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VIS-A-VIS.
1814 Scott If^av. Ixi, Waverley .. found himself in the
desired vehicle, Tis-d-vis to Mrs. Nosebag. 1841 Mrs.
MozLRY Lost Brooch II. XX. 142 Only too well pleased lo
find myself once again vh a vis to Constance Duff. 1870
Disraeli Lothair xxi, Lothair was there vis-a-vis with
Miss Arundel.
Hence Vls-^via v, ; Tis-ii-visness.
1839 LEVERy/. Loi-reguer vi, -Xhe hissing kettle on the
hob was vis a vis'd by a gridiron with three newly. taken
trout, 1887 E. GuRNEY Tertium Quid I. 371, I doubt
whether it would involve anything like the sense of vis-avis-ness
or parallelism, suggested to me now by such a
phrase as ' posited myself in space '.
Vise, abbrev. form of Viscount.
Viscaclia (viskcenja). Also 8 viscaoho, 8-9
viscaccia, 9 vizcacha, vischacha. [a. Sp. viscacha
(also biscacha Biscacha), ad. Quichuan
{Ji)tiiscacha. Hence also F. viscaq7ie.'\ One or
other of two large burrowing rodents of South
America, related to the chinchilla.
a. The Za^/////;; c«z;iVr/V, inhabiting the upper
Andes from Chill to Ecuador ; the Alpine viscacha.
1604 E. G[bimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iv. xxxviii.
314 There are other small animalles which they cail Viscochas,
and are like to hares, although they be bigger. 1781
Pennant Hist. Quadrup. 1 1. 376 Allied to this [Cape Hare]
seems the ViscachoSy 01 V'iscachas^ mentioned by Acosta
and Fcuill^, in their accounts of Peru. i8ox Shaw Gen.
Zool. II. I. 209 Viscw.cia. . . This species is said to have the
general appearance of a Rabbet. i8zi W. Walton Peruv.
Sheep 175 They afford furs and ornamental skins,, .particularly
the viscacha, which is a species of rabbit. 1849 Sk.
Nat. Hist.f Mammalia IV. 126 The general colour of the
viscacha of the western acclivities of the Peruvian Andes.
is grayish ash, clouded here and there with a tint of brown.
1879 E. P. Wright Animal Li/e (Cassell) 196 I'he Alpine
Viscacha {Lagidiitm cuvierii) inhabits the lofty Andes of
Chili, Bolivia, and Peru.
b. The Lagostomus trickodactyUts of the southem
Argentine pampas.
X836 Partington's Brit. CycL Nat. Hist. II. 26 The Viscacha
{Lagostomus trichodactyius) is about the size of a
rabbit. 1855 prr'j Circ. Sci.yprg. Nat. III. 464 The Viscacha.
.inhabits the great plains of Buenos Ayres, where it
digs burrows for itself. £^i88s CasseiCs Nat. Hist. III.
138 The Viscacha lives on the Pampas from Buenos Ayres
to the borders of Patagonia.
So Vlscache. rare~^.
1847-9 'I'odds Cyci. Anat. IV. I. 373 In the viscache the
squamous portion of the temporal bone ts. .deeply indented.
t Viscate, /;*/. fl. Oh.-^ [ad. I,, viscdt-us:
cf. next and Inviscate v,'\ Inviscated.
c 1400 Liin/ranc's Cirurg. 136 Wlke blood is not viscat tn
J>e substaunce of dure matris, as pe mater is in empostymes.
Visoated, ppl. a. [f. L. viscCit-usy pa, pplc.
of viscare, f. viscus, viscum birdlime.] (See quots.)
16*3 C0CKERA.M I, I'iscatedy taken with Bird-lime. 1656
Bloi;nt G/ossogr.^
lime.
Viscated^ dressed, or taken with Bird-
II Viscera (visera), sb.pl, [L., viscera \i\tcxm\
organs, pi. of viscus Vrscua 2. Cf, It. viscere, Sp.
and Pg. visceras, F, visc^res.']
1. Anat, The soft contents of the principal cavities
of the body ; esp. the internal organs of the
trunk; the entrails or l-owels together with the
heart, liver, lungs, etc.
1651 BtGCS Ntiv Disp. p 174 Exhausting the stock of aliment
from the vasa and I'tscera. 1667 Phil. Trans, II. 545
Also lifting up the Viscera of the lower Belly. ijriSQfiNcv
Compt. Disp. Ill For in the Intentions, the Seat of the
Complaint is most commonly in the Viscera. 1750 PkiL
/"ra/w. XLVII. 83(11 Uj to keep them from touching the
abdominal viscera of this animal. 1801 Med. Jrnl. V. 500
Instancing its powerful effects in obstructions of the viscera,
especially in hver cases. 1845 Budd Dis. Liver yi Great
stress is laid on the case of the mollusca, animals whose
liver is generally immense in proportion to their other viscera.
