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VICEGERENCE.
to b^n with, lie [Simon de Montfort] w*as seised of the
Vicecounty of Besiers. 1706 Stevens S^. Diet. 1, Villa-
Nmtva dt Cardenas, a Town in . . Andaluzia, . . made a Vice-
County by King Philip the 4th.
2. A division of a large county, treated as a countyarea
with regard to &e distribution of species of
plants, etc.
X859 H. C Watson Cybeie Brit. IV, 130 Sinaller and more
numerous sections could be formed by dividing the great
counties into vice-counties. *873-^ — Topographical Bot.
(tttle-p.), The iia Counties and Vice-counties of England,
Wales, and Scotland. 1800 Science-Gossip XXVI. iio/i
Not more than ten out of the 312 counties and vice-counties
into which Great Britain is divided.
Vicege'rence. Now rare. [Cf. next and
-BN'CE, So older F. vicegerence {tci* and religious orders were concerned.
X90S R, Bacot Donna Diana xiv. 156 The Papal Court, .is
no freer from petty jealousies . . than the Court of any ruler
in no wise claiming Divine vicegerence.
Viceffereucy (vaisid^i'Tensi). [See next and
-ENCT. ^ojno^.L..vicegerentia{i6oi inDuCange),
It. vicegere/iza.']
1. The office, dignity, or rule of a vicegerent
the fact of rnling or administering as representative
of another.
1596 Dbavton Legends iy. 511 But to the great Vicegerencie
I grew, Being a Title as Supreme as new. x6oo
W. Watson Decacordon (1602) 119 If euery Priest shold
take place agreeing to their Vice-gerencie vnder Christ,
there could be no order kept. 1641 Milton Prel, Episc.
Wks. 1851 III. 73 Timothy, and Titus,. .had rather the
vicegerency of an Apostleship committed to them, then the
ordinary charge of a Bishoprick. /zx668 Davenant Law
arst. Lovers Wks. (1673) 323 The Duke,. .During the time
of your Vicegerency, Remain'd here in disguise, x/oa
Sachevbrell Serm. Univ. Oxford (1710) 9 The highest indignity.
.to any crown'd head is. .denying its vice-gerency.
xj6i Hume Hist. Eng. III. App. 75 James was vaunting
his divine vicegerency. 1845 R. W. Hamilton Pop. Educ.
IX. 334 To gain a just conception of civil government...
If it be tnat Divine vicegerency which many have
descnbed [ctc.J. 1891 Daily News 29 Dec. 6/1 He has.
put to death more than forty persons who have dared to
question his authority or argued against his vicegerency.
trans/. 1711 G. Hickes Two Treat. Chr. Priesth. I. ii. 16
This Vicegerency, or mediatory Office to transact and
minister in sacred Matters betwixt God and Man,
b. A district or province ruled by a vicegerent.
1865 W. G. Palgrave Arabia I. vi. 244 History and tradition
record no rebellious outbreak of any importance during
their sway among the numerous vicegerencies of Arabia.
+ 2. Vicarious nature or character, Obs,
1671 FuvvEL Fount Life viL 18 His sanctifying himself
for us plainly speaks the Vicegerency of his Death. 1679
C. Nesse Antichrist 24 Antichrist,. signifies substitution
and vice-gerency.
Vicegerent (v3is,d2l»T£nt), sb. and a. Also
6 vitz-, 7 vize-gerent. [ad. med.L. vicegerent-
vicegerens, f. L. vicetn (ace.) stead, place, office,
etc, and^*rr^«x, pres. pple. oiger^re to carry, hold.
So F. vicegerent (also -girant)^ It., Sp., Pg. vicegerenie.
The hyphen, formerly not uncommon, is
now rarely used in this and the preceding words.]
A. sb. 1. A person appointed by a king or
other ruler to act in his place or exercise certain
of his administrative functions.
