FEMA P55 Coastal Construction Manual, Fourth Edition - Mad Cad

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Volume II CONSTRUCTING THE BUILDING 13 In addition, all portions of walls designed as shearwalls must be covered with sheathing nailed in accordance with either the plans or a specified prescriptive standard. 13.2.3.1 Substitution of Wall Framing Materials The considerations discussed in Section 13.1.8 for substitution of foundation materials also apply to substitutions of wall framing materials. 13.2.3.2 Wall Framing Inspection Points Proper connections between elements of the wall framing help to guarantee a continuous load path and the diaphragm action of the walls is intact. If not completed properly, there are many construction details in the floor framing that can become structural inadequacies and fail during a severe natural hazard event or cause premature failure because of deterioration caused by the harsh coastal environment. Table 13-2 is a list of suggested critical inspection points that can be used as a guide for wall framing inspections. Table 13-2. Wall Inspection Points Inspection Point Reason 1. Wall framing attachment to floors Ensures that nails are of sufficient size, type, and number 2. Size and location of openings Ensures performance of shear wall 3. Wall stud blocking Ensures that there is support for edges of sheathing material 4. Sheathing nailing – number, spacing, depth of nails Ensures that sheathing acts as a shear diaphragm 5. Material storage – protection from elements prior to installation Ensures that the wood does not absorb too much moisture prior to installation—exposure promotes checks and splits in wood, warp, and separation in plywood 6. Stud material – excessive crown (crook) or lateral warping (bow) 7. Header support over openings 13.2.4 Roof Framing Proper roof construction is very important in highwind and earthquake hazard areas. Reviews of wind damage to coastal buildings reveal that most damage starts with the failure of roof elements. The structural integrity of the roof depends on a complete load path, including the resistance to uplift of porch and roof overhangs, gable end overhangs, roof sheathing nailing, roof framing nailing and strapping, roof member-to-wall strapping, and gable end-wall bracing. COASTAL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL Maintains plumb walls and eliminates eccentricities in vertical loading Ensures that vertical and lateral loads will be transferred along the continuous load path WARNING The most common roof structure failure is the uplift failure of porch, eave, and gable end overhangs. The next most common is roof sheathing peeling away from the framing. Nailing the sheathing at the leading edge of the roof, the gable edge, and the joints at the hip rafter or ridge is very important, as is securing the roof framing to prevent uplift. This failure point (leading edge of sheathing at gable edge, ridge, and hip) is also the most likely place for progressive failure of the entire structure to begin. 13-27
13 CONSTRUCTING THE BUILDING Volume II All of this construction must use the specified wood materials, straps, and nails. The appropriate nails must be used in all of the holes in the straps so that the straps develop their full strength. Sheathing nails must be of the specified length, diameter, and head, and the sheathing must be nailed at the correct spacing. In addition, sheathing nails must penetrate the underlying roof framing members and must not be overdriven, which frequently occurs when pneumatic nail guns are used. When prefabricated roof trusses are used, handling precautions must be observed, and the trusses must be laterally braced as specified by the design professional or manufacturer. Fact Sheets 7.1 through 7.4 in <strong>FEMA</strong> P-499 discuss roof construction, including sheathing installation, asphalt shingle roofing, and tile roofing. To meet the design intent, roofs must meet the following requirements: Roof trusses and rafters must be properly attached to the walls Roof sheathing must be nailed according to either the construction plans or a specified prescriptive standard Roofs must consist of materials expected to resist corrosion and deterioration, particularly the connectors 13.2.4.1 Substitution of Roof Framing Materials The considerations discussed in Section 13.1.8 for substitution of foundation materials also apply to substitutions of roof framing materials. 