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VICE.
6. A tool used for drawing lead into grooved rods
for lattice windows.
1706 Philups (ed Kersey), Vice^ . .an Instrument with two
Wheels made use of to draw the Lead in Glazing-work. 1718
Chambers Cycl. s,v., Ihere are some of these Vices double,
and that will draw two Leads at once. 1815 J. Nicholson
Operat. Meckattic 638 A vice, with different cheeks and
cutters, to turn out the different kinds of lead as the magnitude
of the window or the squares may require.
7. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) i vice-door,
-foot (sense ; 3) t vUe-candlestick, -hasp, -nail, -pi^j
•4urcas ; (sense 5) vice-bench^ -block, -board, -end,
-Jaw, -iegt -maker, -pin, -post, -screw, etc. ; f vioearoh
(see quot.) ; vice-hand (see quot. ; in mod.
use = next) ; vioe-man, a workman who manipu-
lates a vice (cf. quots.). Also Vice-like a.2
Also zHce-cap^ -chimps -press (Knight, 1875-84).
1387TREVISA Higden. (Rolls) IL 71 pere were somtyme
buldcs wib •vice arches andfonteslr.r voutesjin Jjemanere
of Rome (L. Romano more cocleata\ 1850 We ale Diet.
Terms, * Vice-bench, the bench to which a vice is fixed.
1895 Afodel Steam Engine 94 "Vice Blocks.—Of various
sizes, shapes, and patterns, used as supports upon which to
bend tubes. 1808 A. Scott Poevts 140 An' Vulcan loud,
wi' squeakin clang. Was at the *vice-board rispin Fu' soon
that day. 157a m Feuillerat Revels Q. Eliz. (1908) 176
*Vice candlesticks xii, xiis. iS?^-? ^bid. 263, y^ vice,
candlestidces at xij* the peece, vj». 1687 Miege Gt. Fr.
Diet. I, Mdchoires d'Etau,. .*yice'chops, or the Chops of
a Vice. «3S4 Afem, Ripon (Surtees) IlL 91 In mercede..
reparantis serur. et claves del *Vicedores in ecclesia. 1463
Bury Wills (Camden) 29 Seynt Marie preest tohaueakeye
of mycost of the vys dore goyng vp to the candilbem. 1501
Vatton Churchtv. Ace, (Som. Rec. Soc.) 125 A Key , . for y«
fyce door, isis-3 Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1905) 281 Nayles
for l>e gamettes on the v^-se dore in the steple. 1875 Car.
Pentry fy Join. 35 At the left hand or *vice-end of the bench.
IS33 in E. Law Hampton Crt. Pal. (1885) 348 The dore at
the *\'>'ce fote goj-ng up to the bartyllmentes of the haull,
1644 BuLwEB Chiron. 76 The *Vice-hand or Thumb, extended
out with the Eare.Finger. 161J in Halyburtott's
Ledger (1867) 332 *Vice haspes the dozen, xiis. 1793-4
Mattkews^s Bristol Directory, Austin, Aaron, Clock and
*Vice-maker, Old-market. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade^
*Vice-fnaker^ a manufacturer of iron vices. 1837 W. B.
Adams Carriages 179 The business of the *vice-man is to
file and smootTi the work from the rough marks of the
hammer, to fit joints, and finish screw-bolts and nuts. 1858
SiMMOSDs Diet. Trade, Vice-men, smiths whose work is
at the vice instead of the anvil. 1488-92 Ace. Ld. High
Treas. Scot. I. 85 A grete "vice nail maid of siluer. 1501
Ibid, IL 26 For mending of ane vice nale of the Kingis
cowp that was hrokin. x63X F. Markham Bk. IVar i. ix.
34 His screwes, with which he shall unloose euery *vicepinne
or epgine about the musquet. a 1642 Sir W. SIonson
Naval Tracts 111. (1704) 353/2 They neither want Vice- Pins
nor Scourers. 1694 Motteux Rabelais v. vii. 28 The Hole
for the Vice-pin. 1833 J. Holland Mann/. Metal 11. 145
The vice-pin miendedto be screwed . . is placed in the stock.
Ibid. 146 A very simple machine used for cutting •vicescrews.
1549-50 Burgh Rec. Stirling (1887) 58 The gret
scheris, ane taingis, ane *vice turkes.
t Vice, sb:-^ Obs. Also 4 viis, vijs, wijs, 4-5
viys (4 uiys, 5 vyys) ; 4 vis, vys(e ; 5 vyce.
[a. OF. vis :—L. vis-um, visas face.] Face, visage.
