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DOFJRL-2001-1l Appendix I - Decommission€ng Technology Applications Rev. 01 Draf RallinelSlrikeout 1 1.1.2.18 Milling. There are two milling techniques: one for shaving metals and another for 2 shaving concrete. Concrete milling is similar to concrete scabbling or scarifying, except that it 3 may be applied to a much larger surface area. Large paving-type equipment is generally used to 4 shave the concrete surface. Approximately 63 to 25.4 cm (2.5 to 10 in.) can be removed in this 5 manner. 6 7 1.1.2.19 Dril1-and-Spall. The drill-and-spall technique was developed to remove contaminated 8 concrete surfaces without demolishing the entire structure. The technique involves drilling 9 2.54- to 3.81-cm ( 1- to 1.5-in.)-diameter holes approximately 7.6 cm (3 in.) deep into which a 10 hydraulically operated spalling tool is inserted. The spalling tool bit is an expandable tube of the I I same diameter as the hole. A tapered mandrel is hydraulically forced into the hole to spread the 12 fingers and spall off the concrete. 13 14 1.1.2.20 Paving Breaker and Chipping Hammer. Although paving breakers and chipping 15 hammers are primarily used in demolition activities, they can be used to remove surface 16 contamination up to 15.2 cm (6 in.) thick. 17 18 1.1.2.21 Electropolishing. Electropolishing is an anodic-dissolution technique. A small, 19 controlled amount of material (conductive metal) is stripped from the surface of the object being 20 cleaned. This method is reverse electrolysis. r^'121 22 1.1.2.22 Ultrasonic Cleaning. Thistachniquo uses a generator to produce an ultrasonic 23 frequency. A transducer then converts this high-frequency energy into low-amplitude 24 mechanical energy (vibrations) of the same frequency. A vigorous scrubbing action is produced 25 by a cleaning solution and imparted into the object being cleaned. 26 27 1.1.2.23 Vibratory Finishing. Objects are placed in a basket filled with abrasive media that is 28 vibrated at a high frequency in a cleaning solution. The vibrating media produce a scouring 29 action that removes contamination, including tape, paint, and corrosion products from most 30 items. 31 32 1.1.2.24 Light Ablation. This technique uses the absorption of light energy and its conversion 33 to heat to selectively remove surface coating or contaminants. For a given frequency of light, 34 some surfaces reflect the beam, some transmit the beam, and others absorb the light energy and 35 convert it to heat. If the light intensity is high enough, the surface film can be heated to 1,000EF 36 to 2,000EF in microseconds. 37 38 1.1.2.25 Microwave Scabbiing. This technique directs microwave energy at contaminated 39 concrete surfaces and heats the moisture present in the concrete matrix. Continued heating 40 produces steam pressure-induced internal mechanical stresses and thermal stresses. When 41 combined, these two stresses burst the surface layer of the concrete into small chips. 42 43 1.1.2.26 Flaming. This technique uses controlled high-temperature 1lames applied to 44 noncombustible surfaces to thermally degrade organic contaminants. 45 Final Feasibility Study jor the Canyon Disposition lnkiarive (22l •U Facility) Ju ne (1f)t 1-5
DOFJRI.-2001-11 I Appendix I- Decommissioning Technology Applications Rev. o l nrari 0 ^ Redlinc/Strikcout ^ 1 1.1.2.27 Flame Scarifying. This technique is similar to flaming. The top layer of concrete is 2 heated to cause differential expansion and spalling. Pieces of up to several centimeters in 3 diameter erupt from the surface. 4 5 1.1.2.28 Plasma Torch. Potential uses in decontamination of materials include breaking down 6 oils and polychlorinated biphenyls into less harmful or harmless substances, achieving the rapid 7 spalling of concrete, and dclaminating contaminants from underlying substrates. 9 1.1.2.29 Electrical Resistance. This technique is a spalling technique that involves heating the 10 steel re-enforcing rods using electrical resistance or induction heating. This heating causes the 11 bars to expand, which in turn induces the concrete to spail from the bars. 12 13 14 1.2 EQUIPMENT REMOVAL AND SIZE REDUCTION 15 16 Equipment removal and size reduction refers to the physical dismantling and segmenting of 17 equipment such as piping, pumps, tanks, hot cells, and laboratories. Equipment dismantling and 18 segmenting techniques can be generally grouped into the three categories of mechanical, thermal, 19 and other. The removal methods should be chosen based on the following major factors: 20 ("^'21 • Radiological criteria 22 • Availability or adaptability of suitable equipment 23 •, Knowledge of problems to be tackled 24 • Time available 25 • Cost effectiveness of proposed solutions. 26 27 In general, the equipment chosen should be easy to use, familiar, reliable, well constructed, and 28 proven. It should be capable of being used manually and adaptable for remote use. 29 30 1.2.1 Mechanical Cutting Techniques 31 32 The following techniques use mechanical forces and/or motions to cut or break a component. 33 34 1.2.1.1 Power Nibblers and Shears. A nibbler is a punch and die-cutting tool that normally 35 operates at a rapid reciprocation rate of the punch against the die, "nibbling" a small amount of 36 sheet metal work piece with each stroke. This process is ideal for cutting intricate shapes and 37 turning comers. 38 39 A shear is a two-blade or two-cutter tool that operates on the same principle as a conventional 40 pair of scissors. A blade shear primarily is used for in-line cutting of sheet metal, and a rotary 41 shear is capable of producing irregular or circular cuts. In addition to the cutting of thin sheets, 42 the power shear is also applicable to the cutting of small-bore piping and tubing and, in some (00^\43 instances, can be used to segment tanks. The large mobile shears are capable of cutting 0.63-cm 44 (0.25-in.)-thick steel and can be used on structural steel, largc-diameter piping, and above- and 45 belowgradc tanks. Final Feasibility Srudy jor the Canyon Dispostrion lnitiarive (221•U Facility) ]ync7.40 1-6
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AR TARGET SHEET The following docum
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(^N r^ r Proposed Plan for the Cany
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o"N DOF/RIr2001-29 Draft D Redline/
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I f^ ^ DOE!RL-2001-29 Ikaft D Redli
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! ' t^ Project Prepare the existing
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f ' ^ rN 100 I Noise, Visual, and A
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^ POINTS OF CONTA CP ^ U.S. Drnartm
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f^ n DOF/RL-2001-29 Draft D Redlinc
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