PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY

TABLE 16.1 Physicochemical Properties of Representative Solvents and Related Materials
Water Solubility
(mg/L) Vapor Density Specific Gravity
Vapor Pressure
(mm Hg)
Boiling Point
(°F)
Melting
Point (°F)
Molecular
Weight
(g/mol)
Chemical CAS No. Molecular Formula
Halogenated
Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5 CCl4 153.8 –9 170 91 793 5.32 1.59
Chloroform 67-66-3 CHCl3 119.4 –82 143 160 7,920 4.12 1.48
Methyl bromide 74-83-9 CH3Br 95.0 –137 38 1,444 900 3.36 1.73
Methyl chloride 74-87-3 CH3Cl 50.5 –144 –12 3,800 15,200 2.15 ND a
Methylene chloride 75-09-2 CH2Cl2 62.5 –139 104 350 13,000 ND 1.33
Trichloroethene 79-01-6 C2HCl3 131.4 –99 189 58 1,100 4.53 1.5
Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 CH2CHCl 84.9 –256 7 3.3 2,760 1.78 0.91
Nonhalogenated
Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 CH3CHO 44.1 –190 69 740 Miscible 1.52 0.79
Acetone 67-64-1 (CH3)2CO 58.1 –140 133 180 Miscible ND 0.79
Acrolein 107-02-8 C2H3CHO 56.1 –126 127 210 208,000 1.94 0.84
Aniline 62-53-3 C6H5NH2 93.1 21 363 0.6 34,000 3.22 1.02
Benzene 71-43-2 C6H6 78.1 42 176 75 1,750 2.7 0.88
Benzidine 92-87-5 NH2(C6H4)2NH2 184.3 239 752 low 400 6.36 1.25
Benzo(a)pyrene 50-32-8 C20H12 252 179 >360 >1 0.00162 8.7 1.35
Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 CS2 76.1 –169 116 297 1,190 2.67 1.26
Dimethylaniline 121-69-7 C6H5N(CH3)2 121.2 36 378 1 1,450 4.17 0.96
1,4-Dioxane 123-91-1 C4H8O2 88.2 50 213 30 Miscible 3.03 1.03
Ethanol 64-17-5 C2H5OH 46.1 –173 173 44 Miscible 1.59 0.79
Ethyl acetate 141-78-6 C4H8O2 88.1 –118 171 100 64,000 3 0.89
Ethyl ether 60-29-7 (C2H5)2O 74.1 –177 94 440 69,000 2.55 0.71
Ethylene glycol 107-21-1 C2H4(OH)2 62.1 9 388 0.06 1,000 2.14 1.11
Formaldehyde 50-00-0 HCHO 30.0 –134 –6