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VICTORY.
enemy or adversary in combat, battle, or war;
sDpremacy or superiority achieved as the result of
armed conHict.
a. With the, as in the phr. to have {get^ wi$t) the
victory. Also const, ^(an enemy, etc.).
13.. A',Aiis.j663 (Laud MS.), Of tioye was )>ermne al
^ story, Hou Grcgeis hatlde:i ^e victory, c 1330 Art/t. e king of gloric, t>athim
hadde ^(Mien be ^ictorie, To ouercomcn his fomen. 1387
Trkvisk Nt^iiem iRoWs) II. 167 pcse men . . bee^» i-wonedto
haue the victorie and |>c maistrie in euerich fijt. ^1400
Desir. Troy 6134 Our ^oddis the gouerne, & soche grace
ienc, pat |k)u the victone wyn, thi worship to saue. c 1400
Maunoev. (Roxb.) ii. 5 When any man had t>e victory of
his cnmy. cs4ao Lydg. Assembiy 0/ Gods loii To wete
whydie of hem shuld haue the victory, thid. 1790 Thus
they contynu fyght for the victory. ^1440 Gesta Rom. iv.
9 (HarL MS.), So )ns yong kny^t . . fought with the enemeys,
and wan Jw victorie. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, xxxvi.
(Percy Soc.) 190, I.. for her sake shalbe invincible Of tliis
great monster to have the victoiy. 1535 Covkrdalk Dan.
vii. 21, I behelde, and the same home made battail agaynst
the sayntes, yee and gat the victory off them. 159s Kyd
Span. Trag. I. ti. 64 In all this turmoyle, three long houres
and more, The victory to neither part inclinde. i6ix Bible
2 Mitcc. xii. II Whereupon there was a very sore battell;
but ludas side. .got the victory. 1647 Hexham i. s.v.. To
Carrie away the victorie, x666 Pepvs Diary 29 July, A
tetter from Sir W. Coventry tells me that we have the victory.
1737 L. Clarke Hist. Bible (1740) I. ix. 580 For
Lathyros having gotten the Victory, pursued it to the
utmost. 1777 Brand Pop. Antiq. 374 This so encouraged
the Grecians, that they fought strenuously, and obtained
the Victory over the Persians, x8ii G. Bruce Poems 8(
Songs 19 To him.. Wha. .can the victory bestow On those,
who to his precepts bow.
b. Witiiout article.
137s Babboux Bruce i. 473 With few folk thai had wictory
On mychty kingts. Ibid. 111.234 Scipio..has o£f the tempHs
tane llie army3..In name off wictory ofFerryt that. 1398
Trevisa Bartfu De P. R. v. xxiiu (Bodl. MS.), J>e cok
crowi^after bataile & victorie. X4»~ao Lydg. Chron. Troy
I. 3863 Nor in armys conquest nor victorie Ben not assured
vp^n multitude. 1457 Hardvng Chron. in Eng. Hist. Rev.
Oct. (1912) 748 Of his fose he had ay vyctory. I5»6 Pilgr.
Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 15 By the whiche they crucifye the
worlde, and hath victory of it. 1535 Coverdale Ps. Ixxx viii.
43 Thou hast taken awaye the strength of his swerde, and
geuest him not victory in the battayll. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen,
yit IV. t. 147 Why so ; then am I sure of victorie. Now
therefore let vs hence. 1654-66 Earl Orrery Parthen.
(1676) 515 Surena covered with Blood and Victory came to
my Chamber. 1788 Gibbon Decl.^ F. xliii. IV. 282 Victory
is'thc fruit of moral as well as military virtue. 1791 Cowper
Iliad xvii. 681 For him Jove leads to victory. 1839 James
Louis XIV, I. 144 In following up the flying squadrons
of Grammont and Chalxit, [he] suffered victory to escape
from bis hands. 1847GKOTE Greece 11. xxxi. IV. 229 Victory
still continued on the side of Athens. x88x F. W. H. Myers
IVortiswortk 80 When in victory.. Nelson passed away.
C. personif,
xs^ B. Googe Eglogs^ etc. (Arb.) 124 In fyne lo Viclorye
at bande.., Bent for to spoyle our Foes of Fame.
X594 Shaks. Rick. Ill, v. iii. 79 Fortune, and Victorj; sit
on thy H el me. 1667 Milton P. L. vi. 762 At his right
hand yictorie Sate Eagle-wing'd. 1783 Crabbe Village 11.