13.2.4.2 Roof Frame Inspection Points Proper connections between elements of the roof frame help to guarantee a continuous load path and the diaphragm action of the walls is intact. If not completed properly, there are many construction details in the roof framing that can become structural inadequacies and fail during a severe natural hazard event or cause premature failure because of deterioration caused by the harsh coastal environment. Table 13-3 contains suggestions of critical inspection points as a guide for roof framing inspections. 13.2.5 Top Structural Frame Issues for Builders The top structural frame issues for builders are as follows: Connections between structural elements (e.g., roofs to walls) must be made so that the full natural hazard forces are transferred along a continuous load path. Care must be taken to nail elements so that the nails are fully embedded. WARNING Do not substitute nails, fasteners, or connectors without approval of the designer. Compliance with manufacturers’ recommendations on hardware use and load ratings is critically important. 13-28 COASTAL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
Page 1 and 2:
Coastal Construction Manual Princip
Page 3 and 4:
All illustrations in this document
Page 5 and 6:
PREFACE Volume II Chapter 8 - Site-
Page 7 and 8:
1 CHAPTER TITLE Contents COASTAL CO
Page 9 and 10:
Volume II CONTENTS Chapter 9. Desig
Page 11 and 12:
Volume II CONTENTS Chapter 11. Desi
Page 13 and 14:
Volume II CONTENTS 12.5 Water and W
Page 15 and 16:
Volume II CONTENTS 15.4.1 Evaluatin
Page 17 and 18:
Volume II CONTENTS Figure 9-10. Roo
Page 19 and 20:
Volume II CONTENTS Figure 11-3. Hou
Page 21 and 22:
Volume II CONTENTS Figure 11-47. Da
Page 23 and 24:
Volume II CONTENTS Chapter 15 Figur
Page 25 and 26:
Volume II CONTENTS Table 10-9. Adva
Page 27 and 28:
Volume II CONTENTS Example 8.4. Flo
Page 29 and 30:
1 CHAPTER TITLE COASTAL CONSTRUCTIO
Page 31 and 32:
Volume II PRE-DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
8 DETERMINING SITE-SPECIFIC LOADS V
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
9 DESIGNING THE BUILDING Volume II
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Volume II DESIGNING THE FOUNDATION
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
10 DESIGNING THE FOUNDATION Volume
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Volume II Designing the builDing en
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272: Volume II Designing the builDing en
Page 285 and 286: 12 INSTALLING MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
Page 297 and 298: 13 CONSTRUCTING THE BUILDING Volume
Page 321: 13 CONSTRUCTING THE BUILDING Volume
Page 329 and 330: 14 MAINTAINING THE BUILDING Volume
Page 341 and 342: 1 CHAPTER TITLE COASTAL CONSTRUCTIO
Page 343 and 344: Volume II RETROFITTING BUILDINGS FO
Page 363 and 364: 1 CHAPTER TITLE Acronyms COASTAL CO
Page 365 and 366: Volume II ACRONYMS H HMA Hazard Mit
Page 367 and 368: Volume II ACRONYMS T TMS The Masonr
Page 369 and 370: GLOSSARY Volume II Basement - Under
Page 371 and 372: GLOSSARY Volume II Conditions Great
Page 373 and 374:
GLOSSARY Volume II F Federal Emerge
Page 375 and 376:
GLOSSARY Volume II G Gabion - Rock-
Page 377 and 378:
GLOSSARY Volume II Location - The l
Page 379 and 380:
GLOSSARY Volume II O Open foundatio
Page 381 and 382:
GLOSSARY Volume II Risk tolerance -
Page 383 and 384:
GLOSSARY Volume II safe living cond
Page 385 and 386:
GLOSSARY Volume II Z Zone A - Under
Page 387 and 388:
INDEX Volume II Building envelope,
Page 389 and 390:
INDEX Volume II stillwater flood de
Page 391 and 392:
INDEX Volume II Floodborne debris d
Page 393 and 394:
INDEX Volume II I IBHS (see Insuran
Page 395 and 396:
INDEX Volume II date of constructio
Page 397 and 398:
INDEX Volume II Seawall, 7-7, 7-17,
Page 399 and 400:
INDEX Volume II velocity pressure,
show all

FEMA P55 Coastal Construction Manual, Fourth Edition - Mad Cad

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?