Law. Of escapes : Deliberately permitted or
connived at.
x66o Young Vade Mecum {ed. 6) 94 Voluntary [escape) is
when one hath arrested another for felony or other crime,
and doth afterwards suffer him to go whither he will. 1769
Blackstone Contm. IV. 130 Voluntary escapes, by consent
and connivance of the officer, are a much more serious
offence. 1797T0MLINS Jacobus Law Diet. s.v. Escape^ If
the marshal of the King's Bench.. or any other who hath
the keeping of prisons in fee, suffer a voluntary escape, it is
a forfeiture of the office.
5. Of gifts, etc. : Freely or spontaneously bestowed,
rendered, or made ; contributed voluntarily
or by reason ofgenerous or charitable motives,
1580 G. Harvey Let. Spenser S.'s Wks. (1912) 627/2 A
small voluntarie Supplement of his ownc.. in commendation
of hir .. thrice excellent M.-uestie. 1614 Raleigh Hist,
IVorld ii.xv'ii. §8.400 Hecxhoriedallotherstoa voluntary
contribution. X651 Hobbes Lez'iatM. iii. xliL 287 A common
stock of mony, raided out of the voluntary contributions of
the faithfull. i68j Penn in Clarkson Mem,(iZi2) I. 321 Let
the Lord have a voluntary share of your income for the good
of the poor, 17*8 Chambers Q'c/., Charity Schools, are
Schools erected and maintain'd in various Parishes, by the
voluntary Contributions of the Inhabitants. X797BURKB
Regie. Peace'nu Wks. VII I. 359 Nor is it every contribution,
called voluntary, which is according to the free will of the
giver. 1800 A sialic A nn. A' «-., Misc. Tracts 335/ 1 Neither
shall any subsidy be exacted from them,, .what they furnish
shall be vuluntary. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. a) Ilf. 46 The
clergy were supported by the voluntary offerings of their
flocks, ifi^s Lncycl. Metro/. XIII. 918/2 Voluntary contributions
in aid of the national resources. 1897 tVestm. Gaz.
2 Mar. 2/3 Vou have got to go to the school whether you like
to or not, whilst the * voluntary ' part of the maintenance is
just twopence out of every shilling.
II. 6. t a. Of the will, etc. : Free, unforced,
unconstrained. Obs,
1508 Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. cxxx. Wks. (1876) 230 Weknowe
..that almyghty god of his owne voluntary wyll and gracyous
volunty . . redemed vs. 1560 Daus tr. Sleidane't
Conim. 206 Duke Maurice served themperour..of hys ounc
voluntarye mynde. 15631 GoLDiNcCa'Jari. (1565) 33b, Con*
sideryng he off'ered of his own voluntary wil, the ining he
hadde before denied when it was requested,
b. / 'oluntaryfaculty, tlie will.
1867 Ai,DEM Elent, Intell. Philos. xxvi. 261 By the voluntary
faculty, or the will, we mean simply the capacity of the
mind to perform acts of volition.
7. Of jTcrsons : That is such of one's own accord
or free choice ; acting voluntarily, willingly, or
spontaneously in a specified capacity; also, endowed
with the faculty of willing.
1594 Hooker Ecct. Pol, i. iii. $ 2 God did not worke as a
necessary but a voluntary agent. 161 1 Shaks. Cymb. in. v.
158 'ihat thou wilt be a voluntarie Mute to my designe.
164a Fuller Holy ^ Prof. St. 111, xx. 205 No pity is to be
303
shown to such voluntary cripples. 1667 Milton P. L. x.
61 Sending thee Mans Friend, his Mediator, his design'd
Both Ransom and Redeemer voluntarie. 1754 Edwards
Freed. Will 11. iv. 50 The Soul is an active Being in Nothing
further than it is a voluntary or elective Being. 1776 Gibbon
Decl. ^ F. ii. I. 43 These voluntary exiles were engaged, for
the most part, in the occupations of commerce. 1868 Huxley
Lay Sernt. iii. (1870) 46 The greatest voluntary wanderers
and colonists the world has ever seen.
+ b. Serving as a volunteer soldier; that is a
volunteer ; also, composed of volunteers. Obs,
1586 Acts Privy Council N.S. XIV. 55 A Commission . . to
levie.. the number of 150 voluntarie footemen. 1590 Sir J.
Smyth Disc. Weapons Ded. 5 b, The souldiors thereby being
made voluntary, haue obeyed their Captaines no otherwise
than hath oleased themsrlues. 1604 E. Gkimstone Siege
OstendytThe Arch-duke had caused.. a volontarie Gentleman..
to be put in prison. 163a Lithgow Trav. viil 350,
I left Mr. Bruce with a Galley Captaine a voluntary Souldier.
