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Rokeach, M. (1973). The Nature of Human Values. New York: The Free Press. Rokeach, M. (1979). Understanding Human Values. New York: The Free Press. Rousseau, J. (1993). The Social Contract and the Discourses. London: David Campbell Publishers Ltd. RSPCA. (2006). Ban Hunting. Retrieved March 3, 2006, from http://banhunting.rspca.org.uk/ Ryan, A. (1993). Introduction. In J. Rousseau, (1993). The Social Contract and the Discourses. London: David Campbell Publishers Ltd. Sartre, J. (1958). Being and Nothingness. London: Routledge Classics. Sartre, J. (1962). Nausea. London: Hamish Hamilton. Sabergh, G. & Edgerton, R. (1962). Sterilized Mental Defectives Look at Eugenic Sterilization. Eugenics Quarterly, 9, 213-222. Savulescu, J. (1995). Rational non-interventional paternalism: Why doctors ought to make judgments of what is best for their patients. Journal of Medical Ethics, 21(6), 327-331. Sayers, G., & Parera, S. (2002). Witholding life prolonging treatment, and self deception. Journal of Medical Ethics, 28, 347-352. Schneewind, J.B. (1992). Autonomy, obligation, and virtue: An overview of Kant’s moral philosophy. In Guyer, P. (Ed.). (1992). The Cambridge Companion to Kant. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Seddon, M. (1999). Rationing health care in New Zealand. British Medical Journal, 319, 708. Seedhouse, D. (1998). Ethics. The Heart of Health Care (2nd ed.). Chichester: Wiley. Seedhouse, D. (2002). Total Health Promotion: Mental Health, Rational Fields and the Quest for Autonomy. Chichester: Wiley. Seedhouse, D. (2005). Values-Based Decision-Making for the Caring Professions. Chichester: Wiley. Sheldon, S. (1997). Beyond control. Medical power and Abortion Law. London: Pluto Press. Sheldon, S. (1998). 'A responsible body of medical men skilled in that particular art....': Rethinking the Bolam test. In S. Sheldon & M. Thomson (Eds.), Feminist Perspectives on Health Care Law (pp. 15-32). London: Cavendish Publishing Limited. 222
Singer, P. (2001). Writings on an Ethical Life. London: Harper Collins. Slapper, G., & Kelly, D. (1999). The English Legal System (4th ed.). London: Cavendish. Smeritschnig, B., Jaksch, P., Kocher, A., Seebacher, G., Aigner, C., Mazhar, S., et al. (2005). Quality of life after lung transplantation: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 24(4), 474-480. Smith, C. (2000). The sovereign state v Foucault: law and disciplinary power. The Sociological Review, 283-306. Spiers, J. (1997). Who owns our bodies? Making moral choices in healthcare. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press. Stauch, M., Wheat, K., & Tingle, J. (1998). Sourcebook on Medical Law. London: Cavendish Publishing Limited. Taylor, M. (1993). ‘The nurse-patient relationship’. Senior Nurse. Sep-Oct, 13(,5), 14- 18 Thomas, P. (2002). Legislative responses to terrorism. Retrieved January 3, 2006, from www.guardian.co.uk/september11/oneyearon Thomson, G. (2003). On Kant. London: Thomson Learning. Veatch, R. M. (1995). Abandoning informed consent. Hastings Center Report, 25(2), 5- 13. Ward, N. (1977). Thomas S.Kuhn: Revolutionary Theorist of Science. Science, 197(8 July): 143-145 Warnock, M. (1978). Ethics since 1900 (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Weber, R. (1990). Basic Content Analysis. Newbury Park, California: Sage. Wexler, D. (2000). Therapeutic Jurisprudence: An Overview. Cooley Law Review, 125, 6-10. Whitty, N. (1998). 'In a Perfect World': Feminism and Health Care Resource Allocation. In S. Sheldon & M. Thomson (Eds.), Feminist Perspectives on Health Care Law (pp. 135-154). London: Cavendish Publishing Limited. Wicks, E., Wyldes, M., & Kilby, M. (2004). The right to require life-prolonging treatment. Medical Law Review, 12(Autumn), 306-322 wikipedia.org (No Date). Milgram Experiment. Retrieved February 1, 2006, from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milgram_experiment. 223
Page 1 and 2:
A Philosophical Critique of the Bes
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Legal principle ...................
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Legal process .....................
