FEMA P55 Coastal Construction Manual, Fourth Edition - Mad Cad

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Volume II DESIGNING THE BUILDING 9 Most load path failures have been observed to occur at connections as opposed to the failure of an individual structural member (e.g. roof rafter or wall stud). Improvements in codes, design, and materials over the past decade have resulted in improved performance of structural systems. As the structural systems perform better, other issues related to load path—such as building envelope issues—become apparent. COASTAL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL Figure 9-3. Roof framing damage and loss due to load path failure at top of wall/roof structure connection, Hurricane Charley (Punta Gorda, FL, 2004) Figure 9-4. Load path failure in connections between roof decking and roof framing, Hurricane Charley (Punta Gorda, FL, 2004) CROSS REFERENCE For a discussion of building envelope issues, see Chapter 11 of this Manual. 9-3
9 DESIGNING THE BUILDING Volume II Figure 9-5. Newer home damaged from internal pressurization and inadequate connections, Hurricane Katrina (Pass Christian, MS, 2005) Load path guidance in this chapter is focused primarily on elements of the building structure, excluding foundation elements. Foundation elements are addressed in Chapter 10. Examples are provided primarily to illustrate how the load path resists wind uplift forces, but a complete building design includes a consideration of numerous other forces on the load path, including those from gravity loads and lateral loads. The examples illustrate important concepts and best practices in accordance with building codes and standards but do not represent an exhaustive collection of load calculation methods. See the applicable building code, standard, or design manual for more detailed guidance. Figure 9-6 shows a load path for wind uplift beginning with the connection of roof sheathing to roof framing and ending with the resistance of the pile to wind uplift. Links #1 through #8 in the figure show connections that have been observed during investigations after high-wind events to be vulnerable to localized failure. However, the load path does not end with the resistance of the pile to wind uplift. The end of transfer through the load path occurs when the loads from the building are transferred into the soil (see Chapter 10 for information about the interaction of foundations and soils). Adequately sizing and detailing every link is important for overall performance because even a small localized failure can lead to a progressive failure of the building structure. The links shown in Figure 9-6 are discussed in more detail in Sections 9.1.1 through 9.1.8. For additional illustration of the concept of load path, see Fact Sheet 4.1, Load Paths, in FEMA P-499 (FEMA 2010b). 9.1.1 Roof Sheathing to Framing Connection (Link #1) Link #1 is the nailed connection of the roof sheathing to the roof framing (see Figures 9-6 and 9-7). Design considerations include ensuring the connection has adequate strength to resist both the withdrawal of the nail shank from the roof framing and the sheathing’s pulling over the head of the fastener (also referred to as “head pull-through”). Because of the potential for head pull-through and the required minimum nailing for diaphragm shear capacity, fastener spacing is typically not increased even where shank withdrawal strength 9-4 COASTAL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
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Coastal Construction Manual Princip
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All illustrations in this document
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PREFACE Volume II Chapter 8 - Site-
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1 CHAPTER TITLE Contents COASTAL CO
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Volume II CONTENTS Chapter 9. Desig
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Volume II PRE-DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
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12 INSTALLING MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
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13 CONSTRUCTING THE BUILDING Volume
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14 MAINTAINING THE BUILDING Volume
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1 CHAPTER TITLE Acronyms COASTAL CO
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Volume II ACRONYMS H HMA Hazard Mit
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Volume II ACRONYMS T TMS The Masonr
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GLOSSARY Volume II Basement - Under
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GLOSSARY Volume II Conditions Great
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GLOSSARY Volume II F Federal Emerge
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GLOSSARY Volume II G Gabion - Rock-
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GLOSSARY Volume II Location - The l
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GLOSSARY Volume II O Open foundatio
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GLOSSARY Volume II Risk tolerance -
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GLOSSARY Volume II safe living cond
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GLOSSARY Volume II Z Zone A - Under
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INDEX Volume II Building envelope,
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INDEX Volume II stillwater flood de
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INDEX Volume II Floodborne debris d
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INDEX Volume II I IBHS (see Insuran
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INDEX Volume II date of constructio
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INDEX Volume II Seawall, 7-7, 7-17,
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INDEX Volume II velocity pressure,
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FEMA P55 Coastal Construction Manual, Fourth Edition - Mad Cad

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