152 Victory seems to die now thou art dead. i8so Keats
Hyperion 11. 342 That was before we knew the winged
thing. Victory, mi^ht be lost, or might be won. 1885
Harper sMag. ApnlSiQ/a He. .has now fallen in the arms
of victory.
d. Used interjectionally as an expression of
triumph or encouragement. (Cf. Victoria i i.)
1591 Shaks. i Hen. Vf^ iv. vi. i Saint George, and
Victory; fight Souldiers^ fight. XS93 — 3 Hen. F/, v. L
113 Lords to the field: Saint George, and Victorie. x68i
Flavel Metk. Grace xxviiL 479 The day of a believer's
death is better than the day of his birth. Never till then,
do we put off our armour, sheath our sword, and cry
victory, victory. 1817 Shelley Rev. Islam v. Song vi,
Victory, Victory to the prostrate nations ! xSsx — Hellas
948 Victory 1 Victory ! Russia's famished eagles Dare not
to prey beneath the crescent's light.
2. An instance or occasion of overcoming an adversary
in battle, etc. ; a triumph gained by force
of arms.
Cadmean, Pyrrkic victory: see those words. Moral
victory : see Moral ir. 7 c.
« . . Sir Benes (A.) 2500 Ol'te he J^ankede (?e king in glori
Of "grace & is viktori. a 1340 Hami'OLE Psalter xxiiL i
A bedel, |iat efterc be victory cries t>at all >e land is be
victors. cx38s Chaucer L. G. IV. Prol. 22 These olde
aprouede storyis Of holynesse, of regnys, of victoryis, Of
louc, of hate [etc.]. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.)
3 Lyke for Davyd afiyr his victory Reyjoyssed whas alle
Jcnisalcm. xa6o Capgrave Chron. 33 The ix. {labour of
Herculesj is the gret victorie of the beste Achildes, that
blewe out fyre at his mowth. 1508 Dunbar Poems vii. 66
Al parlament thow suld be hyerenownit, Thatdid so mony
viciorysc opteyn. 1584 Powel Lloyd's Cambria u Let vs
. .choose vnto vs a head, to leade, direct, and gouerne vs,.
sith without a head, there is no victorie to be looked for.
x6oi Chcster Lov^s Mart. 33 This Brytish King in warres
a Conqueror, And wondrous happie in his Victories. 1659
B. Habus Parivats Iron Age 53 Where, after they have
been repulsed or routed, they have rallyed. and carried
a*»y nwny glorious victories. 1769 Kobert^om Chas. V,
lu. P35 The victory at Villalar proved as decisive as it was
complete. X815 Morning Chron. 22 June, We stop the
pr««» to announce the most brilliant and complete Victory
wr obtained by the Duke of Wellington. 1856 Froude
Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 00 The victory was great; but, like
many victories it was fatal to the conquerors.
8. Supremacy or superiority, triumph or ultimate
success, in any contest, struggle, or enterprise.
a. With the J or in pi., etc.
188
X3.. Leg. Rood (1871) 88 Mak yi^ in Y^ne armes forj^i,
|>an sail ^ou haue ^»e victori. a X340 Hampolf. Psalter xxvi.
6, I hope J>e victory thoro his help. 1377 Langl. P. PL B.
111. 331 Se what Salamon seith in Sapience bokes, That hij
bat ^iueth^ifies J^e victorie wynnelh. 14. . Tundale's lis. 88
Whom [5C. martyrs] Cryst Jesu eternally in gloryOrdeyned
hath a palme of his victory. 1526 Tindale i ^ohn v. 4
This is the victory that ouer commeih the worlde, euen oure
fayth. 1573-80 Harvey Lett. Wks. (Grosari) 1. 136 From my
chamber the daye after mye victorye. 1597 Hooker Eccl.
Pol. V. IxxL §7 Such is euer-more the finall victorie of all
truth. ? 1639 J. Taylor (Water P.) Part Summers 7'ravels
33 (Hindley, HI), The cooks hath laid small Isles of mutton,
which you may invade With stomach, knife and spoon...
With these, the victory you cannot fail. 1683 Norris
Passion o/Saviour 130 This little Victory He won, Sbew'd
what He could have done. J697 Drydf.n Virg. Georg. iii.