1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. vi. § 249 S' Nicholas
Slanning's, and Colonel Trevannion's Voluntary Regiments.
O. poet. Of a sword : Offered freely or willingly
in aid of some cause.
176X Gray Epit. Sir W. Williams \i. At Aix his voluntary
sword he drew. There first in blood his infant honor seal'd.
180B Scott Martn. iv. Introd., Eleven years we now may
tell, Since, .our hand First drew the voluntary brand.
t8. Favourably inclined or disposed {to do
something) ; willing, ready. Obs.
"597 A. M. Guillemeau's Fr, Chirurg. fiv, I am so voluntarye
to communicate the same vnto certayne of my goode
frendes. 1638 in Picton Lpool Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 133
The greater parte of the Common Councell.. bein^e all
voluntary tendered to lend [to] the lowne for theexpedicion of
the towne's business att London. x668 M arvell Corr, Wks.
(Grosart) II. 263 He should be so much more at liberty to
show how voluntary and affectionate he was to your Corporation.
X74i-a Gray Agrippina 36 When yet a stranger
To adoration, . . and obsequious vows From voluntary realms.
1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts Pref.p. xv. When a successful
king is chief justice, historians become a voluntary jury.
absol. x6xi Bible Ps, xlvii. 9 vxarg.. The voluntarie of the
people are gathered vnto the people of the God of Abraham.
trans/. i6ax G. Sandys Ovitfs Met. 1. (1626) 11 Other
Creatores tooke their numerous birth And figures, from the
voluntary Earth. 1652 Crashaw Carmen Deo Nostra,
Mary Magdalene xxi, That King. .That thus can boast to
be Waited on by a wandring mine, A voluntary mint, that
strowes Warm sylver showres where're he goes !
9. Of institutions : Mamtained or supported
solely or largely by the freewill offerings or contributions
of members or subscribers, and free from
State interference or control.
1745 Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 277 The education of
poor children was all along taken care of by voluntary
charities. 1837 M^Culloch Acc. Brit. Empire 11. 401
Private or Voluntary Schools. 1867 Chambers's Encycl. IX.
647/1 The United Presbyterian Church is . . not only in practice,
but also in theory, a voluntary church. x868 Ibid. X.
651/1 They held that the same objections did not apply to
voluntary organisations [for educational purposes].
b. Of or pertaining to, concerned or connected
with, voluntaryism in respect of the Church or
educational institutions.
1834 Graham in C. S. Parker Life 4- Lett. Ue seid Maire, \>at [etc.). X56a
Child- Marriages 75 The said Henrie did neucr lye with the
said Mavde, nor did cohabete voluntarie together, c 1595
Capt. Wvatt Dudley's Voy. iHakl. Soc.) 34 One of them
voluntarie profered to goe with him into En^lande. 1609
Holland Amm. Marcell. d 4 b, He did this voluntarie,
according to the example of the ancient Decii. 163a J.
VOLUNTARY.
Haywaud tr. BiondCs Eromenalo'Rdt.tAn excuse of my
not voluntary undergoing.. the burthen of this Translation.
167X Milton P. R. n. 394 If of that pow'r 1 bring thee
voluntary What I might have bestow'd on whom 1 pleas 'd.
X710PRIDEAUX Orig. Tithes iii. 145 All should voluntary
pay them in their Offerings at the Church. 1769 Sir J.
Reynolds Disc. \\. (1876) 322 To go voluntary to a tribunal
where he knows he must be humbled.
C. sb. I. 1 1. Free will or choice ; = Voluntt.
In the phrases of^ out of upon^ or at (a person's)
own voluntary y at voluntary.
{a) 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay*s Voy. i. xix. 23 b,
Of theyr owne voluntarie [they] came to surrender^ themselues.
Ibid. 1. xx. 25 The offer [was] made vppon his owne
voluntary. 1590 Greene Mourn. Garm. Wks. (Grosart)
IX. 168 If you were to chuse husbands at your owne voluntary.
x6o6 G. Woodcock Hist. Ivsiine \\. 16 After this
the Spartans, .. out of their own voluntary, inuaded the
borders of their Empire, a 1617 Bavne On Eph. (1643) 317
How canst thou,, .out of thy voluntary, converse with them
who are not sanctified? 1633 J. Done tr. Aristeas' Hist.
Septuagint 59 Uppon his owne voluntary, he came often to
visite the workes.
Kb) 1590 Greene Neuer too late Wks. (Grosart) VIII. 71
Womens flatteries [were] too forceable to resist at voluntarie.
1591 — Conny Catch, n. 11 He began to. .rap out
gogs Nownes, and pronounes, while at voluntarie he bad
sworne through the eight parts of speach in the Accidence.