Common in the first half of the 14th century.
axyxi Cursor M. 18841 His vice [r/.rr. vijs, viys] sumdel
wit rede was blend ;
On neseand muih was noght at mend.
rt 1325 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 144 As we.. went
toward paradys; \iyxs he hot him in t>e viis. 1338 R. Brunnk
Chron. (1810) 104 Vnto Jie se side chaced J>ei Sir Lowys, He
durst not abide, no turne Thebald his vis. ?t:x4oo Emare
742 Leue we at |je lady, clere of vyce. cx^oa Laud Troy
Bk. 7733 His vice was red as any nr.
Vice, sb.^ Obs, exc. dial. Also 4 vyse, 6 vise,
.5V. wice, vyce, 9 dial, viae. [Aphetic f. avise,
azyftf, etch, Advice.] Counsel; advice.
1387-8 T. UsK Test. Love i. ii. (Skeat) 1. 60 Now thou
comest goodly by thyn owne vyse, to comforte me with
wordes. a 1500 Lancelot 1909 Alot euery king have this
wice in mynd In tyme. c 1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) v.
23 Sic sen^eoris tymis our weill this sessone ; Vpoun thair
vyce war lang to waik.
a 1847 ^^^' ofWight Gloss. (E. D.S.) 40 Vice, or Kiz^.advice.
fvice, -Ti^.^ Obs, Also 5 vyce, 6 vyse. [Aphetic
f. Device.] Design, figure, device.
a x^oo-sa Alexander 1539(0.), A vesture of vyce of vyolet
flourez. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. (Percy Soc.) 180 On the
fourth head, on the helmet crest There was a stremer ryght
white, ..Wheron was written with vyse of the best, My
name is Variaunce. a 1650 Sir Lambewell 116 in Furniv.
Percy Folio I. 148 In that pauillion was a bed of price that
was couered ore with goodhe vice.
Vice (vais), sb.^ Chierty .SV. [a. L. vice, ab!.
oivicis (gen. sing.), change, turn, stead, place, etc.]
L Stead or place (of another). Now rare.
1598 Florio, Vece, stead, place, Hew, vice, standing for
another. 1607 Hume Admonit. (Bannatyne CL) 13 If suche
a man, indewed with so gryte giftis, did so, Who ar ye title
ones to succede wittinglie in his vice? 167J Burgh Rec.
Aberdeen (1872) 283 Nominating and setleing ane postmaster.
.in the deceist John Wells his vice. x68i Stair
^
Instit. I. xix. § 55. 397 Succeedincj in the vice is a kind of
intrusion, whereby after wammg any person romes in
possession, by consent of the parties warned. 1838 \V. Bell
Diet. Law Scot. 1027 I'he person succeeding in the vice.
will be subjected as an intruder, unless he have a colourable
title of possession to protect him. xW& Act 31 ^ ^2
Vic. c. loi 5 105 The mediate over superior, as acting m
the vice of such superior.
\ 2. Turn (of sequence or alternation). Obs.
1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) 356 It was Mr
Thomas Sydserf his vice to have sermon that day in the
Grayfrier kirk. 167a Burgh Rec. Aberdeen (1872) 279 Ane
..watch of the inhabitants [to] be setled,..and no person to
178
be absent in their vice without sicVnes.-or vther lawfuU
excuse. X711 Ibid. 344 That the saids elementarians. .be
taught for this vice be Mr. William Mestone. 1775 L. Shaw
Hist. Moray 357 After this, the Family of Seafort claimed a
Vice [of nomination]. \'j^iStatist.Acc.Scot.'^\\.-^\'^^s%x%.
Alexander Hamilton, .and Cunningham of Sea-bank are
vice-patrons [of the parish]. The former has the next vice.
Vice
(vais), sb^ Also 6 vise. [Absolute use
of Vice- prefix^ One who acts in the place of
another ; a substitute or deputy.
In mod. use the second element is usually implied or expressed
in the context, as in quot. 1852.
"597 Harvkv /"nw/w//;/^ 7'. iVaf//^ Wks. (Grosart) hi. 17
The Barbers were serued and they cut them, and were as
loues Vises to make them fit for warre. 1728 Chambers
CycL, Deputy^ is.. frequently used among us, for an Office,
or Employ, not a Dignity; and stands indifferently for a
Vice, or Lieutenant. x8ii Ora ^ Jitliet II. 180 Lord Ber.
Ungton offered himself as Henry's Vice, to conduct the
other end of the table, i8ao Bvbon Mar. Fal. v. iii. 66 The
few.. shall fawn Round a barbarian Vice of Kings' Vicegerent.
1852 Dickens Bleak Hex, Hesolaceshis imagination,
too, by thinking of the many Chancellors and Vices,
and Masters of the Rolls, who are deceased. 1889 Gretton
Memory^s Harkb. 140 It was indirectly a proof of the esti.
mation in which the Vice [ = Vice-chancellor] was held.