1536 Cromwell in Merriman Life tj- Lett. (1902) II, a6
Thomas Crumwetl.,keper of the privey Scale of our said
soueraigne Lorde the king and vitz^erent to the same for.,
all his Jurisdiction ecclesiasticall within this Realme. 1538
ibid. 151, I Thomas lorde Crumwell,. .Vice-gerent to the
kjmges said highnes. 1545 Act 37 Hen. VIII, c. 17 Censures
ecclesiasticall made by your Highnes and your Vicegerent,
officialls, commissaries, and Judges and visitators. 1593
R. Harvbv Philctd. i Mordred Arthurs kinsman being
appointed Vicegerent in his royalty, gaue great giftes..to
Cerdrick a Saxon. x6o6 G. W[oodcocke1 Hist. Ivstine vi.
30 Lysander whome Agesilaus appointed his Vize-gerent
the time of his ahsence. 1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt.
Eng, II. XV. (1739) 79 It hath therefore been the ancient
course of Kings of this Nation, to constitute Vice-gerents
in their absence. 1733 Swift On Poetry Wks. 1755
IV, I, 198 Now sing the minister of state, ..Thou great
vicegerent of the king [etc]. 1788 Gibbon Decl. ^ F. Ivii.
V. 671 He was trusted by the sultan as the faithful vicegerent
of his power. 1838 Thirlwall Greece II. xiv. 194
His vicegerent was at first willing to resign his authority.
18^ Stubbs Const. Hist. III. xviii. 95 He intended..
Gloucester to act as his vicegerent in England.
b. In general sense : One who takes the place
of another in the discharge of some office or duties.
1549 Coverdale, etc Erasm, Par. Tim. i. 3 b,- 1 left the
there euen as my selfe, to haue the autoritie as a notable
vicegerent in so excellent and so paynefuU an office. 1641
Baker Chron., Eliz. 24 The Govcrnours of Ireland, .were
at first called I ustices,-. afterwards, Lievtenants, and their
Vice.gerents were called Deputies. 1683 Brit. SPec. 114
(His] Vice-gerent was the Vicar General of Britain, honored
180
with the Title Spectabilis. 1773 Observ. State Poor 47 The
humanity and generosity of some of these parochial vicegerents,
the farmers or managers of workhouses. 1781
Gibbon Decl. c5- F. xvii. (1787) II. 38 These prerogatives
were reserved to the praefects. .: their vicegerents were confined
to the trifling weight of a few ounces. 1851 Husstv
Papal Poiver iii. 130 For what respect will be thought due
to the vicegerents of the holy apostle St. Peter if what they
ordain. -be undone. x868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. iv.
109 There is in all cases, a vice-gerent, who in the absence
of the head exercises his powers.
e. A ruler or commander of a country, etc., in
virtue of deputed power,
"577 HoLiNSiiED CAr»«. II. 482/1 Herewith he [Richard I]
dothe commaunde them also to obey Robert Earle of
Leycester, whome he appointed.. as his Lieutenant or vicegerent
of those parties during his absence. 1589 Greenk
Tnllies Love Wks, (Grosart) VII. 117 The Romanes had
made mee Vicegerente of their forces, c x6xo IVomen Saints
151 Aspasius the vicegerent of Rome. 1786 Burke Art.
agst. Ir. Hastings Wks. 1842 II. 208 The said Mogul has
been obliged to declare the head of the Mahratta state to
be vicegerent of the Mogul empire.
2. Applied to rulers and magistrates as representatives
of the Deity.
Frequent in the 17th century.
1547-64 Baldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 74 Princes, being
by God put in authority, are His vice-gerents, and should
therefore require obedience. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst.
IV. XX, (1634) 735 If they [the Magistrates] remember tliat
they bee the vicegerents of God. 1595 W. C[lerke] Pollvtanteia
C iv b, This likewise is the cause why the Prince
is tearmed Gods Vicegerent vpon earth. 1641 Milton Ch.
