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VIIiLANEIiLA.
I VlUanella (vilane-la). PI. -elle. [It., fern.
iSvillam//o rural, iMslicj i. vtl/afw: see Villa in
s6, and a.] (See later quots.)
1597 MoRLKY Introci. A/us. iii. 180 Though many times
the dittie be fine enough, >*et because it carrictli that name
yiiiatuUa ihey uke those disallowances as being good
enough for plow and cart. 1667 C. Simpson Compemi Mus.
159 Then, Cansonets, Vilanella^s, Airs of all sons ; or what
else Poetry hath contrived to be set and Sung in Mustek.
tHence in R. Holme Anttottry (1688) in. 159/2I >«>"
BusBV Did. Aftis.. I ilUnelln, the air of an old rustic
dance, the time of which was gay and brisk, and the measure
suongly marked. 18B4 W. S. Rockstbo in Grove Diet.
flfns. IV. 264 I'iliaHeiia^ an unaccompanied Part-Song, of
light rustic character, sharing, in about equal proportions,
the characteristics of the Canzonetta, and the Balletta.
Villanelle (vilane-1). Also 6 villanell, 7 -el.
[a, F. viilanelUy ad. It. viUamlla : see prec. In the
first quot. i>erh. an Anglicizing of the Italian word.]
1 1. = prec. Obs.
a 1586 Sidney Anadia, etc. (1629) 535 To the tune of a
Neapolitan Villanell. 1603 Tlorio tr. Moniaistte i. liv. 170
The ViltafulUs, homely gigges, and countrie songs of Gasconie.
1685 Cotton tr. Montaigne (1711) i. Hv. I. 472.
2. A poem of fixed form, usually of a pastoral
or lyric nature, consisting normally of five threelined
stanzas and a final quatrain, with only two
rhymes throughout.
The first and third lines of the first stanza are repeated
alternately in the .succeeding stanzas as a refrain, and form
a final couplet in the quatrain.
1877 GossE in Comhitl Mag. July 65 It appears that
vtll^elles may be any length, if only they retain this number
and arrangement of rhymes. 1877-8 Henley in BaU
lades ff Rondeaus (Canterb. Poets) 252 A dainty things
the Villanelle. Sly, musical, a jewel "in rhyme, It serves
its purpose passing well 1886 C. Dick Models etc 90 A
Vacation Villanelle.
Vi'Uaner. rare. [f. Villan + -er i.] = Villan.
186a TouLMiN Smith Pari. Reniemh. Oct. 189 The * Inquisitio
Eliensis ' states that book to have been the record
of an inqubition made on the oaths of the priest, the provost
and six villaners of every Vill.
Villar (vi-lai), sb, and a. rare, [ad. L. villdris^
f. villa Villa : see -ab.] a. sb. A peasant hold-
ing land in the feudal vill; a villein, b. adj.
Pertaining or relating to, concerned with, the
feudal vill or vills.
1874 A. P. Forbes S. Ninlan ^ S. Kentigern Notes 313
Stephen gave his forest of Fumess. .a fishery at Lancaster,
and one or twoviliars with their property. 1897 Maitland
Domesday fif Beyond 13 Manorial and fiscal geography
interferes with physical and villar geography.
Villarsite (vila-Jsait). Min. [a. F. villarsiUj
f. the name of the French botanist D. Villars
(1745-1814): named in 1842 by Dufrenoy.] A
hydrous silicate of magnesium occurring massive
or in rounded grains at Traversella, Piedmont.
S846 Worcester (citing Dana). 1850 Ansted EUm. Geol.^
MiM.t e.tc §429 ^V//arj/^^, silicate of magnesia with iron and
manganese. 1855 Orr's Circ. Sei., Ceoi., etc. 511 Villarsite.
— Prismatic, ..Translucent. Col[our], yellowish-green. 1889
A. Irving Metamorphism pf Rock 55 Villarsite, which
agrees with olivine in crystal form and optical characters,
contains 4 to 6.2 per cent, of water.
Villate (viiA), Hist. [ad. med.L. vUlata,
f. L. viiia Villa.] A feudal territorial division
consisting of a number of vills.
