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Table 3-2. List of individual spectacle scale samples used in the study, including 50% cutoff wavelengths and thicknesses. The list is organized by family, subfamily, and binomial nomenclature. Family Subfamily Species Common name λ50% (nm) Gekkonidae Gekkoninae Gekko grossmanni Marbled gecko 243 4 Gekkonidae Gekkoninae Phelsuma madagascariensis grandis Thickness (µm) Giant day gecko 246/266 3 Boidae Boinae Boa constrictor Boa Constrictor 317 20 Boidae Boinae Boa constrictor Boa Constrictor 314 16 Boidae Boinae Boa dumerili Dumerilʼs Boa 308 15 Boidae Boinae Boa dumerili Dumerilʼs Boa (juvenile) Boidae Boinae Corallus hortulanus Garden Tree Boa 305 308 14 Boidae Boinae Epicrates inornatus Puerto Rican Boa 318 12 Boidae Boinae Eunectes murinus Green Anaconda 361 Boidae Erycinae Charina bottae Rubber Boa 351 18 Colubridae Colubrinae Bogertophis subocularis Transpecos Ratsnake 336 20 Colubridae Colubrinae Drymarchon couperi Indigo Snake 350 50 Colubridae Colubrinae Elaphe guttata Corn snake 339 25 Colubridae Colubrinae Elaphe guttata Corn snake (hatchling) 339 18 Colubridae Colubrinae Elaphe obsoleta Black Ratsnake 347 19 Colubridae Colubrinae Elaphe obsoleta Black Ratsnake 354 Colubridae Colubrinae Elaphe obsoleta Black Ratsnake 334 Colubridae Colubrinae Elaphe obsoleta Black Ratsnake 344 Colubridae Colubrinae Elaphe obsoleta lindheimeri Colubridae Colubrinae Elaphe obsoleta lindheimeri 75 Texas rat snake (leucistic) Texas Rat snake (leucistic) 355 38 358
Colubridae Colubrinae Elaphe taeniura Beauty snake 343 33 Colubridae Colubrinae Elaphe taeniura Beauty snake 347 30 Colubridae Colubrinae Elaphe taeniura Beauty Snake 347 31 Colubridae Colubrinae Lampropeltis alterna Grey-banded Kingsnake Colubridae Colubrinae Lampropeltis alterna Grey-banded Kingsnake Colubridae Colubrinae Lampropeltis alterna Grey-banded Kingsnake Colubridae Colubrinae Lampropeltis mexicana thayeri Colubridae Colubrinae Lampropeltis triangulum hondurensis 313 19 333 20 312 14 Thayerʼs Kingsnake 326 20 Honduran MIlksnake 342 Colubridae Colubrinae Masticophis flagellum Eastern Coachwhip 355 40 Colubridae Colubrinae Masticophis flagellum Eastern Coachwhip 340 Colubridae Colubrinae Masticophis flagellum Eastern Coachwhip 350 50 Colubridae Colubrinae Masticophis flagellum Western Coachwhip 354 Colubridae Colubrinae Pituophis catenifer Gopher Snake 348 46 Colubridae Colubrinae Pituophis catenifer Gopher Snake 344 30 Colubridae Colubrinae Pituophis melanoleucus Colubridae Colubrinae Pituophis melanoleucus Colubridae Colubrinae Pituophis melanoleucus Colubridae Colubrinae Pituophis melanoleucus Colubridae Colubrinae Pituophis melanoleucus Colubridae Colubrinae Pituophis melanoleucus Colubridae Colubrinae Pituophis melanoleucus lodingi 76 Bullsnake 349 38 Bullsnake 344 35 Bullsnake 350 30 Northern Pine Snake 350 Northern Pine Snake 351 50 Southern Pine Snake Black Pine Snake 357 349 35
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Investigations on the Reptilian Spe
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Abstract The eyes of snakes and mos
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Heritage Library, Smithsonian Libra
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2.2.1 Animals 36 2.2.2 Experimental
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List of Figures 1-1. The earliest a
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List of Tables 2-1. Durations of sp
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UV-A Ultraviolet A (315-400 nm) UV-
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“Il est de connaissance presque v
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1.1 Anatomy of the spectacle The si
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corneum, 2- an inner stratum corneu
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The two layers he described in the
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Figure 1-5. Illustration of the spe
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injected spectacles clearly shows t
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Figure 1-8. In vivo confocal micros
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1.1.3 The Spectacles of Geckos Most
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1.1.4 The Spectacles of Amphisbaeni
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Gymnophthalmus (spectacled tegus) a
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appreciates on observing the sadly
Page 37 and 38: hydration state (van Doorn, unpubl.
