PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY

fatty liver, 120-122
hepatocellular degeneration and death, 116-120
apoptosis, 117
calcium homeostasis, loss of, 120
endoplasmic reticulum damage, 116
immune reactions, 120
lipid peroxidation, 119
lysosomal damage, 117
macromolecular irreversible binding, 119-120
mitochondrial damage, 116
necrosis mechanisms, 117-l 18
nuclei damage, 116-l 17
plasma membrane damage, 116
natural venoms and toxins, 4133414
solvents, 3766377
tumor formation, 123-124
vascular injury, 122-123
Herbicides:
acute toxicity, 356
biphenyl compounds, 3566358
carcinogenicity, 356
chlorophenoxy herbicides, 355-356
occupational hazards control case study using,
541~-544
triazines, 358
Heritable translocation assay (HTA), mutagenicity
testing, 255
Heterochromatin, chromosome structure and
function, 244
Heterocyclic compounds, alkaloid toxins, 421
Hexachloroethane, nephrotoxicity 140
High-dose testing, carcinogenicity testing protocols,
2922294
High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) vacuum
cleaner, lead-based paint case study, 55 1
Histogenesis, tissue origin and 267
Histopathologic evaluation:
carcinogenicity studies, 296
hepatoxicity and, 125
Histrionicotoxin, toxicology, 425
Hives. See Urticaria
Hormonal regulation:
endocrine disruption research and 234-235
female reproductive toxicology, 221-222
male reproductive toxicology, 2 15-2 16
Hornet venoms, toxicology, 427
Horse antivenins, reptile and amphibian venom
toxicology, 423425
Host-mediated assay, mutagenicity testing with,
252
Host resistance model, animal models of
immunotoxicity, 199
Host susceptibility model, animal models of
immunotoxicity 199
Household exposure levels:
lead poisoning case study, 5499552
pesticide risk assessment, 470
Human chorionic gonadotropin, spontaneous abortion
and embryonic loss, 225
INDEX 587
Human resources, occupational health studies and
503
Human response patterns:
animal toxicity studies, extrapolation from, 28-33
environmental exposure guidelines, 3 l-32
exposure routes, 2993 1
safe human dose (SHD) approach, 29
antimony carcinogenicity risks, 491
antimony carcinogenicity risk studies, weight of
evidence characterization, 494496
dose-response measurements and, 21
epidemiologic studies and 5 15-5 16
pharmacogenetic differences and 26
risk assessment procedures:
hazard identification, epidemiologic studies and
case reports, 443
VS. animal studies, 443445
vs. ecological risk assessments, 441442
xenobiotic metabolism, variations in, 80 -8 1
Humoral immunity:
animal models of immunotoxicity, 198-199
immunotoxicity, 190
Hyaluronidase, hymenoptera toxicology, 427
Hydrazine, toxicology, 401402
Hydrocarbons. See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
@‘AH)
Hydrogen ions, hypoxia and 97
Hydrogen sulfide exposure:
antidotes, 107
dose-response relationship, 106
hematotoxicity, basic principles, 87788
red blood cells (RBCs) toxicity and, 105-106
Hydrolysis reactions, biotransformation, 70-7 1
Hydroquinone, toxicology, 385
Hymenoptera species, venom toxicology, 427
Hyperpigmentation, dermal toxicity, 164
Hyperplasia, defined, 266
Hypertension, nephrotoxicity and, 134
Hypofiltration, nephrotoxicity and 137
Hypopigmentation, dermal toxicity, 164
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis:
female reproductive toxicology, 221-223
male reproductive toxicology, 2 15-2 17
Hypoxia:
carboxyhemoglobin and 98
erythropoietin release, 88-90
red blood cell impairment and, 96-97
Iatrogenic cancer, carcinogenic drugs, 3 18-3 19
IC,, values, organophosphate-induced delayed
neuropathy (OPIDN), 350
Idiopathic environmental intolerances,
immunotoxicity, 204
Idiosyncratic reaction, defined, 5
IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, immunotoxicity, 194
Immune reactions:
hepatocellular degeneration and death, 120
immunotoxicity and 1899190
Immunogens, immunotoxicity, 190