2. fa- Music added at the will of the performer
to a piece played or sung. Obs,
1565 Jewel Reply Harding (1611) 113 This is the plaine
song, and may well stand for the ground : the rest is altogether
descant and vaine voluntary, and the most part out
of tune. ip97 Morley Introd. Mus. 126 To make two parts
vpon a plaincsong is more hard then to make three parts
into voluntary. Ibid., Rules which may serue him both for
descant and voluntary.
b. A musical piece or movement played or sung
spontaneously or of one*s free choice, esp. by way
of prelude to a more elaborate piece, song, etc.
X598 Florio, Preludio, a proheme in musicke, a voluntary
before the song. i6a8 Ford Lovers Mel. 1. 1, Upon his
instrument he plays so swiftly, So many voluntaries, and so
quick, That [etc.], x66a Playford Skill Mus. i. 60 He
with his Harp.. ending his excellent Voluntary with some
choice Fancy upon this Phrygian Mood. 1688 Holme
Armoury iii. xix. (Roxb.) 154/2 TTie seuerall Beates or
points of warre are these. . . 4. A Voluntary before the
March. 1754 R. Newton CAar. Theophrastus 7 Something
in the nature of a flourish, or of a voluntary before the tune.
a 1785 T. PoTTF.K Moralist II. 134 He took up his flute, and
touched a few notes of the voluntary he had heard the night
before. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair xlviii. Sitting down to
the piano, she rattled away a triumphant voluntary on the
keys.
^g. and trans/ 1603 Hvnd Mirrour Worldly Fame v,
Dancing is the voluntary, which is played before a passage
is made to unlawful desires. 1699 Gaule Holy Madn. 155
Like a fantasticke Musician, he chiefly pleases himselfe;
while he leaues the Grounds, to nm upon the Voluntaries.
1686 Goad Celest. Bodies 11. viii. 2^5 The Lark and the
Thrush sung their Voluntaries. 1712 Steele .S/>«/. No. 504
F I These can . .say you are dull to-day, and laugh a Voluntary
to put you in humour. 1795 Burke Let. to W. Elliot
Wks. 1842 II. 240,1 have been told of the voluntary, which,
for the entertainment of the house of lords, has been lately
played by his Grace. 1814 Scott Wav. xliii, He. .van off in
a wild voluntary of fanciful mirth, a 1881 Rossktti House
o/Li/e ix, This harp still makes my name its voluntary.
O. esp. A piece or solo, usu, consisting of two
or more movements, played upon the organ before,
during, or after any office of the Church ; also, the
music for this.
/«-, Out-voluntary, ihost respectively played at the beginning
and close of a religious service.
171a Steele Speet. No. 503 P2 Now the Organ was to
play a Voluntary, and she., kept time., with some Motion of
her Head. X731 in Abridgm. Specif. Patents, Music (1871)
2 All psalm tunes, fuges, volunterics, and anthems that are
usually sung in churches or chappells. 1779 Phil. Trans.
LXIX. 193 Several voluntaries which he heard . . the organist
play at the Cathedral. i8ox Busby Diet. Mus. s.v., The
voluntary was originally so called, because its performance,
or non-performance, was at the option of the organist. 1837
HooD Ode R. Wilson 398 Let the solemn, swelling, organ
greet, With Voluntaries meet. The willing advent of the rich
and poor. 1870 Anderson Missions Amer. Bd. II. xxxviii.
344 A voluntary skillfully played.. on the powerful organ
belonging to the church.
fig, 1863 CowDEN Clarke Shaks. Char. xvii. 448 This
scene.. will form a choice voluntary as conclusion to our
homily.
t3. A voluntary oath. Obs.~'^
1593 BiLSON Govt. Ckr. Ch. 270 In matters of religion that
touch the peace and safetie of the whole Church of Christ, do
you looke your voluntarie should bee receiued without all
authoritie or testimonie to warrant it?
t 4. An occurrence or event due to some person's
voluntary action. Obs. rare.
1659 Gaule Magastrom. 83 Casualties and voluntaries,
whose events are not so much as probable, as not having
any such causes as aforesaid.
6. An extempore, optional, or voluntary piece of
writing or composition.
1690 Temple Ess., Poetry Wks. 1720 I. 245 The Priapein
. . were little Voluntaries or Ex temporaries, written upon the
ridiculous Wooden Statues of Priapus. 1801 W. Taylor in
Robberds Mem. (1B43) I- 387 If I get Phillips to receive
his voluntaries in the Monthly Magazine, he.. will take
the less pains, i860 Mansfield Sehool-li/e at Winchester
(1870) 107 Praefects and Senior part also were encouraged
to write., a copy of verses on any subject selected by
' '.
themselves, which was called a Voluntary 1876 Lowell
Among my Books Ser. II. 206 At school he wrotesome taskverses
. . and also some voluntaries of his own.
6. A voluntary contribution.