1878 W. H. Dall Later Preh. Man 18 The viscera
had evidently been removed, but the muscular and cutane*
ous tissues were in tolerable preservation,
•\\i. fig. - HowEL j(^.* 3, Obs.
X65S P^ CuLVERWEL Treat. 11. vi. (1661) 141 Do you think
now that God will trust these with his more special mercies,
with his viscera and tender mercies ?
2. transf. The interior ; the inner parts : =
Bowel sb.^ 4.
1709 T. RoBtNSON Vind. Mosaick Syst. 41 If the Atheist
wilt venture himself into the Interior Viscera or Bowels of
the Earth. i8>8 Lights 4- Shades I. 210, I dived into the
viscera of Newgate-market.
Visceral (vi'seral), a, [ad. med.L. visceralis
(Du Cange) internal, f. viscera', see prec. So
OF. visceral (fig.), F. visciral^ Sp. visceral^ It,
viscerale.]
+ 1. a. Affecting the viscera or bowels regarded
as the seat of emotion ; pertaining to, or touching
deeply, inward feelings. Obs,
1575 Fenton Gold. Epist. (1582) 117 Thys warre is called
Viscerall, for that it is bredde and begon in the hearte, and
dissolueth and takes ende in the hearte. i6s6T. H[awkins]
tr. Caussin's Holy Court 288 He is vnited to all men, as
oftentyinesas they receyue him, by a viscerall transfusion of
himseffe, as one shouUl melt one waxe within another. 1617
DoNS'E Serm. (1640) 28^ Christ here sends Paracletum in a
more entire and a more internall and more Viscerall sense—
Comforter. 1640 Bp. Reynolds Passions xi. 109 Love is of
all other the inmost and most viscerall affection ; and there-
' fore called by the apostle. BoweU '. of love
f b. fi^. Lying in the entrails or inward parts.
i6s4 Donne Serm. xvii, (1640) 167 There is the land of
245
Gold, centricall Gold, viscerall Gold, gremiall Gold, Gold
in the Matrice and womb of God.
2. Phys. Of disorders or diseases: Affecting the
viscera or internal organs.
1794 in Morse W;wr. Geog. I. 500 The Lebanon pool is
famous for having wrought many cures.. even in visceral
obstructions and indigestion. 1845 Ford Handbk. Spain
II. 91Q A spring.. much frequented for visceral disorders.
1862 Smiles Engineers HI. 247 Disease also fell upon him,—
first fever, and then visceral derangement. 1876 IIristovvk
Th. ^ Piact. Med. (1878) 288 'Ihe visceral lesions and
cachexias which supervene on ague.
3. Anat. Of or pertaining to, consisting of, situated
in or among, the viscera.
i8s6 KiRBY & Sp. Entomol. xxxviii IV. 62 The bronchix
..may be considered as consisting in general of. .visceral
ones which enter the cavity of the body, and are lost
amongst the viscera and the caul [etc,]. 1853 Kanr
Grinnell Exp. xxx. (1856) 259 The lost art of petrified visceral
monstrosities seen at the medical scliools. 1870
RoLLESTON Am'm. Li/e Introd. p. xix, In the sub-kingdom
vertebrata. .visceral systems exist in specialized and differentiated
forms. x88o Bastian Brain 34 Such communicating
branches are especially numerous in the course of the
visceral nerves.
b. Visceral cavity^ that part of an animal body
in which the viscera are contained.
1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 11 A visceral cavity closed
below. 1851 S. P. Woodward Mollusca i. 31 Sea-water is
admitted to the visceral cavity of many of the moUusks by
minute canals. x868 Duncan Insect iVorld Introd. 14 It
is the unoccupied portions of the great visceral cavity
which serve as conductors to the blood.
4. Pertaining to the viscera of animals used as a
means of divination.
1833 Mks. Browning Prometh. Bound Poems 1850 I. i6r,
I.. taught what sign Of visceral lightness, coloured to a
shade, May charm the genial gods. x86i Col. Hawker in
C. E. Byles Life * Lett. (1905) xvii. 382, I have visceral
augury.
5. Anat. a. Visceral layer, a portion of the
arachnoid membrane.
1840 G. V. Ellis Anat. 13 That portion of it. which
covers the brain, or the visceral layer, is separated from tiie
brain by a considerable interval. 1875 Sir W.Turner in
Encycl. Brit. I. 865/1 Many anatomists regard the arachnoid
as the visceral layer of a serous membrane.
b. Visceral arch y one of a set of parallel ridges
in the region of the mouth in the embryonic skull.
