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3.3 Results 3.3.1 Snake Spectacle Scale Transmittance The spectral transmittance curves of every snake sample measured in this study are plotted in Figure 3-1, which, although cluttered, clearly shows the variation encountered. With most species, the spectacle scales exhibit relatively high transmittance throughout the so-called visual spectrum. A gradual tapering from 750 nm is evident and could possibly be accounted for by an increase in scatter with shorter wavelengths due to scratches and irregularities on either surface of the scale. As well, though great care was taken to properly center the scales in the scanning beam’s path, slight decentration would reduce the measured transmittance due to refraction. Within the ultraviolet (UV) range (i.e. < 400 nm), significant variation is apparent in the profiles, with the degree of tapering and the cutoff wavelengths varying noticeably between species and families. Means, minima and maxima for each family and subfamily shown in Table 3-2. The λ50% of individual sheds can be found in Table 3-2 on page 74. Family Subfamily Mean λ50% (nm) Min λ50% Max λ50% Boidae 324 305 361 Boinae 319 305 361 Erycinae (Charina bottae) 351 n/a n/a Colubridae 347 312 406 Colubrinae 344 312 358 Xenodontinae (Heterodon platirhinos) 382 360 406 Elapidae 367 342 415 Pythonidae 318 305 334 Viperidae 317 303 331 Crotalinae 316 303 325 Viperinae (Bitis gabonica) 331 n/a n/a Table 3-1. Means, minima, and maxima of λ50% of each family and subfamily. Subfamilies Erycinae, Xenodontinae, and Viperinae are represented by only one species. Those values marked as “n/a” indicate only one specimen was available for that subfamily. 57
Figure 3-1. Spectral transmittance curves of all the snake spectacle scales in the study, organized by family. 100 90 80 70 60 50 Boidae Colubridae Elapidae Pythonidae Viperidae % Transmittance 58 40 30 20 10 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Wavelength (nm)
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Investigations on the Reptilian Spe
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Abstract The eyes of snakes and mos
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Heritage Library, Smithsonian Libra
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2.2.1 Animals 36 2.2.2 Experimental
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List of Figures 1-1. The earliest a
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List of Tables 2-1. Durations of sp
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UV-A Ultraviolet A (315-400 nm) UV-
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“Il est de connaissance presque v
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1.1 Anatomy of the spectacle The si
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Page 27 and 28: Figure 1-8. In vivo confocal micros
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Page 31 and 32: 1.1.4 The Spectacles of Amphisbaeni
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Page 37 and 38: hydration state (van Doorn, unpubl.
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Page 43 and 44: of his argument hinges on the prese
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Page 47 and 48: 2.1 Introduction This introduction
Page 49 and 50: 2.2 Methods & Materials The experim
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Page 55 and 56: packages. All statistical analyses
Page 57 and 58: 2.3 Results 2.3.1 Spectacle blood f
Page 59 and 60: Figure 2-7. Graph of two representa
Page 61 and 62: 2.4 Discussion The purpose of this
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Page 65 and 66: Chapter 3, Spectral Transmission of
Page 67 and 68: like the cornea, may exhibit simila
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Page 73 and 74: % Transmittance % Transmission % Tr
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Page 77 and 78: λ 50% (nm) 420 400 380 360 340 320
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Page 81 and 82: Family Spearmanʼs rho p Colubridae
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Page 89 and 90: Colubridae Colubrinae Elaphe taeniu
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Page 93 and 94: 4.1 Introduction The reptilian spec
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Page 97 and 98: 4.2 Methods & Materials 4.2.1 Sampl
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Page 101 and 102: 4.3 Results 4.3.1 Keratins of Coach
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Page 109 and 110: 4.3.4 2D Electrophoretic Comparison
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Page 117 and 118: Chapter 5, Summary and Concluding R
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References Addison WHF, How HW. 192
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Berkley MA, Wakins DW. 1973. Gratin
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Chou BR, Hawryshyn CW. 1987. Spectr
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Fox RH, Edholm OG. 1963. Nervous co
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Hinkley JA, Savitsky AH, River G, G
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Lee P, Wang CC, Adamis AP. 1998. Oc
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Mautz WJ. 1982. Patterns of evapora
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Rice GE, Bradshaw SD. 1980. Changes
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Sillman AJ, Govardovskiĭ WI, Röhl
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Valentin G. 1879a. Ein Beitrag zur
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Appendix A One cycle of spectacle b
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