164 Observe, if he disdains to yield the Prize ; Of Loss ini.
patient, proud of Victories. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. (Globe)
598 But I hope I have got t!ie Victory over my self. X779
buKKE Corr. (1844) 11.273 We have obtained two victories,
..victories, not over our adversaries, but over our own
passions and prejudices. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi.
II. 74 The victory of the cabal of evil counsellors was therefore
complete. X876 Mozley Univ. Serm. v. (ed. 2) 189
The victory over the terror of death, in self-devotion produces
the highest state of mind.
b. Without article.
c X315 Shoreham vii. 407 Hy^t moste neades for ^je glorye,
Elles hedde y.faylled fyctorjre. X340 Ayenb. 167 Wyi>-oute
pacience non ne het> uictorie. X38a Wyclif Prov. xxii. 9
Victorie and worshipe shal the] purchace, that ^eueth 5iftis.
y )>y
name. 1447 Hokknham Seyntys (Roxb.) 85 He wyl now
defcndyn me, And of al thi serpentys me victrych make.
1500-20 Dunbar Poems lxx.xv. 63 Empryce of pryss, ..
Victryce of wyce, hie genetrice Of Jhesu. 1533 Annf
Boleyn^s Coronal, in Furniv. Ballads fr. MSS. uS^Sj I,
399 He kncwe, certes, that you, victrice, of ail ladies Should
haue the piice of worihynes. 1567 Drant Horace, Ep. x.
U viij. The victris hath a swifte recourse by stealth unto her
place. ? 1633 B. JoNSON Underwoods, Lady V. Digby ix.
96 And, ill her hand With boughs of Palme, [to have] a
crowned Victrice stand,
11 Victrix (vi-ktriks).
tor.] A female victor;
[L., fem. ol victor Vic-
a victress.
165X Biggs Neiv Disp. P 113 Before Nature is victrix in
diseases.
digested
x67a (Tuke] {title). Souls Warfare, Comically
into Scenes Acted between the Soul and her
Enemies, Wherein she comctli off Victrix. 17x6-90 Lett,
/r. Mist's Jrnl. (1J22) I. 174 Carried away by the triumphant
Victrix, who will be proud of the Conquest. X779 G.
Keate Sketches /r. Nat. (ed. 2) II. 9 The victrix has it
[a smockj slipped over her running dress, and marches off
triumphant. X853 C. Bronte Villette xxxii, In his victrix
he required all that was here visible. X895 E. J. Dillon in
Conte.iip. Rev. Nov. 620 A war w hich, if Russia prove the
victrix, will deliver Constantinople and the Balkan Peninsula
into her hands.
Victual.C^^t 1)' •^'^- Forms: a. 4-6 vitaile (4
-aille), vitayle (5 -aylle), 5 vitayll, 5-6 -ail(l;
4-6 vytayle (5-6 -aylle, 5 Sc. wytaylle), 5-6
vytaile (5 -aille), 5 -ayl(l ; 4-5 vetaille (4
-aile), 5 vetayle, 6 -ay 11 ; 5 Sc. wittail(e, -aill,
wytaill,
wictaill,
6 vittayle, -aile, 6-7 vittail ; 5 Sc,
6 -ayll, -ayle, vectayll, 6-7 victail.
&. (Chiefly Sc) 5 vitt-, vet-, 6 vict-, 5-6 vyt-,
vitale; 5 wit(t)-, wyt-, wet-, wictale. 7. 5-6
vital! (6 -al, witall), 5 vytall, 6-al; 5-6 vitell
(5 vet", wetell), vitel, 5 fyt-, 6 vytel(l ; 5
•wetyl; 6vitoll. 5. 5 vittale, 5-6 vittail, 5 (9)
vittal ; 5-6 vittell (5 wytt-, 6 wett-, vyttell),
6, 8, dial.^ vittel, 6-7, 8-9 Jial. vittle (7 victle),
9 dial, fittle, wittle. €. 6 wyltuel, wittual,
7 vittual, 8 vitual ; 6 viotuayle, ^V. "wictuale,
victuale, -wale, -uel(l, 5-7 victuall (6 wictuall,
-wall), 6 vyctual, 6- victual, [a. AF. and OF.
vitaile., -aille (OF. also vitale., -alle, vittalle, victailie)
fem, :— late L. victtmlia, neut. pi. of post-
classical L. victudlisj f. r;zV/«j food, sustenance : cf.