Govt. V. Wks. 1851 III. 114 We acknowledge that the civill
magistrate wearesan autority of Gods giving, and ought to
be obey'd as his vicegerent. x68i Dryden Abs. Sf Achit.
To Rdr., God is infinitely merciful ; and his Vicegerent is
only not so, because he is not Infinite. 1700 Astry tr.
Saavcdra-Faxardo I. 230 The same has place in Princes,
who are God's Vicegerents in Temporals. 1710 Pkideaux
Orig. Tithes ii. 120 All Governours of Nations being Gods
Vicegerents, they are bound in all things to order tlieir
Government so as will best agree with the will of him. 1840
Thackeray Paris Sk.Bk. (ed. 2) II, 274 * Dieu seul est
grand,' said courtly Massillon; but next to him, as the
prelate thought, was certainly Louis, his vicegerent here
upon earth.
b. Applied to priests, and spec, to the Pope, as
representatives of God or Christ.
1573 R.^ T. Discourse 49 Hee onely is Antichrist that
fayneth himself to do all that Christ can doo, to bee his
vicegerent in earth, to sit in his place. 1593 in J. Morris
Troub. Cath. Forefathers Ser. m. (1877) ^3° Unto all
which things the jurisdiction and authority of the Pope,
Christ's Vicar and Vicegerent, did extend. 1660 Milton
Free Covtviw. Wks. 1851 V. 432 All Protestants hold that
Christ in his Church hath left no Vicegerent of his Power.
1678 Marvell Growth Popery Wks. 1875 IV, 255 The
Pope.. does persecute those to the death who dare worship
the Author of their Religion instead of his pretended Vicegerent.
1737 Challoner Cath. Chr. Instr. (1753) 81 The
Priest that officiates in the Mass officiates as Christ's Vicegerent.
1841 Cdl. Wiseman in E. Purcell Life A. P. de
Lisle (1900) I. xiii. 285 Let me know that the Vicegerent of
Xt. approves of my course, . . and I shall not care for all the
world. J873 H. Rogers Orig. Bible ii. (1875) 78 Moses.,
did not affect to be, like, .the Pope, the visible representative
and vicegerent of God.
trattsf, 1624 Gataker Transubst. 96 They say it to
Christ, whose deputie and vicegerent the Image there is.
C. Similarly applied to man in general or in
some special respect ; also ifi) to nature, the sun,
conscience, etc,
(a) 1601 Sir W. Cornwallis Disc. Seneca (1631) Mm viij,
That this confusion is incident to our Hues, is our owne
fault, since the disorders of a state belongeth to.. the
Gouernors of a state ; so this to man who is Vicegerent of
the earth. i6a6 Jackson Creed viii. x. 93 Our first parents
being Gods vicegerents here on earth, Lords of all his
visible creatures. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 344 IndiflTerently
bent to the Continuance of it, or change j as God,
and his Vice-gerents, her Parents shall think fit. 1845
Encycl. Metrop. II. 561 [A Deity who] communicates to
men a knowledge.. of his purposes that they may he his
vicegerents in executing them. 1861 J. A. Alexander
Gosp. fesiis Christ xxxix. 521 A proof of man's original
formation in God's image, and bis original vestiture with
delegated power as God's vicegerent.
{b) 1646 H. P. Medit. Seige 76 Nature (God's great vicegerent).
1676 Sir M. Hale Contempl. 11. 82 God Almighty
hath substituted the Soul of Man, as his Deputy or-Vicegerent
in that Province which is committed to him. x68i
Flavel Meth. Grace xxxiii. 556 Conscience, .. that noble
power, God's vicegerent in the soul. 1794 G. Adams Nat.
9f E.xp. Philos. {1806) II. xxi. 415 When the sun is said to
rule the day,, .what else can be understood but that he acts
as a vicegerent. 1821 Shelley Hellas Prol. 142 Thou
Destiny ; . . Go, thou Vicegerent of my will, no less Than of
the Father's. 1835 Miss Sedgwick Linwoods iv, Let man
beware how he wilfully or carelessly perverts and blinds
God's vicegerent, conscience. x86o Pvsev Jllin. Propli. 192
They dethroned righteousness, the representative and vice*
gerent of God, and made it rest on the ground. 1881 C. A.