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Attestation of Authorship “I here
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Dedication To all the people who ha
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Introduction This thesis is a philo
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• Detention of an adult with auti
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compatible donor. Y appeared to be
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grounds. The value judgements which
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Cases concerning sterilisation of w
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esearch, Mercer identified the bias
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the judge conclude that the applica
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Chapter 1 - The objectivist myth Th
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purely empirically and scientifical
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of values-based law is based on the
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knowledge, and suggests that if kno
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Aren’t some values fundamental? A
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economics and sociology. A differen
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Some of Damasio’s everyday exampl
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longer do so? Or because he has no-
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Hume’s psychology of the passions
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authority is refuted by Kohlberg’
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Societies and cultures Biological f
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cases by means of precedent; “by
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throughout the world. Sir Meadow ac
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paradigm, legal methods are employe
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Precedent It has been argued that w
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eading the same newspapers and watc
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Dworkin’s response appears to be
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that the behaviour has detrimental
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means, for example, that people are
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Kant’s philosophy is uncompromisi
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know the victim is your son. Kant
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greatest number. Faced with the ver
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eal life decisions is impossible wi
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Chapter 2 - Values-based Law There
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ules which is decisive on every iss
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the social world that we live in. C
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Consider another incident in Lord o
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35). However, as I have tried to sh
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Part Two - The State of Nature The
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maintaining the fire. The fire goes
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the boys, they discard their identi
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Locke, 2002, p. 3 Accordingly, natu
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Stage three is the state of nature.
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Describing the background to his no
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longer calmer periods - which he ca
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As time distanced the boys from the
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In response to the new paradigm, th
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The public debate facilitates the e
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Consider the enactment of English p
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sun. And so on. We do not say, at t
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Theoretical methods for fixing laws
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Consider the recent enactment of th
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Chapter 3 - Bad Faith Values-based
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In Being and Nothingness Sartre int
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What makes bad faith bad? If we per
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How can we believe by bad faith in
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Good faith A further implication of
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mother.” (Warnock, 1978, p. 117).
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The Milgram experiments and bad fai
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The agentic state From his findings
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Self-deception For Sartre, self-dec
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to continue to follow the orders of
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state in which soldiers become inst
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emain unanswered and important aspe
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Conscious awareness However success
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Objectification. Intention Deceptio
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Case study 2 - the American soldier
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of this kind, unfathomable situatio
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Good faith Gillman’s research dem
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the question at hand. The question
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opportunities for discussion and de
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situations we meet in our every day
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I contend that because we seek cert
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For years, health professionals hav
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The sterilisation was regarded as u
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the sterilisation procedure would b
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Decision making is further inhibite
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subjectivity and denying the inesca
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uncertainty about the provision of
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In 3 instances 12 it was establishe
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childbirth, child-rearing, and that
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More recent research supports Saber
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doctor reported that C “did under
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assertion that traditional societie
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Re M appears to be the only case in
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irregular periods. The mother descr
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hysterectomy for a 29 year old woma
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Three cases adopted a predominantly
Page 181 and 182: A cluster of cases from Australia f
Page 183 and 184: equires a ceasarian section deliver
Page 185 and 186: (1) In determining for the purposes
Page 187 and 188: clinical judgement values are objec
Page 189 and 190: Conclusion and recommendations An a
Page 191 and 192: allocation of scarce health resourc
Page 193 and 194: Values transparency in best interes
Page 195 and 196: What if… judges were able to expl
Page 197 and 198: Epilogue I write this epilogue in r
Page 199 and 200: of high quality research’ at the
Page 201 and 202: Visualising our personal values on
Page 203 and 204: Rational fields Rational fields and
Page 205 and 206: Type 5: ‘Filing reality - classif
Page 207 and 208: Within the rational field is not on
Page 209 and 210: conclusion about value, about what
Page 211 and 212: A similar picture emerges from the
Page 213 and 214: The present appeal raises moral, le
Page 215 and 216: expressing differing emotional resp
Page 217 and 218: Environment Doctor knows best Relat
Page 219 and 220: Statute The Code of Health and Disa
Page 221 and 222: Re S (Medical Treatment; Adult Ster
Page 223 and 224: Biegler, P. (2002). Should patients
Page 225 and 226: Eastman, N., & Peay, J. (1999). Law
Page 227 and 228: Henaghan, M. (2002). Human rights a
Page 229 and 230: Laurie, G. T., & Mason, J. K. (2000
Page 231: Myser, C. (1994). A philolosophical
Page 235 and 236: Case reference Re H [1993] NZFLR LE
Page 237 and 238: Re S (Medical Treatment; Adult Ster
Page 239 and 240: In re B (A Minor) Wardship: Sterili
Page 241 and 242: Case reference Re X (Sterilisation:
Page 243 and 244: Re Marion (No 2) [1992] 17 FamLR Au
Page 245 and 246: Re S (Adult Patient: Sterilisation)
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