The Latin term has had some currency in English historical
works.
1897 Leader Rec. Burg. Sheffield p. xxvi. Proceedings
were taken against the constable and villate of Wakefield.
Villatic (vilse'tik), a. [ad. L. viUdtic-us^ f.
villa Villa.] Of or pertaining to a villa or villas,
or the inhabitants ; esp. (after the original sense of
villa'), rural, rustic ; village-.
The Miltonic passage has been freely echoed in the 19th c.
see the first group of quots. and 1822-56 in (^).
(a) 1671 Milton Samson 1695 The perched roosts, And
nests in order rang'd Of tame villatic Fowl. x82a Lamb
Corr. (1870) 164 Widgeon, snipes, barn-door fowls, ducks,
geese—your tame villatic things. 1889 Gd, Words Nov.
786/2 [Jacob] herding the tame villatic sheep of his father.
{^i X75> Johnson Rambler No. 147 f8 He.. consulted with
her . . how I might be . . disencumbered from villatick bashful.
ness. 1771-J Ess,fr.Batchelor{\T]-i) 1. 162 Two rebellious
enchanters, whom villatic rusticity styled, Cow-herd^—or
Cow-boys. 1822-56 De Quincey Confess. App. 284 Little
asteroids that formed ample inheritances for the wants of
this or that provincial squire, of this or that tame villatic
squireen. 1846 l.oyini.h Biglow P. Sen i. ix. Introd., A feeling
of villatic pride in beholding our townsman occupying
so large a space in the public eye.
+ Ville '. Afiat. Obs. [ad. L. villus Villus.]
= Villus ^. (Only in pL)
c 1400 Lan/ranc's drurg. 30 fe corde whanne he entri)>
into be brawn is departid into many smale J>redif , & J>ei ben
clepid villes \v.r. vylles)— )jat is to seie wrappingis. & b^se
villes ben of iij. manner. 1541 Copland GuydorCs Quest.
Chirurg. Ij b. Of what villes is the stomacke composed ? 1562
BuLLEiN Bulwarkcy Dial. Sorenes 9f Chir. 26 Iskyng [ =
yexingj proccdyng of driyng of the villes of the stomacke.
+ Ville 2, etc., varr. Fille^, chervil. Obs.
c 1265 Voc. Plants in Wr.-Wulcker 557 Cer/oliujUy i. cerfoil,
L villen. 01387 Sinon. Barthol. (Anecd. Oxon.) 15
Cer/oUum, \. villes. Ibid. 43 Ville, cerefolium.
V ille, obs. f. Vill ; var. Kills ^ Obs.
II Villeggiatnra (viled,:5at7iTa). Also (incorrectly)
villegiatura. [It., f. vilUggiare to live at a
villa or in the country, f. villa Villa.] Residence
208
at a country villa or in the country; a holiday 1
spent in this way.
174a Walkole Let. id Mann 1 Nov., 1 don't wonder that
she hales the country; I dare to say her child does not owe
its existence to the Villcggiatura. 1765 Smollett Trav.
xxix. (1766) U. 80 The mountain of Viterbo is covered with
beautiful plantations and villas belonging to the Roman
nobility, who come hither to make the villegiatura in
summer. 1822 Sheli.ev Prose Wks. (1880) IV. 284 Lord 1
Byron is in villeirgiatura, near Leghorn. 1845 Pkescott |
in Li/e LongfcUo-M (1891) II. 22 We V^t^owrvi/leggiatura j
at Pepperell, not fliuing at all to Nahant thi^ summer. 1885 |
Times fwkly. ed.) 18 Sept. 15/3 ITheyJ occasionally left j
the cares and dignity of the Vice-iegal Lodge to come
down for a quiet villegiatura here.
So II Villegiature. Obsr^ [V\ ville^ialurc]
1740 Corr. betw. C'tess Hartford f^ C'tess Panfret (1805)
II. 172, I am sorry the nobility of Florence diti not defer
their villegiature till Christmas.