Vice, obs. Sc. form of Wise sb. (manner).
Vice (vais), v> [f. VicK sb:^'\
1 1. trans. To fix on with a screw. Obsj~^
154* in Arckxol. Jrnl. XVIII. 144 Item oone Cuppe of
glasse with a cover, the fote being of silver and gilt and
viced on,
2. To force, strain, or press hard as by the use
of a vice ; to fix, jam, or squeeze tightly.
In early use only in highly figurative context.
i6oa Mabston Antonio's Rev. 11. ii. Dj, I see false suspect
Isvicde; wrung hardly in a vertuous heart. 161 1 Shaks.
Wint. T, 1. ii. 416 He sweares. As hehadseen't,or beene an
Instrument To vice you to't, that you haue toucht his Queene
Forbiddenly. 1637 N. Whiting Albino^ Bellama 12 Who
viceth honour, lyes. x8o6 J. Beresford Miseries Hum.
Life VI. iv. You find yourself suddenly viced in, from the
shoulder to the hip. 1849 De Quincey in Blackw. Ma^.
LXVI. 74B The coachman's hand was viced between his
upper and lower thigh. (^ 1859 — Aelius LnmiaWks. X.
306 The glory may envelop one in a voluminous robe,.. or
may pinch and vice one's arms into that succinct garment
[a spencer].
3. intr. To employ or apply a vice. rare~^.
x6ia Sturtevant Metallica (1854) 99 Pressing or impressioning
of things is performed.. secondeiy by screwing
or viceing.
Hence Vi'cing vbl. sb.
1648 Hexham ii, Een vij'singe, a Vicing, or a Screwing.
t Vice, ^.2 Sc. Obs. Also wyce. [app. ad.
OF*, vicier, med.L. vicidre^ L. vitidre to spoil,
vitiate, but with change of meaning.] trans. To
treat arrogantly or oppressively.
For the explanation of ivalentyne see Volentine.
c 1450 Holland Ho7vlat 918 Thus wycit [z-.r. viciit] he the
walentyne thraly and thrawin, That all the fowlis. ,plen5eit
to Natur.
liVice (vdi'si), prep. [L. vice: see Vice sb.^]
In place of ; in succession to.
xyyo Scots Mng. Jan. 55/1, 6th reg. of foot: Capt. Mathew
Derenzy to be Major, vice John Forrest; by purchase.
17B7 Gentl. Mag. Nov. 1015/1 The Lieutenant-Governor
has appointed. .James Miller .. Lieutenant of the said
fort, vice Frederic Gottsched, who is gone to Hallifax.
1806 Beresford Miseries Hum. Life ni. ix, A jarring
bat ;—a right-hand bat for a left-handed player ;—a hat,
vice stumps. 1849 Thackeray Pendennis xxii. He was
gardener and out-door man, vice Upton, resigned. x886
C. E. Pascoe London of To-day xi.(ed. 3J iii It was. .soon
afterwards reorganized, with Mr. Randegger, vice Mr.
Leslie, as conductor.
Vice- (vais), prefix, representing L. vice in place
of : see prec. Originally this governed a following
word in the genitive, but in late L. the tendency
to use the phrase as a compound noun appears in
vicequmstor (equivalent Xo prdquxstor of analogous
origin). In med.L. such formations became common,
as vicecomes, -consul, -decamts, -dominus,
-princeps, -rector, -rex, etc. From the 1 3th cent.
onwards a number of these appear in OF., at first
usually with the prefix in the form oivis-,vi',h\^\.
latterly assimilated as a rule to the Latin original.
Similar compounds with vice- are also employed
in It., Sp., and Pg. The older examples in
English, having been taken immediately from
French, also present the prefix in the reduced
forms vis- {vys-, viz-) and vi- (vy-), subsequently
replaced by vice- (also in early use vize-) except in
Viscount. The more important compounds are
given below as main words ; the following are
illustrations of less usual or more recent terms.
a. With personal designations, especially titles
of office, indicating that the person so called acts
temporarily or regularly in place of, in the absence
of, or as assistant to, another who properly holds
the office or bears the title or name, as vice-abbot,
-agent, -Apollo ^ -apostle, -architect, etc. Also occas.
iransf., as vice-nature.
In the dictionaries of Florio and Mi^ge many examples of
similar forms are employed to render the Italian and French
equivalents, e, g. vice'Captain, .cardinal^ -censor, -commissary,
etc.
a x66x Fuller IVorthies 11. (1662) 50 Gregory of Huntington
VICE-.
..was bred a Benedictine Monke in Ramsey, where he
became Prior, or *Vice.Abbot. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v.
xli. § I A vassal whom Satan hath made his *Vice-agent.
