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T&C SELECTION Give details about the selection criteria for T&C groups (e.g. population, facility – dependent on unit of study) T&C MATCHING Are T&C groups matched on explicit criteria? yes no unclear/not stated N/A T&C MATCHING LIST On what variables are T&C groups matched? Select as many responses as required socio-demographic variables (e.g. SES, ethnicity etc.) access to service/intervention geographic location none of the above (please enter details) T&C GEOGRAPHY Is the control group geographically separate from the treatment group? yes no unclear/not stated N/A Appendix 2.5 T&C CONTAMINATION Is control contamination addressed in the item being reviewed (e.g. article)? Control contamination here refers to interaction between the T&C groups (e.g. the intervention group passes on information to the control group in a health education intervention) yes (please enter details) (e.g. intention to treat) no unclear/not stated N/A PARTICIPANT BLINDING Were the participants blinded? yes no unclear/not stated N/A OBSERVER BLINDING Were the observers blinded? What are the effects of different models of delivery for improving maternal and infant health outcomes for poor people in urban areas in low income and lower middle income countries? 96
yes no unclear/not stated N/A Study design (experimental study without concurrent control) GROUPS SELECTION Was the group selection specified? (e.g. inclusion/exclusion criteria) Appendix 2.5 yes (please enter details) Give selection criteria for groups (e.g. population, facility – dependent on unit of study) no unclear/not stated N/A M&E INFO Is the outcome measured before and after the intervention? yes no unclear/not stated N/A M&E METHOD Is the measurement method the same pre- and post? yes no unclear/not stated N/A M&E METHOD CHANGE If the measurement method is not the same pre- and post, then is any reason given for changing the measurement pre- and post? yes (please enter details) no unclear/not stated BIASES/LIMITATIONS Is there discussion of possible biases or limitations? yes no unclear/not stated Study design (observational studies with comparison group) What are the effects of different models of delivery for improving maternal and infant health outcomes for poor people in urban areas in low income and lower middle income countries? 97
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Systematic review What are the effe
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Contents List of abbreviations ....
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List of abbreviations AIDS Acquired
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Executive summary Background Execut
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Executive summary be to retrospecti
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Background many LICs and LMCs, it i
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Background Cross-sectional surveys
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Background For some causes of mater
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Background informal settlements on
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Background review focused on explic
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Types of intervention Interventions
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Box 2.2: Websites searched AFD (Age
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second stage previously described f
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using qualitative analysis to attem
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Figure 3.1: Filtering of papers fro
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Middle East and North Africa (8%) S
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Search results access or satisfacti
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4. Synthesis results Summary Synthe
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Synthesis results Four studies focu
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Drug treatments (including micronut
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Synthesis results Training and audi
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Synthesis results order to be effec
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Synthesis results government admini
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HIV/AIDS and Malaria, as well as no
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Synthesis results ASSESSING THE COS
Page 51 and 52: and birthing care services, includi
Page 53 and 54: Synthesis results of settings were
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4.1: Causal chain for matern
Page 57 and 58: 4.3 Summary of results of causal ch
Page 59 and 60: 5. Strengths and limitations Summar
Page 61 and 62: 6. Conclusions and recommendations
Page 63 and 64: Conclusions and recommendations Urb
Page 65 and 66: References Bakr A F, Karkour T (200
Page 67 and 68: References Deschamps M M, Noel F, B
Page 69 and 70: References Lim S, Dandona L, Hoisin
Page 71 and 72: References Shantharam Baliga B, Rag
Page 73 and 74: References Channon A A, Falkingham
Page 75 and 76: References Jowett M (2000) Safe Mot
Page 77 and 78: References Rice J, Rice J S (2009)
Page 79 and 80: Appendices Appendix 1.1: Authorship
Page 81 and 82: Appendix 2.1: Inclusion and exclusi
Page 83 and 84: Appendix 2.2: Search strategy for e
Page 85 and 86: Appendix 2.2 Infant* OR Matern* OR
Page 87 and 88: OR/ 12-13 11 AND 14 Limit 15 to pub
Page 89 and 90: Appendix 2.4: Journals handsearched
Page 91 and 92: POOR PROFILE Is the study populatio
