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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Poor urban identification Brief intervention description recommended at this visit. Patients in whom risk factors were detected later than the first visit remained in the study even if they were referred to Harare Central Hospital. The criteria for referral to hospital remained the same as in the standard programme, except for women with unknown dates and SFH measurements. In addition to palpation, the diagnosis of a large-fordates or small-for-dates foetus was made if two consecutive readings at least 4 weeks apart were above the 95th or below the 5th centiles for gestation on the SFH nomogram for Central Africa. Target population Intervention type Setting Targeted outcome(s) Effect(s) Appendix 4.9 What are the effects of different models of delivery for improving maternal and infant health outcomes for poor people in urban areas in low income and lower middle income countries? 242
Appendix 4.10: High-quality included items with successful mortality outcomes, but not explicitly targeting urban poor populations Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Infant Cobra (1997) (++)/(++) Maternal Dumont (2005) (++)/(++) Brief intervention description Infants were allocated to receive placebo or oral iodised oil (100 mg) at about 6 weeks of age and were followed to 6 months of age. Emergency obstetric guidelines introduction in the Centre de Santé Roi Baudouin, Guédiawaye, Dakar, Senegal. Target population Infants in general Women in general Intervention type Setting Targeted Outcome(s) Clinical Drug treatment (including micronutrient supplementation) single micronutrient Non-clinical Service organisation obstetric guidelines Home Infant mortality District hospital Case fatality for haemorrhage Case fatality for hypertension Case fatality for haemorrhage and hypertension Effect(s) Appendix 4.10 Oral iodised oil supplementation of infants may reduce infant mortality in populations at risk for iodine deficiency. While staff daily supervision may have improved maternal outcome before the intervention period, audit and feedback produced marked effects on emergency obstetric care, especially for complications requiring highly trained management (e.g. preeclampsia). What are the effects of different models of delivery for improving maternal and infant health outcomes for poor people in urban areas in low income and lower middle income countries? 243
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Systematic review What are the effe
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Contents List of abbreviations ....
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List of abbreviations AIDS Acquired
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Executive summary Background Execut
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Executive summary be to retrospecti
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Background many LICs and LMCs, it i
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Background Cross-sectional surveys
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Background For some causes of mater
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Background informal settlements on
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Background review focused on explic
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Types of intervention Interventions
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Box 2.2: Websites searched AFD (Age
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second stage previously described f
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using qualitative analysis to attem
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Figure 3.1: Filtering of papers fro
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Middle East and North Africa (8%) S
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Search results access or satisfacti
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4. Synthesis results Summary Synthe
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Synthesis results Four studies focu
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Drug treatments (including micronut
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Synthesis results Training and audi
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Synthesis results order to be effec
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Synthesis results government admini
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HIV/AIDS and Malaria, as well as no
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Synthesis results ASSESSING THE COS
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and birthing care services, includi
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Synthesis results of settings were
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Figure 4.1: Causal chain for matern
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4.3 Summary of results of causal ch
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5. Strengths and limitations Summar
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6. Conclusions and recommendations
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Conclusions and recommendations Urb
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References Bakr A F, Karkour T (200
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References Deschamps M M, Noel F, B
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References Lim S, Dandona L, Hoisin
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References Shantharam Baliga B, Rag
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References Channon A A, Falkingham
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References Jowett M (2000) Safe Mot
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References Rice J, Rice J S (2009)
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Appendices Appendix 1.1: Authorship
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Appendix 2.1: Inclusion and exclusi
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Appendix 2.2: Search strategy for e
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Appendix 2.2 Infant* OR Matern* OR
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OR/ 12-13 11 AND 14 Limit 15 to pub
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Appendix 2.4: Journals handsearched