Young Sun i. (1882) 12 It has been reserved for more
modern times.. to show clearly just how. .the sun himself
[is] the symbol and vicegerent of the Deity.
d. Applied to persons as representing some
other supernatural or spiritual power.
1588 SiiAKS, L. L. L. I. i. 222 Great Deputie, the Welkins
Vicegerent, and sole dominator of Nauar. 1615 Hevwood
Foure Prentises i. xviii, Joves great Vice-gerent over all
the world. 1701 De Foe Trueborn Eng. 1. 17 The List of
his (the Devil'sJ Vice-gerents and Commander? Outdoes
your Czesars or your Alexanders. 1715 Poi-e Odyss. xi.
310 Now in the time'.s full process forth she brings Jove's
dread vicegerents, in two future kings. 1763 J. Brown
Poetry ^ Music v. 61 Apollo, the God of Music, was their
VICE-LEGATE
Author [of oracles] ; The Fythia or Priestess was his Vicegerent.
1786 tr. Beckfords Vathek (1868) 104 Merciful
Prophet ! stretch forth thy propitious arms towards thy
Vicegerent
3. A thing which takes the place of another.
1583 Melbancke Philotimus Ccij, If my lasie leggs..
should deny to make this voiage^ my hearte would.. substitute
my handes to be their vicegerentes. 1871 Earle
Philol. Eng. Tongue 390 The pronouns are, as their name
signifies, words which are the vicegerents of nouns.
4. A vicarious bearer ^"sorrow. rare~^.
1594 Southwell M. Magd. Funeral Teares (1823) 73 All
creatures, .leaving me as the vicegerent of all their sorrow,
B. adj. (or attrib.). 1. Taking the place, or
performing the functions, of another.
1577 tr. Bullingers Decades (1592) 853 The Scripture
teacheth that Christ ascended into heauen, and hath
established a vicegerent power, to wit, the holie Ghost.
1667 Milton P. L. x. 56 But whom send I to judge them?
whom but thee Vicegerent Son. 1712 Blackmokk Creation
355 Next Man arose at thy creating word, Of thy terrestrial
realms Vicegerent Lord. 1749 Deity 1 7 But Conscience,
fair vicegerent light within, Asserts its author.
2. Characterized by deputed or vicarious power.
1667 Milton P. L. v, 609 Under his great Vice-gerent
Reign abide [ye], . . For ever happie. 1^7 H. Bushnell
Chr. Nurt. 11. v. (1861) 208 The vicegerent office to be
maintained, and the gracious ends to be secured, make xt
indispensable that parents should themselves be living in
the Spirit.
Hence Vicege'rentsliip.
1600 O. E. (M. Sutcliffe) Repl. Libel}, vi. 157 Let this
Noddy.. shew foorth the popes commission eyther for his
vicegerentship, or for his pretended apostolicke office. 1646
GiLLKSPiE MaU Audis 10 The capacity of a Vicegerent,
which he hath by his Vicegerentship. Ibid. 35 The two
fold Vicegerentship of God and of Christ.
Vice-£fOd, [Vice-.] One who (on earth) takes
the place, or exercises the power, of God.
Freq. in tlie 1 7th cent, as a hostile designation of the Pope.
1600 Darrell Detect. Hai-snet 204 Our Vice Godes which
are here on earth in Gods steade will take vengeance of
those traitors. 1624 Bp. Mountacu Gagg 63 There is an
headship which will not reach' that illimited power giuen
to the Pope, Our Lord, Vice-God vpon earth. 1664 Owen
Vind. Animad. Fiat Lux xvi. Wks. 1855 XIV. 352 The
consequences so startled the wise state of Venice that you
know they disputed it to the utmost with yoiur vice-god
Paul V. X712 ftL Henry Popery Spir. Tyranny Wks.