Page 93 and 94: infants (
Page 95 and 96: Appendix 2.5 Intervention (surgical
Page 97 and 98: Appendix 2.5 Intervention (service
Page 99 and 100: MORTALITY OUTCOME TYPES Which morta
Page 101: positive neutral negative unclear/n
Page 105 and 106: surveillance system none of the abo
Page 107 and 108: no SELECTION CHARACTERISTICS Is inf
Page 109 and 110: Appendix 2.5 QUANTITATIVE DATA ADJU
Page 111 and 112: RESEARCHER RELATIONSHIP Has the rel
Page 113 and 114: Were the inclusion/exclusion criter
Page 115 and 116: person-years). 3.5 Was follow-up ti
Page 117 and 118: Appendix 2.7 Appendix 2.7: Quality
Page 119 and 120: triangulation, or for not triangula
Page 121 and 122: Was the study approved by an ethics
Page 123 and 124: Item Yes No Not clear 3. The viewpo
Page 125 and 126: Appendix 2.9: Electronic databases
Page 127 and 128: Web of Knowledge (including ISI Cit
Page 129 and 130: Study Setting Intervention type Abo
Page 131 and 132: Study Setting Intervention type Alw
Page 133 and 134: Study Setting Intervention type Ben
Page 135 and 136: Study Setting Intervention type Ble
Page 137 and 138: Study Setting Intervention type Cob
Page 139 and 140: Study Setting Intervention type Des
Page 141 and 142: Study Setting Intervention type Faw
Page 143 and 144: Study Setting Intervention type Jak
Page 145 and 146: Study Setting Intervention type Kup
Page 147 and 148: Study Setting Intervention type Mar
Page 149 and 150: Study Setting Intervention type Nah
Page 151 and 152: Study Setting Intervention type Pad
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Study Setting Intervention type Str
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Study Setting Intervention type Zia
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Appendix 3.2 Adam G K, Abdulla M A,
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Appendix 3.2 Balkus J, Bosire R, Jo
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Appendix 3.2 Boerma J T, Stroh G (1
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Appendix 3.2 Chiwuzie J, Okojie O,
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Appendix 3.2 De Alencar A E, Arraes
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Appendix 3.2 Ekman B, Pathmanathan
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Appendix 3.2 Garg R, Omwomo W, Witt
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Appendix 3.2 Gupta R, Sachdev H P,
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Appendix 3.2 Hutton G, Schellenberg
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Appendix 3.2 Khandker S R, Latif M
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Appendix 3.2 Lindblade K A, Eisele
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Appendix 3.2 Menéndez C, Bardají
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Appendix 3.2 Nduati R, John G, Mbor
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Appendix 3.2 O'Rourke K (1995a) The
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Appendix 3.2 Prual A, De Bernis L,
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Appendix 3.2 Sabitu K, Alti-Mu'azu
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Appendix 3.2 Smith J B, Coleman N A
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Appendix 3.2 Van Rheenen P, De Moor
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Appendix 3.2 Xiang X, Wang L, Xu L
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Appendix 3.4 Appendix 3.4: Studies
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Appendix 3.4 International Bank for
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Appendix 3.5 Appendix 3.5: Studies
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Orji (2003) (-)/(-) Shihadeh (2001)
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Chinayon (1998) (+)/(+) Kamilya (20
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Nahar (2004) (-)/(-) Tukur (2007) (
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Ndibazza (2010) (++)/(+) Antiretrov
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Bergstrom (1991) (+)/(+) Women with
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Enakpene (2010) (+)/(-) Etuk (2000a
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Pereira (1996) (-)/(-) Saleem (2007
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Joshi (2007
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Aaby (2005)
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Martins (20
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) de Muylder
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Provider mo
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Appendix 4.4: Included items dealin
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Target Popu
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Colonna (19
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Kuhn (2008)
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Target popu
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Mswia (2003
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Appendix 4.6: Included items dealin
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Appendix 4.8 Appendix 4.8: Economic
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) and setting
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Appendix 4.9: Included items identi
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Poor urban
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Poor urban
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Appendix 4.10: High-quality include
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The authors of this report were sup
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