Chapter 1, The Reptilian Spectacle - UWSpace - University of ...

List of Figures
1-1. The earliest accurate illustration of the spectacle’s relationship with the eye 5
1-2. Early illustration of the layers of the spectacle 6
1-3. In vivo confocal microscope images of the spectacle dermis and conjunctiva 7
1-4. Earliest known illustration of the spectacle vasculature 9
1-5. Illustration of the spectacle vasculature of Hierophis viridiflavus 10
1-6. Photograph of the eye of a coachwhip snake, Masticophis flagellum, during the renewal phase 11
1-7. Early illustration of the spectacle nerves of Natrix tessellata 13
1-8. In vivo confocal microscopy image of a spectacle nerve of a coachwhip snake (Masticophis
flagellum) 14
1-9. Early diagram of the typhlopid eye and its relationship with the spectacle 15
1-10. Portraits of a marbled gecko, Gekko grossmanni, and a giant day gecko, Phelsuma
madagascariensis grandis 16
1-11. Early generalized diagram of the amphisbaenid eye and its relationship with the spectacle 18
1-12. Photograph of the eye of a coachwhip snake, Masticophis flagellum 22
1-13. Diagram of the effects of uneven interface between layers with different refractive indices 24
2-1. Photographs of the eye of a coachwhip snake, Masticophis flagellum 34
2-2. Transmission spectra of photographic films used as NIR filters 37
2-3. Spectral transmission of the acrylic material used to fashion the holding box 38
2-4. Experimental setup 39
2-5. Timeline of an experimental trial 40
2-6. Two example trials showing spectacle blood flow patterns in undisturbed snakes 45
2-7. Graph of two representation trials 46
2-8. Plot of the proportion of time during which spectacle blood flow occurred before
during and after each threat event 46
3-1. Spectral transmittance curves of all snake spectacle scales in the study, organized by family 58
3-2. Spectacle scale transmittance spectra of individual families 60
3-3. Spectacle scale transmittance spectra of Python reticulatus 61
3-4. Spectacle scale transmittance spectra of individual colubrid genera 62
3-5. Spectacle scale transmittance spectra in gekkonid geckos 63
3-6. 50% cutoff wavelengths of spectacle scales grouped by family 64
3-7. Plot of spectacle scale thicknesses grouped by family 66
3-8. Correlation & regression plot of λ50% versus scale thickness 67
4-1. Diagram of the various layers of a shed reptilian scale 81
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