Page 39 and 40: 1.5 Adaptive Significance of the Sp
Page 41 and 42: diurnally active in hot and dry hab
Page 43 and 44: of his argument hinges on the prese
Page 45 and 46: • In Chapter 3, findings on the v
Page 47 and 48: 2.1 Introduction This introduction
Page 49 and 50: 2.2 Methods & Materials The experim
Page 51 and 52: To allow for extended high-magnific
Page 53 and 54: At 30 minutes into the experiment,
Page 55 and 56: packages. All statistical analyses
Page 57 and 58: 2.3 Results 2.3.1 Spectacle blood f
Page 59 and 60: Figure 2-7. Graph of two representa
Page 61 and 62: 2.4 Discussion The purpose of this
Page 63 and 64: vascular changes were occurring onl
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 3, Spectral Transmission of
Page 67 and 68: like the cornea, may exhibit simila
Page 69 and 70: The scales of both the right and le
Page 71 and 72: Figure 3-1. Spectral transmittance
Page 73 and 74: % Transmittance % Transmission % Tr
Page 75 and 76: % % Transmittance Transmission % %
Page 77 and 78: λ 50% (nm) 420 400 380 360 340 320
Page 79 and 80: Thickness (!m) Figure 3-7. Plot of
Page 81 and 82: Family Spearmanʼs rho p Colubridae
Page 83 and 84: virtue of both being characteristic
Page 85 and 86: nocturnal (Brattstrom 1952; Klauber
Page 87: Another potential factor that may g
Page 91 and 92: Pythonidae Python sebae Rock Python
Page 93 and 94: 4.1 Introduction The reptilian spec
Page 95 and 96: thus be optimized to meet not only
Page 97 and 98: 4.2 Methods & Materials 4.2.1 Sampl
Page 99 and 100: for 15 minutes to remove all residu
Page 101 and 102: 4.3 Results 4.3.1 Keratins of Coach
Page 103 and 104: 24 kDa > 17 kDa > 12 kDa > S1 P1 V1
Page 105 and 106: 76 kDa > 52 kDa > 24 kDa > 17 kDa >
Page 107 and 108: 31 kDa > 24 kDa > 17 kDa > 12 kDa >
Page 109 and 110: 4.3.4 2D Electrophoretic Comparison
Page 111 and 112: kDa 76 - 52 - 38 - 31 - 24 - 17 - 1
Page 113 and 114: (2007a) have theorized that basic
Page 115 and 116: spectacle, this layer may be partic
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 5, Summary and Concluding R
Page 119 and 120: evaluations of the elastic modulus
Page 121 and 122: References Addison WHF, How HW. 192
Page 123 and 124: Berkley MA, Wakins DW. 1973. Gratin
Page 125 and 126: Chou BR, Hawryshyn CW. 1987. Spectr
Page 127 and 128: Fox RH, Edholm OG. 1963. Nervous co
Page 129 and 130: Hinkley JA, Savitsky AH, River G, G
Page 131 and 132: Lee P, Wang CC, Adamis AP. 1998. Oc
Page 133 and 134: Mautz WJ. 1982. Patterns of evapora
Page 135 and 136: Rice GE, Bradshaw SD. 1980. Changes
Page 137 and 138: Sillman AJ, Govardovskiĭ WI, Röhl
Page 139 and 140:
Valentin G. 1879a. Ein Beitrag zur
Page 141 and 142:
Appendix A One cycle of spectacle b
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