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POOR PROFILE Is the study populatio
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infants (
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Appendix 2.5 Intervention (surgical
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Appendix 2.5 Intervention (service
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MORTALITY OUTCOME TYPES Which morta
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positive neutral negative unclear/n
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yes no unclear/not stated N/A Study
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surveillance system none of the abo
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no SELECTION CHARACTERISTICS Is inf
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Appendix 2.5 QUANTITATIVE DATA ADJU
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RESEARCHER RELATIONSHIP Has the rel
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Were the inclusion/exclusion criter
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person-years). 3.5 Was follow-up ti
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Appendix 2.7 Appendix 2.7: Quality
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triangulation, or for not triangula
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Was the study approved by an ethics
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Item Yes No Not clear 3. The viewpo
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Appendix 2.9: Electronic databases
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Web of Knowledge (including ISI Cit
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Study Setting Intervention type Abo
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Study Setting Intervention type Alw
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Study Setting Intervention type Ben
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Study Setting Intervention type Ble
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Study Setting Intervention type Cob
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Study Setting Intervention type Des
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Study Setting Intervention type Faw
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Study Setting Intervention type Jak
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Study Setting Intervention type Kup
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Study Setting Intervention type Mar
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Study Setting Intervention type Nah
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Study Setting Intervention type Pad
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Study Setting Intervention type Str
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Study Setting Intervention type Zia
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Appendix 3.2 Adam G K, Abdulla M A,
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Appendix 3.2 Balkus J, Bosire R, Jo
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Appendix 3.2 Boerma J T, Stroh G (1
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Appendix 3.2 Chiwuzie J, Okojie O,
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Appendix 3.2 De Alencar A E, Arraes
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Appendix 3.2 Ekman B, Pathmanathan
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Appendix 3.2 Garg R, Omwomo W, Witt
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Appendix 3.2 Gupta R, Sachdev H P,
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Appendix 3.2 Hutton G, Schellenberg
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Appendix 3.2 Khandker S R, Latif M
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Appendix 3.2 Lindblade K A, Eisele
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Appendix 3.2 Menéndez C, Bardají
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Appendix 3.2 Nduati R, John G, Mbor
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Appendix 3.2 O'Rourke K (1995a) The
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Appendix 3.2 Prual A, De Bernis L,
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Appendix 3.2 Sabitu K, Alti-Mu'azu
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Appendix 3.2 Smith J B, Coleman N A
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Appendix 3.2 Van Rheenen P, De Moor
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Appendix 3.2 Xiang X, Wang L, Xu L
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Appendix 3.4 Appendix 3.4: Studies
Page 197 and 198: Appendix 3.4 International Bank for
Page 199 and 200: Appendix 3.5 Appendix 3.5: Studies
Page 201 and 202: Orji (2003) (-)/(-) Shihadeh (2001)
Page 203 and 204: Chinayon (1998) (+)/(+) Kamilya (20
Page 205 and 206: Nahar (2004) (-)/(-) Tukur (2007) (
Page 207 and 208: Ndibazza (2010) (++)/(+) Antiretrov
Page 209 and 210: Bergstrom (1991) (+)/(+) Women with
Page 211 and 212: Enakpene (2010) (+)/(-) Etuk (2000a
Page 213 and 214: Pereira (1996) (-)/(-) Saleem (2007
Page 215 and 216: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Joshi (2007
Page 217 and 218: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Aaby (2005)
Page 219 and 220: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Martins (20
Page 221 and 222: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) de Muylder
Page 223 and 224: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Provider mo
Page 225 and 226: Appendix 4.4: Included items dealin
Page 227 and 228: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Target Popu
Page 229 and 230: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Colonna (19
Page 231 and 232: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Kuhn (2008)
Page 233 and 234: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Target popu
Page 235 and 236: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Mswia (2003
Page 237 and 238: Appendix 4.6: Included items dealin
Page 239 and 240: Appendix 4.8 Appendix 4.8: Economic
Page 241 and 242: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) and setting
Page 243 and 244: Appendix 4.9: Included items identi
Page 245 and 246: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Poor urban
Page 247: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Poor urban
Page 251: The authors of this report were sup
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