1853 II. 342 To call them Anti-gods, and Anli-christs, however
they pretend to be Vice-christs and Vice-gods. 1784
R. Welton Chr. Faith ^ Pract. 434 Man is a vice-God in
the world. 1830 Bentham Consiit. Code Wks. 1843 ^^: 3^
On neither side has any vice-god been seen^ or fancied.
1873 L. Stephen Freethinking ix. 347 Man.. is hopelessly
ignorant, but set on a throne and properly manipulated he
becomes an infallible vice-God.
Hence Vice-srodhead.
1659 Baxter Key Cath. xx. 84 Not only the Romish
Universal Monarchy and Vice-godhead, but even its
Patriarchal Primacy was no Apostolical Tradition.
Vice-go vernor. [Vice-.] An official acting
under, or in place of, a governor ; a deputygovernor.
Hence Vice-go *vernorshlp.
1598 Flokio, Vicegouernatore , a vicegouernouri a deputiegouernour.
174* Woodkooke in Hanway Trav. (1762) I.
II. xvii. 77 The governor, vice-governor, and commander of
the garrison, came on board. 1760 Ann. Reg. 73 He has
for some time resided as vice-governor under the King of
Prussia. 184a J. F. Cooi'er Jack
0' Lantern I. 159 Vito
Viti had long before gone up the street to see the vice*
governor. 1876 Bancroft Hist. U. S. VI. 500 (Francis
Bernard] thankfully accepts baronetcy and vice-governorship
of Virginia. 1897 Mary Kincslev W. Africa 393
Spanish possessions . under a Vice-Governor to the Governor
of Fernando Po. Ihid.^ The Vice-Governorship of Eloby.
Vice-Mxig. [Vice-.] One who rules as the
representative of a king ; a viceroy. Also attrib,
X579in Hakluyt Fty. (1600) III. 733 In coasting along the
Island of Mutyr, belonging to the Kmgof Ternaie, his Deputie
or Vice-king . . came with his Canca to vs. x6as Mabbe
tr. Aleman's Guzman d^'Alf. ii. 152 Vnder his protection we
went vp and downe the Ciiie, as if we had beene so many
Vice-Kings of the Country. 1659 Baxter Key Cath. xlii.
300 A Deputy, or Vice-King in Ireland. xiAx— Acc.Sherlocke
vi. 210 There is no netd ofa Vice King to make this a
Kingdom. 1681-6 J. Scott C//r. Z//f(i747) III. 562S0 that
now he is subject to the Father in the Capacity of a Vice-
King to a supreme Sovereign. 1800 Hist. Ind. mAsiat.Ann.
Reg. 24/2 He appointed Don Francis D'Almeyda, Governor-
general, with the pompous title of Vice King of the Indies.
1848 Lvtton Harold iii. iii. 99 Farther still down the hall
'
are the great civil lords and vice-king vassals of the Lord
Paramount '. 1876 Tennyson Harold 11. ii, Thou shalt be
verily king^all but the name— For I shall most sojourn in
Normandy ; And thou be my vice-king in England.
Vice-le*gate. [Vice-, after F. vice-legat or
It, vicelegato (Sp. and Pg. viceiegadd),'] One who
acts as the representative or deputy of a (Papal)
legate.
1549 Sir T. Hoby Trav. 17 in Camden Misc. (1902), The
Pope is lord of yt. Vicelegate there for him was Annibale
Borio. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 1. iii. 83 To meet the
eldest son of any Prince, or the Ambassadors of the Dukes
of Savoy, . . the Cardinals . . send their Vice-Legats with some
small number of Coaches. 1683 Apol. Prot. France iv. 31
The conference the Queen had, as she passed by Avignon
with the Vice-Legat, which gave him wonderful satisfaction,
pleased them not so well. 1708 Lond. Gaz. No. A^