Visceral cleft, one of the intervals between the
visceral arches.
1870 Rolleston Anim. Life Introd. p. xlvii. The malleus
of Mamnialta . . being developed out of the proximal elements
of the first visceral arch. 187a Mivart Elem. Anat. i.
(1873) 5 These arches are separated by temporary aperfures
termed 'visceral clefts'. 1875 Sir W. Turxer in Encycl.
Brit, I. 8-ii/i Immediately below each maxillary lobe four
arches, called branchial or visceral, arise in the ventralaspect
of the head.
Hence Vi'soerally adv. (In quot.y?^.)
a 1636 C. FitzGeffrev Comp. to7u. Captives iil. (1637) 38
Then shall your compa-^sion extend it selfe more visceralTy
towards your afflicted brethren.
Viscerate, v. 'are, [f. Visceka + ate :i,
after eviscerate.'] Irans. To eviscerate, disembowel.
Alsoyf^.
17J7 Bailkv (vol. II), FiVc^r/i/;^, having the Bowels taken
out. ij^ sporting Mag. XII. 53 A butcher was employed
one evening to viscerate a mare. 1830 Examiner 659 i
A vain pretender, who.. falls a victim to his temerity and
is dissected ;—viscerated to the edification of the profession.
Visoeration. rare-^. [ad, L. viscerdlio, f.
viscera Viscera.] (See quots.)
1613 CocKERAM I, I'isceration, a dole of raw flesh. 1656
Blount Glossogr. (after Cooper), Visceration.. ^ood chear,
a dole or distributing raw flesh at the death of rich men, or
when hogs are killed ; also the garbage that Hunters give
their Dogs.
Viscero- (vi-ser*?), combining form, on Greek
models, of L. viscera Viscera, employed in anatomical
terms, as viscero-branchidl, 'pericardial^
-pleural (etc.), adjs. Also viisceropto'fiis Path.
(see quot. 1897).
The more correct combining form visceri- is given in
some dictionaries, as viscericardial, etc.
1W3 E. R. Lankbster in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 667/1 The
pericardium is extended soastoforma very large sac passing
among the viscera dorsal wards.. the viscero. pericardial
sac. Ibid, 679/3 The visceral nerves of the viscero-pleural
ganglion.pair. 1888 Hov/e.^ 8i Scott Huxley «f Martins
Biol. i. 108 Viscero-utotor nerves ; seen to arise from both
sympathetic and lumbo-sacral plexus for distribution to the
pelvic viscera. 1888 W. Hrrdman in Encycl. Brit. XXIII.
613/1 A third great sinus, the viscero-branchial vessel. 1897
AllbHtt''s S^st. Med. III. 587 The names enteroptosis or
visceroptosis have been applied to cases in which various
abdominal organs have become displaced from their normal
positions. 1905 H. D. Rolleston Dis. Liver 11 In other
cases the symptoms are due to visceroptosis.
t Viscero Be, a. Obs.~^ [-ose.] = next.
1690 }, KnwARtJS Demonstr. Exist. God 11. (1696) 83 This
viscerose sort of flesh is most suitable . . to those vessels and
parts of the body which are composed of it.
tVi'scerous, a. Obs. [f. ViscER-A + -ous.]
Of the nature of, resembling that of, the viscera.
1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden x!ix. It [fumitory] prevaileth
in Chronicall diseases arising from stoppings ofthe
viscerous parts. 1668 Culpeppf.r & Colk Barthol. Anat.
Introd., Viscerous flesh or the flesh of the Bowels. waS
Chambers Cycl. s.v. Flesh, The Antients made five different
kinds of Flesh :. .The third, Viscerous, as the Flesh of
the Stomach and Intestines.
VISCONTIEL.
Viscid (vi'sid), a. [ad. late L. viscid-us, f.
L. viscmu birdlime (see Viscous a.).
OF. viscide, It. viscido.]
Hence also
a glutinous
1. Of fluid orsoftsubstnnces : Having
or gluey character ; sticky, adhesive, ropy. (Cf.
Viscous a. I
.)
1635 Brathwait Arcad. Pr. 235, I meane by sweatings
and suffumigations to extract all those viscid and oily
humours. 1657 Physical Diet., Viscid phlegm^ clammy
tough phlegm, roping like birdlime. 167a Grew Auat.
Roots I. iii, $21, 1 call it a Balsame;. . Yet not a Terebinth;
because, nothing near so viscid or tenaceous as that is.
174J Loud,