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Efron N, Carney LG. Oxygen levels beneath the closed eyelid. Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science 18(1): 93-95. Eigenmann CH. 1909. Cave vertebrates of America, a study in degenerative evolution. Carnegie Institute, Washington, D.C. 241 p. Emmerton J, Schwemer J, Muth I, Schlecht P. 1980. Spectral transmittance of the ocular media of the pigeon (Columba livia). Investigative Ophthalmology & Vision Science 19(11): 1382-1387. Feder ME, Burggren WW. 1985. Cutaneous gas exchange in vertebrates: design, patterns, control and implications. Biological Reviews 60: 1-45. Fernandes M, Sridhar MS, Sangwan VS, Rao GN. 2005. Amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction. Cornea 24(6): 643-653. Ficalbi E. 1888a. Ricerche Istologiche sel Tegumento dei Serpenti. In Atti Della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Residente in Pisa, Vol. IX, p 220-333. Ficalbi E. 1888b. Osservazioni Anatomiche ed Istologiche sull’ Apparecchio Palpebrale dei Serpenti e dei Gechidi. In Atti Della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Residente in Pisa, Vol. IX, p 335-355. Findlater GS, McDougall RD, Kaufman MH. 1993. Eyelid development, fusion and subsequent reopening in the mouse. Journal of Anatomy 183(Pt 1): 121-129. Fischer E. 1899. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Nasenhöhle und des Thränennasenganges der Amphisbaeniden. Archiv für Mikroskopische Anatomie 55(1): 441-478. Fleishman LJ, Loew ER, Leal M. 1993. Ultraviolet vision in lizards. Nature 365: 397. Flores Scarsso V, Pelligrino de Iraldi A. 1973. On the regeneration of the eye in Helix aspersa and Cryptomphallus aspersa. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung 142: 63-68. Foureaux G, Egami MI, Jared C, Antoniazzi MM, Gutierre RC, Smith RL. 2009. Rudimentary eyes of squamate fossorial reptiles (Amphisbaenia and Serpentes). The Anatomical Record 293: 351-357. 113
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Page 1 and 2:
Investigations on the Reptilian Spe
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Abstract The eyes of snakes and mos
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Heritage Library, Smithsonian Libra
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2.2.1 Animals 36 2.2.2 Experimental
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List of Figures 1-1. The earliest a
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List of Tables 2-1. Durations of sp
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UV-A Ultraviolet A (315-400 nm) UV-
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“Il est de connaissance presque v
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1.1 Anatomy of the spectacle The si
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corneum, 2- an inner stratum corneu
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The two layers he described in the
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Figure 1-5. Illustration of the spe
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injected spectacles clearly shows t
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Figure 1-8. In vivo confocal micros
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1.1.3 The Spectacles of Geckos Most
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1.1.4 The Spectacles of Amphisbaeni
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Gymnophthalmus (spectacled tegus) a
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appreciates on observing the sadly
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hydration state (van Doorn, unpubl.
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1.5 Adaptive Significance of the Sp
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diurnally active in hot and dry hab
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of his argument hinges on the prese
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• In Chapter 3, findings on the v
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2.1 Introduction This introduction
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2.2 Methods & Materials The experim
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To allow for extended high-magnific
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At 30 minutes into the experiment,
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packages. All statistical analyses
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2.3 Results 2.3.1 Spectacle blood f
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Figure 2-7. Graph of two representa
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2.4 Discussion The purpose of this
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vascular changes were occurring onl
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Chapter 3, Spectral Transmission of
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like the cornea, may exhibit simila
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The scales of both the right and le
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Figure 3-1. Spectral transmittance
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% Transmittance % Transmission % Tr
Page 75 and 76: % % Transmittance Transmission % %
Page 77 and 78: λ 50% (nm) 420 400 380 360 340 320
Page 79 and 80: Thickness (!m) Figure 3-7. Plot of
Page 81 and 82: Family Spearmanʼs rho p Colubridae
Page 83 and 84: virtue of both being characteristic
Page 85 and 86: nocturnal (Brattstrom 1952; Klauber
Page 87 and 88: Another potential factor that may g
Page 89 and 90: Colubridae Colubrinae Elaphe taeniu
Page 91 and 92: Pythonidae Python sebae Rock Python
Page 93 and 94: 4.1 Introduction The reptilian spec
Page 95 and 96: thus be optimized to meet not only
Page 97 and 98: 4.2 Methods & Materials 4.2.1 Sampl
Page 99 and 100: for 15 minutes to remove all residu
Page 101 and 102: 4.3 Results 4.3.1 Keratins of Coach
Page 103 and 104: 24 kDa > 17 kDa > 12 kDa > S1 P1 V1
Page 105 and 106: 76 kDa > 52 kDa > 24 kDa > 17 kDa >
Page 107 and 108: 31 kDa > 24 kDa > 17 kDa > 12 kDa >
Page 109 and 110: 4.3.4 2D Electrophoretic Comparison
Page 111 and 112: kDa 76 - 52 - 38 - 31 - 24 - 17 - 1
Page 113 and 114: (2007a) have theorized that basic
Page 115 and 116: spectacle, this layer may be partic
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 5, Summary and Concluding R
Page 119 and 120: evaluations of the elastic modulus
Page 121 and 122: References Addison WHF, How HW. 192
Page 123 and 124: Berkley MA, Wakins DW. 1973. Gratin
Page 125: Chou BR, Hawryshyn CW. 1987. Spectr
Page 129 and 130: Hinkley JA, Savitsky AH, River G, G
Page 131 and 132: Lee P, Wang CC, Adamis AP. 1998. Oc
Page 133 and 134: Mautz WJ. 1982. Patterns of evapora
Page 135 and 136: Rice GE, Bradshaw SD. 1980. Changes
Page 137 and 138: Sillman AJ, Govardovskiĭ WI, Röhl
Page 139 and 140: Valentin G. 1879a. Ein Beitrag zur
Page 141 and 142: Appendix A One cycle of spectacle b
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