PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY

• Although in vitro tests are less expensive and less complex, in vivo mammalian tests give
results that can be extrapolated to human circumstances more realistically, but in vivo
studies are expensive and labor-intensive.
Persons whose occupations expose them to potential mutagens may undergo chemically induced
changes at a greater rate than the general population does. Validation of this hypothesis is the subject
of extensive ongoing research.
• Epidemiology seeks to identify groups with increased susceptibility to chemical mutagens,
or increased incidence of exposure, in order to limit exposures.
• No single method currently stands out as the most comprehensive and thorough screen for
identifying mutagenic agents; often, a multidisciplinary approach employing several tests is
best suited to the accurate identification of industrial mutagens.
Once mutagenic potential has been demonstrated for a compound, typically an analysis must be made
of the risks posed to exposed individuals. Such a determination is essential in the qualitative evaluation
of the occupational hazard of mutagens.
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