Chapter 1, The Reptilian Spectacle - UWSpace - University of ...

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placed atop a 13% polyacrylamide gel, overlaid with agarose, and separated at a constant 0.2 mA for 1 hour. The gels were stained with colloidal coomassie and documented with a desktop scanner. Image enhancement was performed to extract maximum information from the gels. Estimates of pH were made based on the manufacturer’s published pH gradient profile for the specific IPG strips. 87
4.3 Results 4.3.1 Keratins of Coachwhip and Corn Snake Scales The proteins of spectacle, parietal (see Figure 4-2), and ventral scales of 3 coachwhip snakes were compared to determine differences between the scales and to ensure consistency of the methodology between samples. The gel is shown in Figure 4-3. 52 kDa > 24 kDa > 12 kDa > S1 P1 V1 S2 P2 V2 S3 P3 V3 } α keratins } ß keratins Figure 4-3. SDS-PAGE of spectacle (S), parietal (P) and ventral (V) scale proteins of coachwhip snakes. The numbers in the lane labels refer to three different snakes. The spectacle scales differ markedly in their ß keratin complement compared with parietal and ventral scales and differ also in the proportion of keratins. A faint, diffuse 24 kDa band appears in all samples. The results are comparable between the 3 individuals and show protein bands in the regions expected of α and ß keratins. The spectacle scales (S1, S2, S3) contain an abundance of a 12 kDa protein that corresponds with the ß keratin region and a lower proportion of a ~52 kDa protein that corresponds to α keratins and associated proteins. The latter are known to be present in snake skin based on cross-reactivity with anti-mammalian antibodies to loricrin, sciellin, filaggrin and transglutaminase (Alibardi & Toni 2005a). This greater proportion of ß to α keratin in the coachwhip spectacle scale may be due to its being thicker than other scales (van Doorn, unpubl. obs.) - if a thickened beta layer is responsible for the overall increase in thickness, then the equalized amount of protein in the loaded samples will be manifested as a variation in the α:ß ratio. The parietal and ventral 88
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Investigations on the Reptilian Spe
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Abstract The eyes of snakes and mos
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Heritage Library, Smithsonian Libra
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2.2.1 Animals 36 2.2.2 Experimental
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List of Figures 1-1. The earliest a
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List of Tables 2-1. Durations of sp
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UV-A Ultraviolet A (315-400 nm) UV-
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“Il est de connaissance presque v
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1.1 Anatomy of the spectacle The si
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corneum, 2- an inner stratum corneu
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The two layers he described in the
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Figure 1-5. Illustration of the spe
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injected spectacles clearly shows t
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Figure 1-8. In vivo confocal micros
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1.1.3 The Spectacles of Geckos Most
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1.1.4 The Spectacles of Amphisbaeni
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Gymnophthalmus (spectacled tegus) a
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appreciates on observing the sadly
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hydration state (van Doorn, unpubl.
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1.5 Adaptive Significance of the Sp
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diurnally active in hot and dry hab
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of his argument hinges on the prese
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• In Chapter 3, findings on the v
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2.1 Introduction This introduction
Page 49 and 50: 2.2 Methods & Materials The experim
Page 51 and 52: To allow for extended high-magnific
Page 53 and 54: At 30 minutes into the experiment,
Page 55 and 56: packages. All statistical analyses
Page 57 and 58: 2.3 Results 2.3.1 Spectacle blood f
Page 59 and 60: Figure 2-7. Graph of two representa
Page 61 and 62: 2.4 Discussion The purpose of this
Page 63 and 64: vascular changes were occurring onl
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 3, Spectral Transmission of
Page 67 and 68: like the cornea, may exhibit simila
Page 69 and 70: The scales of both the right and le
Page 71 and 72: Figure 3-1. Spectral transmittance
Page 73 and 74: % Transmittance % Transmission % Tr
Page 75 and 76: % % Transmittance Transmission % %
Page 77 and 78: λ 50% (nm) 420 400 380 360 340 320
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Page 81 and 82: Family Spearmanʼs rho p Colubridae
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Page 87 and 88: Another potential factor that may g
Page 89 and 90: Colubridae Colubrinae Elaphe taeniu
Page 91 and 92: Pythonidae Python sebae Rock Python
Page 93 and 94: 4.1 Introduction The reptilian spec
Page 95 and 96: thus be optimized to meet not only
Page 97 and 98: 4.2 Methods & Materials 4.2.1 Sampl
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Page 105 and 106: 76 kDa > 52 kDa > 24 kDa > 17 kDa >
Page 107 and 108: 31 kDa > 24 kDa > 17 kDa > 12 kDa >
Page 109 and 110: 4.3.4 2D Electrophoretic Comparison
Page 111 and 112: kDa 76 - 52 - 38 - 31 - 24 - 17 - 1
Page 113 and 114: (2007a) have theorized that basic
Page 115 and 116: spectacle, this layer may be partic
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 5, Summary and Concluding R
Page 119 and 120: evaluations of the elastic modulus
Page 121 and 122: References Addison WHF, How HW. 192
Page 123 and 124: Berkley MA, Wakins DW. 1973. Gratin
Page 125 and 126: Chou BR, Hawryshyn CW. 1987. Spectr
Page 127 and 128: Fox RH, Edholm OG. 1963. Nervous co
Page 129 and 130: Hinkley JA, Savitsky AH, River G, G
Page 131 and 132: Lee P, Wang CC, Adamis AP. 1998. Oc
Page 133 and 134: Mautz WJ. 1982. Patterns of evapora
Page 135 and 136: Rice GE, Bradshaw SD. 1980. Changes
Page 137 and 138: Sillman AJ, Govardovskiĭ WI, Röhl
Page 139 and 140: Valentin G. 1879a. Ein Beitrag zur
Page 141 and 142: Appendix A One cycle of spectacle b
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