Villein (vi-l/n). Now Hist. Forms :-o. 4
vilein, 4-5 vileyn, 5 veleyn, 6 vylleyne, 6-7
villeine, 6- villein, 8-9 villeyn; also 6-7 villen.
/3. 5 vylayn, 5-6 -ayne, 6 vynayn(e,
villayne, 6-7 villaine, 6- villain (7 vilain).
[a. AF. villein {vilein^ -eyn, vyleyn^ etc.), var.
villain^ etc., Villain sb. Both types of spelling
have been freely employed for this special sense of
the word, and the tendency to use the form villain
has increased in recent years.]
1. One of the class of serfs in the feudal system ;
spec, a peasant occupier or cultivator entirely subject
to a lord {villein in gross Guess sb^- 2 e) or
attached to a manor {villein regardant Regardant
a. 1) ; a tenant in villeinage; also applied to a
person regarded as holding a similar position in
other communities, a bondsman, t Hence formerly
in general use, a peasant, country labourer, or lowborn
rustic.
a. a 1325 MS. Raivl. B.S20 fol. 56 b, Also lith assise after
excepcion of villenage ^if )}Zt vileyn vnder hi=; louerdes
power purchasede ani lond. 1390 Gower Conf \l\, 325
Nou lete we this maiden hiere, And speke of Dionise ayein
And of Theophile the vilein, Of whiche I spakof nou tofore.
[Cf. p. 320, 1. 1358.] C1400 Maundev. (1839) 191 Olifauntz..
that he makethe for to ben brought up amonges bis Vileynes.
c X450 LovELiCH Merlin 1 1625 And while the veleyn
hadde seyd al this, Evere stood sire Vlphyii and herkened,
j-wys. 1587 HoLiNSHED Chron. (ed. 2) III. 1109/1 In case
my aduersaries villen or bondman be impaneled, I may
lawfuUie chalenge him. 1590 Swinburne Testaments 34
Amongest the second sort are comprehended such as lacke
freedome, & full liberty, as bond-slaue, slaues, and villeines.
1620 J. Wilkinson Courts Baron 146 If any_ Villeine
or Bondman of blood hath purchased any land within
his Lordship, the Lord may seise both it and such villeines
goods at his pleasure. 1648 D. Jenkins Wks. loTheVilleine
of a Lord, in the presence of the King cannot be seized
X699 Temple Hist. Eng. 65 The Villens, that held nothing
but at the Will of the Landlord. 1765 IJlackstone Connn.
1.72 Villeins might be enfranchised by manumission. 1775
Archaeol. III. 80 Is it probable, that two day labourers, and
at that time villeins, should have any fine to compound?
x8x8 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 1. 256 After the conquest the
estates of the great lords were cultivated by their villeins.
1848 LvTTON Harold i. v, The villeins are many and their
hate is strong. 1875 K. E, Digby Real Prop. {1876) 51
If the villein could not depart from the land, no more could
the lord remove him so long as he rendered the service due
to the lord.
fig. X607 HiERON IVks. I. 333 The scorner and scoffer at
the word, is euen a villen to his own piofanenes.
$. 1470-85 Malory Arthur \mi. iii. 277 Tliat..alle men
of worship maye disseuer a gentylman fro a yoman, and
from a yoman a vyiayne. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 148/2 It
happed upon a day that he tormented a vylayn or a carle
for the couetyse of hys good. 1532 Dial. Laws Eng. 11.
xliii. P V, Yf a vyilayn be made a preste, yet neuertheles the
lorde may sease his goodes. a X548 Hall Chron., Hen. VI,
104 There were slain and taken foure hundred gentlemen
and the villaines frankely let go. 1570 Lambarde Peramb.
Kent 452 Bondseruants, which we do now sence call by
a strained worde Villaines, ar not here talked of. 1600
Holland Ziz^y xLv.xliv. 1233 b, This K[ing]. .waswont. .to
acknowledge & cal himselfe the freed villaine and vassaile
of the people of Rome. 1622 Bacon Henry VII, 156 John
Cut, . . Henry Wyat, and such other Caitifes and Villaines of
Birth, have beene the principall Finders. X698 Fryer Acc.
E. India