Frov. vit^o)alha, Sp. vitualla, Pg. vitualha. It.
vettovaglia. The variant OF. and mod.F. form
victuaille has been assimilated to the L. original,
and a similar change in spelling has been made in
English, while the pronunciation still represents
the forms vittel, vittle, (See also Vitaly.)]
1. collect. Whatever is normally required, or may
naturally be used, for consumption in order to
support life; food or provisions of any kind.
Occasionally applied to food for animals, but more com.
monly restricted to that of persons.
a. X303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 10555 V was wunt to
lede vytayle To kny^ies t>at were yn batayle. 13.. Sir Beues
(A.) 3025 Al t>us l>emperur haj> him di^t.-par to schipeswi^
gode vitaile. c X385 Chaucer L.G. fV. 1488 HyPsipyle,
Askynge hem a-noon If they were broken or woo begoon Or
hade nede of lodesmen or vitayle. 1399 Langl. Rich.
Redeles in. 371 Devourours of vetaile t>at foujten er J^ei
paide. a X417 York Memor. Bk. (Surtees) I. 222 r ysshe and
other vitaill ar ofte tymes conceled..in this citee. c X450
Mirk's EestialgZ He schuld haue vii ^ereplente|>eof come
and all oJ>er vytayle. a xjoo in C. Trice-Martin Chanc.
Proc. iSth C. (1904) 4 Yf the dette besurmysed to growe by
the hying or sellyng of any maner of vetayll. a XS33 Ld.
BURNERS HuoH xlvi. 156 He shall departe in this lytell
shyppe..and take vytayle in to it for there prouy.syon.
a x^ Hall Chron., Hen. VI, 105 By that waie neither
man nor vitaill could passe or come. X548 Patten Exped.
Scotl. Pref. a viij b. The time and place whan and whither
they shall cum, and with bow much prouision of vitail.
X59S KvD Sol. «5- Pers. iii. 1. 50 Footemen . . well exercised
ill war ; And, as it seemes, they want no needful vitiaile.
j3. X375 Barbour Bruce ix. i68Quhar thai mycht get Till
thame and thairis vittale and met. c X375 Sc. Leg, Saints
XXX. (Theodera) 425 pai ordenyt hyr fare out-rydere, par
witale to be house to by. c 1400 Vwaine ^- Gaiv. 1873 Syr
Alers,.. with swith grete vetale. Come that kastel toasayle.
1^7 Act 3 Hen. VII, c. ix. §3 That every freman..may
iede, cari^, and goo, with his or their Vetale, Ware or merchaundi.se.
a X500 Bermxrd. de cura rei /am. (E.E.T.S.)
110 Geff thow. .base lo sel wetale in gret substance, Se be
na way na derth ^at thou desyre,
y. c 1400 Destr. Troy 5176 In J at prouyns is plenty all
of prise vitell. Of corne, & of catell. X47a Presentmts. 0/
Juries in Surtees Misc. (1890) 23 We say y* yer have boght
of latcunsesanabyll wety), y^ is to say. feche& herrynge,
bothe Thom Smythe & John Clyffe. Ibid. 27 For brynghyng
in of wetell for the welfare ot comhons. .: X475 Henrvson
Fables, Twa Mice 102 (Bann. MS.), Thair barbery wes tane
In till a spens with vitail of grit plentie. XSX3-4 Act 5 Hen.
VIII, c. 6 The great scarcyte of grayne and vytell at this
present tyme. X53X in I. Bulloch Pynours (1887) 61 The
berne of salt, .and all wther witall.. borne be the Pynouris.
X538 Starkev England \. iii. 74 In so much that vytel and
nuryschment suffycyent for them can skant here be found.
1570 Levins Manip. 13 Vital!, /*««, victus.
h. c 1480 IVyntoun's Crcn. I. 564 (MS. E.), Within (mt ile ar
citeis ten Stufht with wtttall gud and men. X483 Cely Papers
(Camden) 108 They schall lacke no men nor vettell. 1494
Ace. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 247 For a bayte that careit
the wrychtis and thar wyttell to the toche, vs. X573-80
Tusser Husb. (1878) 41 Twise a day giue him fresh vittle
and drinke. X599 Dallam in Early Voy. Levant (HakL