1648 Crashaw Poems (1904) 138 Him the Muses love to
' follow, Him they call their *vice-Apollo. 1641 Smectym-
Nuus ' Vind,
Ausw. xiii. 114 They were Comites, and
Vicarii Apostolorum^ *Vice-Apost!es. 1779 Phil. Trans.
LXIX. 598 M. Forfait. ., *vice-arcliitect of the French navy.
1690 Land. Gaz. No. 2617/2 'I'he Troops there under the
Command of the Ban and *Vice-Ban, were obliged by the
bad weather to separate. i686 Ibid. No. 2201/2 He who
formerly commanded that Gaiison was *Vice-Ba>sa. 1778
Stiles Diary (1901) II. 288 The Diploma Examinatorium
. .was delivered to the President, who gave it to the *Vice
Bedellus, directing him to read it. X671 F. Philii'PS Keg.
Necess, 433 The Baron of Limpurgh *Vice-Butler to the
King of Bohemia. 1600 J. Porv tr. Leo's Africa 1. 10
Hauing first put to flight the *vice-Califa of Aegypt. i860
Aii Year Round No. 46. 475 The unmanageable 'Arry,_who
was a species of *vice-chair, and was also provided with a
hammer. i88a
J. Hardv in Proc. Ber. Nat. Club IX. 440
Mr. Charles Watson .. discharged the duties of the vice-
chair. 1858 Simmonds Diet. Trade, * Vice-chairman, a
person who presides at the lower end of a table, supporting
and aiding the chairman or president ; the deputy-chairman
of a board of officers. 1659 Baxter Key Cath. xlii. 300
Prove that Christ hath commissioned a *Vice-Christ. 1691
— Nat. Churches x. 42 Being an Usurpation of Christ's
Office, and making a Vice-Christ, which is an Antichrist.
171a [see Vick-god]. 1497 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. I. 58
It is thought expedient that the Popes Holynesse comaund
the said aide . . to be publisshed by his *vicecollectour. 1858
Simmonds Diet. Trade,
* Vice-commodore, 2>. deputy com-
mander of a naval squadron. 1631 Weevf.r Ane. Funeral
Mon. 541 Edward the third . . did substitute Edward Bohun,
the Earles younger brother, *Vice-Constable vnder him.
1878 J. Gaibdner Hist, Rich. Ill, iv. 175 Sir Ralph Ashton
was. .appointed Vice-Constable, .to exercise all the powers
of the Lord High Constable for the particular emergency.
1566 tr. Beza's Admon. Parlt. D j, Cathedrall churches,.,
where master Deane, master *Vicedeane, ..readers, vergerirs,
&c. liue in great idlenesse. 1637 Gillespie Eng,
Pop.Cerem.iu. viii. 161 Deanes, Vice-Deans,. .Subdeacons.
1697 Lond. Gaz. No. 3341/1 The Vice-Dean with the
Clergy, made a Congratulatory Speech. 1875 W. H. Jones
Fasti Eccl. San'sb, 265 There is always a distinction to be
observed between a ' Vice-Deaa ' or a ' I.,ocum Tenens ', and
the ' Sub-Dean '. 1647 R. Stapvlton Juvenal 153 He
made choice of his.. master or generall of the horse, or
*vice-dictatour. 1883 Macm. Mag. XLVI. 249 A *vice.
director of the military college. 18x8 Shellev Eug. Hills
244 But Death promised . . That he would petition for Her
to be made *Vice-Emperor. 1844 Thirlwall C^wcf VIII.
IxvL 451 Before Diatus came to Corinth, a council was held
there by the *vice-general Sosicrates. 17x1 Hickes Two
Treat. Chr. Priesth. (1B47) ^ J- ^88 Would he not have been
a *vice-high-priest as well as a viceroy? 1749 Fielding
Tom Jones xi. x, As the law hath foolishly omitted this
office of *vice-husband, or guardian to an eloped lady. 18x7
BvKON Beppo xx'xx. And so she thought it prudent to con-
nect her With a vice-husband, chiefly to protect her. 1609
J. Davies Hum. Heaven 11. cvi, My *vice loues quoth he
are ne'r afraid. 1555 Euen Decades (Arh.) 112 Lupus
Olanus the conductor of one of the shippes of Nicuesa, and
nowe also *vice Leauetenaunt in his steede. X690 Lond.
Gaz. No. 2527/3 And after them Count Popenheim, *Vice-
Marshal of the Empire, carried the Sword of State naked
before the Emperor. 1593 G. Haijvev Pierce's Super.
Wks. (Grosart) II. 212 He hath not played the *Vicemaster
of Poules, and the Foolemaster of the Theater for naughtes.
16x8 Bamevelt's Apol. G j, The Vice-maisters place of the
fees hath not allowed one halfe penny for stipend. 1690 C.
Nesse O.