FEMA P55 Coastal Construction Manual, Fourth Edition - Mad Cad

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15 RETROFITTING BUILDINGS FOR NATURAL HAZARDS Volume II A levee is typically a compacted earthen structure that blocks floodwaters from coming into contact with the structure. To be WARNING effective over time, levees must be constructed of suitable materials While floodwalls and levees (i.e., impervious soils) and have the correct side slopes for stability. are allowed under NFIP Levees may completely surround the structure or tie to high regulations, they do not make ground at each end. Levees are generally limited to homes where a noncompliant structure floodwaters are less than 5 feet deep. Otherwise, the cost and the compliant under the NFIP. land area required for such barriers usually make them impractical for the average owner. See Table 15-5 for a list of the advantages and disadvantages for retrofitting a home against flooding hazards using floodwalls and levees. Table 15-5. Advantages and Disadvantages of a Floodwall or Levee Advantages Disadvantages • Protects the area around the structure from inundation without significant changes to the structure • Eliminates pressure from floodwaters that would cause structural damage to the home or other structures in the protected area • Costs less to build than elevating or relocating the structure • Allows the structure to be occupied during construction • Reduces flood risk to the structure and its contents • Reduces the physical, financial, and emotional strain that accompanies flood events SOURCE: FEMA 259 NFIP = National Flood Insurance Program • Does not satisfy the NFIP requirements for bringing substantially damaged or improved structures into compliance • May fail or be overtopped by large floods or floods of long duration • May be expensive • Requires periodic maintenance • Requires interior drainage • May affect local drainage, possibly resulting in water problems for others • Does not reduce flood insurance premiums • May restrict access to structure • Requires considerable land (levees only) • Does not eliminate the need to evacuate during floods • May require warning and human intervention for closures • May violate applicable codes or regulations Floodwalls are engineered barriers designed to keep floodwaters from coming into contact with the structure. Floodwalls can be constructed in a wide variety of shapes and sizes but are typically built of reinforced concrete and/or masonry materials. See Figure 15-13 for an example of a home protected by both a floodwall and a levee. 15.3.6 Multihazard Mitigation The architect, engineer, or code official must recognize that retrofitting a residential structure for flooding may affect how the structure will react to hazards other than flooding. Non-flood-related hazards such as earthquake and wind forces should also be considered when retrofitting for flood-related hazards such as water-borne ice and debris-impact forces, erosion forces, and mudslide impacts. Retrofitting a structure to withstand only floodwater forces may impair the structure’s resistance to the multiple hazards mentioned above. Thus, it is important to approach retrofitting with a multi-hazard perspective. 15-14 COASTAL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
Volume II RETROFITTING BUILDINGS FOR NATURAL HAZARDS 15 15.4 High-Wind Mitigation COASTAL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL Figure 15-13. Home protected by a floodwall and a levee The high-wind natural hazards that affect the hurricane-prone regions of the United States are hurricanes, tropical storms, typhoons, nor’easters, and tornadoes. This section addresses protecting existing residential structures from hurricane damage. The evaluation process and implementation methods for wind retrofit projects discussed in this section are described more fully in FEMA P-804, Wind Retrofit Guide for Residential Building (FEMA 2010c) (see Figure 15-14). Figure 15-14. FEMA P-804, Wind Retrofit Guide for Residential Buildings NOTE Unless otherwise stated, all wind speeds in FEMA P-804 are ASCE 7-05 3-second gust wind speeds and correspond to design requirements set forth in ASCE 7-05 and 2006 IRC and 2009 IRC. Because of the changes in the ASCE 7-10 wind speed map, it is not appropriate to use the ASCE 7-10 wind speed map in combination with the provisions of ASCE 7-05 and the older codes. 15-15
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Coastal Construction Manual Princip
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PREFACE Volume II Chapter 8 - Site-
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1 CHAPTER TITLE Contents COASTAL CO
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12 INSTALLING MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
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13 CONSTRUCTING THE BUILDING Volume
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Page 363 and 364: 1 CHAPTER TITLE Acronyms COASTAL CO
Page 365 and 366: Volume II ACRONYMS H HMA Hazard Mit
Page 367 and 368: Volume II ACRONYMS T TMS The Masonr
Page 369 and 370: GLOSSARY Volume II Basement - Under
Page 371 and 372: GLOSSARY Volume II Conditions Great
Page 373 and 374: GLOSSARY Volume II F Federal Emerge
Page 375 and 376: GLOSSARY Volume II G Gabion - Rock-
Page 377 and 378: GLOSSARY Volume II Location - The l
Page 379 and 380: GLOSSARY Volume II O Open foundatio
Page 381 and 382: GLOSSARY Volume II Risk tolerance -
Page 383 and 384: GLOSSARY Volume II safe living cond
Page 385 and 386: GLOSSARY Volume II Z Zone A - Under
Page 387 and 388: INDEX Volume II Building envelope,
Page 389 and 390: INDEX Volume II stillwater flood de
Page 391 and 392: INDEX Volume II Floodborne debris d
Page 393 and 394: INDEX Volume II I IBHS (see Insuran
Page 395 and 396: INDEX Volume II date of constructio
Page 397 and 398: INDEX Volume II Seawall, 7-7, 7-17,
Page 399 and 400: INDEX Volume II velocity pressure,
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FEMA P55 Coastal Construction Manual, Fourth Edition - Mad Cad

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